Assuntos
Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Nervos Cranianos/diagnóstico por imagem , Leucodistrofia Metacromática/diagnóstico por imagem , Cerebrosídeo Sulfatase/genética , Pré-Escolar , Corpo Caloso/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Leucodistrofia Metacromática/genética , Leucodistrofia Metacromática/fisiopatologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Substância Branca/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Neuroimaging is indispensable for evaluation of Myelopathy not only for localization but also for etiologic determination. MRI is the preferred examination for further characterization of the majority of these conditions. These include traumatic, inflammatory, infections, compressive and neoplastic conditions. This article provides an overview of a variety of pathologies that afflict the spinal cord in an easy to understand format. Their respective imaging manifestations on MRI and differential diagnoses are focused in this review. Early diagnosis and treatment of Myelopathy is critical in preventing or arresting neurological morbidity.
Assuntos
Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Doenças da Medula Espinal/diagnóstico , Algoritmos , Cisto Dermoide/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Encefalomielite Aguda Disseminada/diagnóstico , Humanos , Esclerose Múltipla/diagnóstico , Mielite/diagnóstico , Mielite Transversa/diagnóstico , Neuromielite Óptica/diagnóstico , Sarcoidose/diagnóstico , Medula Espinal/anatomia & histologia , Compressão da Medula Espinal/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Medula Espinal/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Medula Espinal/patologia , Degeneração Combinada Subaguda/diagnósticoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Abstract Objective: Myocardial reperfusion injury can induce further cardiomyocyte death and contribute to adverse cardiovascular outcomes after myocardial ischemia, cardiac surgery, or circulatory arrest. Exposure to near-infrared (NIR) light at the time of reoxygenation protects neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and HL-1 cells from injury. We hypothesized that application of NIR at 670 nm would protect the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS: We assessed the protective role of NIR in in vivo and in vitro rat models of ischemia-reperfusion injury. RESULTS: NIR application had no effect on the function of the nonischemic isolated heart, and had no effect on infarct size when applied during global ischemia. In the in vivo model, NIR commencing immediately before reperfusion decreased infarct size by 40%, 33%, 38%, and 77%, respectively, after regional ischemic periods of 30, 20, 15, and 10 min. Serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) was significantly reduced in the 15 min group, whereas creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were not affected. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated the safety of NIR application in an in vitro rat isolated model. In addition, we have demonstrated safety and efficacy when using NIR for cardioprotection in an in vivo rat ischemia model, and that this cardioprotection is dependent upon some factor present in blood, but not in perfusion buffer. RESULTS show potential for cTnI, but not CK or LDH, as a biomarker for cardioprotection by NIR. NIR may have therapeutic utility in providing myocardial protection from ischemia-reperfusion injury.
