Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Higher Education: Characterizing the Psychosocial Context of the Positive and Negative Affective States Using Classification and Regression Trees.

Our aim is to analyze the extent to which the psychosocial aspects can characterize the affective states of the teachers, administrative staff, and undergraduate and postgraduate students during the quarantine. A questionnaire was answered by 1,328 people from the community of the Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Spain. The survey was partially designed ad hoc, collecting indicators related to sociodemographic variables, the impact of COVID on the subjects or in their personal context, the psychosocial context of coexistence and perceived social support, characteristics related to the physical context during the quarantine, and labor conditions. Additionally, it included two validated instruments: the Survey Work-Home Interaction-Nijmegen for Spanish Speaking Countries (SWING-SSC) validated in Spanish and PANAS, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Classification and Regression Trees (CART) were performed to identify which variables better characterize the participants' level of positive and negative affective states. Results according to groups showed that students are the ones who have suffered the most as a result of this situation (temporary employment regulation, higher scores in negative work-home and home-work interaction, lower scores in positive home-work interaction, and negative effects of teleworking). Additionally, they reported a higher mean score in interpersonal conflict and worse scores with regard to negative affective states. Based on sex, women were the ones whose environment was shown to be more frequently affected by the pandemic and who exhibited more negative effects of teleworking. In general terms, participants with the highest scores in negative affective states were those who perceived an increase in conflict and a high negative effect from work spilling over into their personal lives. On the contrary, participants with the highest levels of positive affective states were those with medium to low levels of negative home-work interaction, over 42.5 years old, and with medium to high levels of positive work-home interaction. Our results aim to help higher education to reflect on the need to adapt to this new reality, since the institutions that keep pace with evolving trends will be able to better attract, retain, and engage all the members of the university community in the years ahead.

Psychometric properties of the Spanish Human System Audit Short-Scale of transformational leadership.

The aim of this research is to examine the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Human System Audit transformational leadership short-scale (HSA-TFL-ES). It is based on the concept of Bass developed in 1985. The HSA-TFL is a part of the wider Human System Audit frame. We analyzed the HSA-TFL-ES in five different samples with a total number of 1,718 workers at five sectors. Exploratory Factor Analysis corroborated a single factor in all samples that accounted for 66% to 73% of variance. The internal consistency in all samples was good (alpha = .92 - .95). Evidence was found for the convergent validity of the HSA-TFL-ES and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. These results suggested that the HSA-TFL short-scale is a psychometrically sound measure of this construct and can be used for a combined and first overall measurement.

Psychometric properties of the Spanish human system audit short-scale of transformational leadership

The aim of this research is to examine the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Human System Audit transformational leadership short-scale (HSA-TFL-ES). It is based on the concept of Bass developed in 1985. The HSA-TFL is a part of the wider Human System Audit frame. We analyzed the HSA-TFL-ES in five different samples with a total number of 1,718 workers at five sectors. Exploratory Factor Analysis corroborated a single factor in all samples that accounted for 66% to 73% of variance. The internal consistency in all samples was good (α = .92 - .95). Evidence was found for the convergent validity of the HSA-TFL-ES and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. These results suggested that the HSA-TFL short-scale is a psychometrically sound measure of this construct and can be used for a combined and first overall measurement (AU)

El objetivo de esta investigación es examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la escala corta de Liderazgo Transformacional de la Auditoría del Sistema Humano (HSA-TFL-ES). La escala se basa en el concepto de Liderazgo Transformacional desarrollado por Bass en 1985. La HSA-TFL-ES ha sido administrada a un total de 1,718 trabajadores, distribuidos en cinco muestras diferentes correspondientes a distintos sectores empresariales. El análisis factorial exploratorio corroboró la existencia de un solo factor que explica entre 66% y 73% de la varianza. La consistencia interna obtenida ha sido buena (α = .92 - .95). Además, los resultados obtenidos muestran validez convergente entre la escala HSA-TFL-ES y el Cuestionario Multifactorial de Liderazgo (Multifactorial Leadership Questionnaire - MLQ). Los resultados evidencian que la escala corta HSA es una medida psicométricamente adecuada del constructo de Liderazgo Transformacional, por lo que puede ser utilizada para una primera medición global del mismo (AU)

Effectiveness of clinical assessment in Spanish forensic practice: detecting malingered psychological sequelae in victims of intimate partner violence

Background and Objectives: According to Spanish legislation, the psychologicalharm suffered by the victim of a criminal act is determined by assessing its impacton the victim’s mental state. Usually, the victim’s pain and suffering is estimated by administering clinical scales. The aim of the present study was to explore the effectiveness of psychopathological assessment using commonly used scales in clinical practice and whose results are presented as legal evidence in a forensic context in order to detect malingered psychological sequelae (anxiety, depression and low self-esteem) in victims ofintimate partner violence in forensic contexts. Methods: In the present study three scales based in a clinical setting and regularly used in a forensic context were administered (BDI, STAI and Rosenberg) to assess malingering of symptoms. The sample comprised 66 women: 36 students, and 30 real victims. Thenon-clinical sample was evaluated twice: the first time they gave sincere responses, and the second time they were instructed to answer as if they were victims. The real victimsunderwent testing in a forensic context. Results and Conclusions: The results of our research show that, even without previous knowledge of the scales, people can distort the test results by malingering symptoms that are normally accepted as sequelae of intimate partner violence, especially depression and low self-esteem; however, the results for anxiety, were less homogeneous. Although thesetests are used extensively in clinical psychology, our study confirms that, just by themselves, they are not a reliable source of information in a forensic context (AU)

La mediación en el ámbito de la salud / The mediation in health

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Envejecimiento y calidad de vida: análisis de los conflictos en personas mayores “activas” y en la convivencia en centros de tiempo libre / No disponible

El envejecimiento y la calidad de vida en las personas mayores deben contemplar una buena resolución de los conflictos cotidianos. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en realizarun análisis cualitativo de los conflictos cotidianos en dos tipos de muestras una de personas mayores "activas" y otra representativa de la convivencia en los centros de tiempo libre. Los principales tipos de conflictos identificados han sido: a) insatisfacción en cuanto a expectativas, necesidades, intereses, relaciones sociales, recursos y estructuras. Se concluye y discuten diferentes soluciones a estos conflictos y la necesidad de seguir estudiando propuestas paraconseguir un envejecimiento óptimo y de calidad (AU)

Everyday conflicts constitute an important issue in ageing and quality of life. This study performs a qualitative analysis of everyday conflicts in two samples: the first a group of "active" senior citizens, and the second a group representative of a free time centers. The main conflict identified was dissatisfaction with regard to expectations, needs, interests, social relations, resources and structures. We discuss a variety of possible solutions and stress the need to continue studying proposals for promoting optimal ageing and wellness (AU)

Características del consumo de alcohol en el distrito de Ccapacmarca / Characteristics of the consumption of alcohol in Ccapacmarca's district

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo que asocia variables intragrupo, sin relación causa-efecto, para conocer las características epidemiológicas con relación al consumo de bebidas alcoholicas y determinar la prevalencia en una población rural del departamento del Cusco. Se estudiaron un total de 319 pobladores de las diferentes comunidades del distrito de Ccapacmarca, provincia de Chumbivilcas, ubicado por encima de los 3900 m.s.n.m. Se encontró una menor prevalencia de consumo de bebidas alcohólicas con relación a otros trabajos regionales; predominó el sexo masculino así como el grupo etáreo de 25 a 44 años; la mayoría eran convivientes con primaria incompleta, católicos y que realizaban trabajos de agricultura (chacra).