2-(pyrazin-2-yloxy)acetohydrazide analogs QSAR Study: An insight into the structural basis of antimycobacterial activity.

Quantitative structure activity relationship analysis based on classical Hansch approach was adopted on reported novel series of 2-(pyrazin-2-yloxy)acetohydrazide analogs. Various types of descriptors like topological, spatial, thermodynamic, and electronic were used to derive a quantitative relationship between the antitubercular activity and structural properties. The consensus scoring function showed a significant statistics of training and test set. Coefficient of determination (r²) of consensus model and predictive squared correlation coefficient (r²(pred)) were found to be 0.889 and 0.782, respectively. The model is not only able to predict the activity of test compounds but also explained the important structural features of the molecules in a quantitative manner. The study revealed that antimycobacterium activity is predominantly explained by the molecular connectivity indices of length 6, hydrogen donor feature of the analogs, and shape factors of the substituent. The comparative investigation of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi provided structural insights on how modulation of the molecular connectivity indices, energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, accessible surface area, and moment of inertia of the analogs could be usefully made to optimize the antibacterial activity.

QSAR studies on benzoylaminobenzoic acid derivatives as inhibitors of beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III.

Fatty acid biosynthesis is essential for most of the bacterial survival. Components of this biosynthetic pathway have been identified as attractive targets for the development of new antibacterial agents. FabH, beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase III, is a attractive target since it is central to the initiation of fatty acid biosynthesis. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies have been carried out on a series of benzoylaminobenzoic acid derivatives as potent inhibitors of FabH and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Neisseria meningitidis and Escherichia coli, which demonstrate FabH inhibitory activity in cell free and whole cell system. The QSAR studies revealed that inhibitory activity increases with increase in hydrophobicity, molar refractivity, aromaticity, and presence of OH group (on x position of the nucleus). On the other side presence of hetero-atoms like N, O, or S at R(1) position of the nucleus decreases the inhibitory activity. The comparison of QSAR between the FabH inhibitory activity and antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, E. faecalis, N. meningitidis also demonstrates that the hydrophobicity, aromaticity and presence of OH group (on x position of the nucleus) are conducive for the inhibitory activity.

Rationalization of physicochemical characters of oxazolyl thiosemicarbazone analogs towards multi-drug resistant tuberculosis: a QSAR approach.

The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the continuing pandemic of tuberculosis emphasizes the urgent need for the development of new and potent anti-tubercular agents. In an effort to develop new and more effective agents to treat tuberculosis emphasis was focused on quantification of structure-activity relationship of oxazolyl thiosemicarbazone derivatives. The de novo analysis gave insight to some important structural features i.e. nitro group on phenyl ring at R(1) position is optimal for the activity and might be responsible for electronic interaction, while phenyl ring at R position interact with the hydrophobic pocket more effectively as compared to unsubstituted or methyl substituted analogs. Hansch approach offered the understanding and parameterization of interactions of the inhibitor with receptor. Similarly QSAR analysis gave some important physicochemical properties, i.e. empirical aromatic index (ARR) and 3D-MoRSE code value of scattering angle at 8A(-1). These two physicochemical properties shall be helpful in the development of more potent analogs.

Development of pharmacophoric model of condensed pyridine and pyrimidine analogs as hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors.

Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) has been established on a series of thirty-eight compounds of four different sets of condensed pyridine and pyrimidine analogs, for their hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor activity, in order to understand the essential structural requirement for binding with receptor, in terms of common biophoric and secondary sites employing APEX-3D software. Among several 3D pharmacophoric models with different sizes and arrangements, one model was selected based on r2 = 0.8, chance<0.001, match equivalent to 0.38 and all the 38 compounds were considered. The results suggest that hydrophobicity, hydrogen acceptor and optimum steric refractivity play a dominant role in the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase. The information obtained from the present study can be used to design and predict more potent molecules as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, prior to their synthesis.

Quantitative structure-activity analysis of 5-arylidene-2,4-thiazolidinediones as aldose reductase inhibitors.

Design of aldose reductase (ALR2) inhibitors has received considerable attention. Aldose reductase inhibitors, when administered from the onset of hyperglycemia, prevent the progression of polyol accumulation-linked complications. The feasibility that inhibition of aldose reductase provides a pharmacologically direct treatment for diabetic complications that is independent of the control of blood sugar levels has spurred the development of structurally diverse aldose reductase inhibitors. In this work, we report quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis performed by 3D-QSAR analysis, Hansch analysis, and Fujita-Ban analysis on a series of 5-arylidene-2,4-thiazolidinediones as aldose reductase inhibitors. The 2D & 3D-QSAR models were generated using 18 compounds and Fujita-Ban analysis models were obtained using 23 compounds. The predictive ability of the resulting 2D and 3D models was evaluated against a test set of 5 compounds. Analyses of results from the present QSAR study inferred that 3rd position of the phenyl ring and acetic acid substitution at N-position of thiazolidinediones play a key role in the aldose reductase inhibitory activity.

QSAR analysis of thiazole benzenesulfonamide substituted 3-pyridylethanolamines as beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist.

A quantitative structure-activity relationship study on a series of substituted benzene sulfonamide-3-pyridylethanolamines with beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist activity was made using a combination of various physiochemical descriptors. Several significant equations with good co-efficients of correlation (0.930) were obtained; the two models were selected using predictive ability of equations for test set. Both models highlight some common important structural features, that is, high electrostatic potential energy and the lipophilic nature of the molecule, favorable for beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist activity.