[Adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviours in patients with type 2 diabetes in Spain]. / Adherencia a un estilo de vida saludable en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en España.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to report on the main lifestyle components and related factors in adults with diabetes type 2 treated in Primary Care clinics in Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional and multicentre study was performed on a consecutive sample of patients with type 2 diabetes attending 25 Primary Care clinics between April 2018 and April 2019. Data were collected by auditing the computerised medical records, and an interview. An analysis was carried out on adherence to 4 healthy lifestyle trends (Mediterranean diet, regular exercise, not smoking, and emotional well-being). RESULTS: A total of 412 patients were included in the analysis (mean age 69 (SD 8.65) years; 50.2% men). Only a minority was highly adherent to the Mediterranean diet, 92 (22.3%). Regular physical activity was carried out by 189 (45.8%). A total of 361 (87.6%) were non-smoking, and 259 (62.8%) felt emotional well-being. A small number (9, 2.1%) of patients had not followed any of the healthy lifestyle recommendations, with 87 (21.1%) following one, 145 (35.1%) two, 128 (31%) three, and 43 (10.4%) all 4 healthy habits: diet, exercise, not smoking, and emotional well-being. Healthy lifestyle adherence was related to gender. Obesity is poorly associated with adherence to diet and physical activity. The results for age, time with the disease, socioeconomic status, and treatment regimen were not consistent. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggest that adherence to a healthy lifestyle pattern in DM2 is low. Less than a quarter follow a healthy diet, and less than a half practice regular exercise. Gender is the variable that most influences a healthy lifestyle in DM2, but not age, time with the disease, or treatment regimen.

Prevención y tratamiento de la enfermedad infecciosa en personas con diabetes / Prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in diabetic patients

Es conocida la relación bidireccional entre enfermedades infecciosas y diabetes. Las personas con diabetes tienen mayor riesgo de presentar enfermedades infecciosas, pudiendo ser estas de mayor severidad; y por otro lado, las enfermedades infecciosas desestabilizan el control metabólico de las personas con diabetes. El envejecimiento importante de la población es debido en parte al aumento de la supervivencia de pacientes con enfermedades crónicas, entre ellas la diabetes. Mejorar la prevención de enfermedades infecciosas en este grupo de población podría disminuir las complicaciones de estas enfermedades, así como las consecuencias de la desestabilización de la enfermedad de base (morbilidad, discapacidad, ingresos hospitalarios, costes sanitarios, tasas de mortalidad), mejorando además la calidad de vida de las personas con diabetes. La presente revisión expone el tratamiento de las enfermedades infecciosas en personas con diabetes y el abordaje de las enfermedades inmunoprevenibles con las vacunas recomendadas en la actualidad

The bidirectional relationship between infectious diseases and diabetes is well-known. On the one hand, diabetes patients are at a higher risk of presenting with infectious diseases, possibly with more severity, and on the other hand, infectious diseases impair metabolic control in patients with diabetes. Population ageing arises partly due to an increased survival rate in chronic diseases, of which diabetes is amongst them. Improving infectious disease prevention could reduce complications arising from the former diseases, consequences of decompensated diabetes condition (morbidity, incapacity, hospital admissions, healthcare costs, and mortality rates) and result in improved quality of life in patients with diabetes. The current review presents the treatment of infectious diseases in patients with diabetes and the dealing with immuno-preventable diseases with the currently advised vaccinations

[Prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in diabetic patients]. / Prevención y tratamiento de la enfermedad infecciosa en personas con diabetes.

The bidirectional relationship between infectious diseases and diabetes is well-known. On the one hand, diabetes patients are at a higher risk of presenting with infectious diseases, possibly with more severity, and on the other hand, infectious diseases impair metabolic control in patients with diabetes. Population ageing arises partly due to an increased survival rate in chronic diseases, of which diabetes is amongst them. Improving infectious disease prevention could reduce complications arising from the former diseases, consequences of decompensated diabetes condition (morbidity, incapacity, hospital admissions, healthcare costs, and mortality rates) and result in improved quality of life in patients with diabetes. The current review presents the treatment of infectious diseases in patients with diabetes and the dealing with immuno-preventable diseases with the currently advised vaccinations.

Dolor lumbar en dos varones de 58 y 84 años de edad / Low back pain in two males of 58 and 87 years of age

La hiperostosis esquelética difusa idiopática (DISH) es una enfermedad del aparato locomotor caracterizada por una tendencia a la osificación proliferativa del periostio, ligamentos, tendones y cápsulas articulares, con afectación principalmente espinal, aunque puede contar también con manifestaciones extraespinales. Generalmente, es sólo un hallazgo radiológico, bastante llamativo, pero sin gran importancia clínica. Sin embargo, el médico de familia ha de conocer la existencia de esta patología, no sólo para realizar un diagnóstico correcto, sino por las implicaciones que pueda conllevar en forma de complicaciones tales como compresiones viscerales o medulares (a nivel cervical, principalmente), anquilosis o desestabilizaciones vertebrales. Presentamos los casos de dos varones que acudieron en un breve espacio de tiempo a nuestro centro con sintomatología similar, consistente en dolor lumbar y que presentaban el diagnóstico radiológico de DISH o enfermedad de Forestier y Rotes-Querol, sin otras complicaciones clínicas, salvo cierta rigidez en uno de los casos, tras el seguimiento efectuado

Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH) is a disease of the locomotor apparatus characterized by a tendency to proliferative ossification of the periostium, ligaments, tendons and articular capsules, which mainly affects the spine, although there may also be extraspinal manifestations. Generally, it is only a radiographic finding that is quite striking, but without great clinical importance. However, the family doctor should know about the existence of this disease, not only to make a correct diagnosis, but also because of the implications it has in form of complications such as visceral or spinal cord compressions (mainly on the cervical level), spinal ankylosis or vertebral destabilizations. We present the case of two males who came to our site with similar symptoms in a short period of time. The symptoms consisted in low back pain with a radiological diagnoses of DISH or Forestier and Rotes-Querol disease, without any other clinical complications, except some stiffness in one of the cases, after the follow-up made

[Influence of the diet on the development of colorectal cancer in a population of Madrid]. / Influencia de la dieta en la aparición del cáncer colorrectal en una población de Madrid.

OBJECTIVE: Although the genetic component in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is well established, some environmental factors, mainly dietary, can favor its development. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between daily consumption of specific food groups and development of CRC. METHODS: We carried out a case-control study in an area of Madrid; 196 patients with diagnosis of CRC with confirmed histology and registered to May 1998 in the Community of Madrid tumor register were included, and they were compared with 196 controls matched by age, sex, and geographical area. All of them filled out a questionnaire with information on diet, substance abuse, physical activity, drugs, and family history of CRC. RESULTS: The logistic regression analysis showed a weakly positive association with meat (OR: 1.02; CI: 1.01-1.04), viscera (OR: 1.12; CI: 1.02-1.23), and sausage (OR: 1.07; CI: 1.03-1.1) consumption, and a modest inverse association with consumption of yogurt (OR: 0.97; CI: 0.95-0.98), tomato (OR: 0.99; CI: 0.98-0.99), strawberries and cherries (OR: 0.97; CI: 0.95-0.99), oranges, grapefruits, and natural fruit juices (OR: 0.99; CI: 0.98-1). CONCLUSIONS: These results are an additional empirical evidence that must be confirmed through prospective studies.

Tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria / Treatment for urinary incontinence

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