Malnutrition in all its forms and socio-economic indicators in Argentina.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of five forms of malnutrition (wasting/underweight, overweight, obesity, stunting/short stature and anaemia) by socio-economic wealth (SEW) and educational level (EL) among children, adolescents and women of reproductive age in Argentina. DESIGN: Analysis from a cross-sectional survey. Anthropometric indicators and prevalence of anaemia were estimated. SEW was classified according to the proportion of contributors in the household, employment status, EL and medical coverage. EL was categorized by years of formal education. SETTING: National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2005. PARTICIPANTS: Children (n 27 015) <5 years, adolescent girls (n 1729) 11-19 years, women (n 4401) 20-49 years. RESULTS: In Argentina, 26 % of households lived with unsatisfied basic needs and 23 % received at least one form of food assistance. Any form of malnutrition affected 23 % of children, 36 % of girls and 56 % of women. Children were especially affected by anaemia, overweight/obesity and stunting (15·2, 9·9, 7·4 %, respectively). Girls were affected by overweight/obesity, anaemia and stunting (22·5, 15·2, 6·2 %). Women were strongly affected by overweight/obesity, anaemia and stunting (43·8, 19·8, 10·5 %). Stunting or short stature was higher in low-SEW settings, doubling in prevalence between low and high levels, increasing four times among women in reproductive age (P < 0·05). Excess weight among children was higher in high-SEW settings, in women the tendency was inverse. Anaemia showed different tendency according to SEW. CONCLUSIONS: In 2005, Argentina had high rates of excess weight and anaemia, moderate prevalence of stunting and low frequency of wasting/underweight. All forms of malnutrition showed a strong relationship with socio-economic and educational inequality.

Tratamiento interdisciplinario de paciente con síndrome de clase III / Interdisciplinary treatment of a class III syndrome patient

Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente de 9 años de edad que concurre al Servicio de Abordaje Interdisciplinario para la Rehabilitación de Pacientes con Hábitos Orales Disfuncionales y Tratamientos Tempranos, facultad de Odontología, UNC. Es acompañada por su madre quien nos manifiesta su intensapreocupación por la conducta de su hija, quien no se relaciona con sus pares, sólo juega con uno de sushermanos. No se comunica ni responde a nuestras preguntas. La valoración clínica constata un perfil cóncavo, depresión del tercio medio facial en sentido anteroposterior, praxias orofaciales disfuncionales, trastornos foniátricos, y alteraciones posturales- hiperlordosis cervical y cifoescoliosis dorsolumbar. Existen antecedentes hereditarios de Clase III por líneapaterna. En el diagnóstico se comprueba el síndrome de Clase III esqueletal. Se realiza en primera instancia un tratamiento Ortopédico con Mascarilla de Tracción pósteroanterior, intraoralmente utilizamos Plan Six Helix modificadocon ganchos para la tracción. Estaasociación de aparatología permitió estimular biomecánicamente el crecimiento pósteroanterior delmaxilar superior a nivel sutural y protruyó el sector anterosuperior dentario. Posteriormente se aplicóaparatología miofuncional. Estuvo acompañada con apoyo psicológico para aceptar el tratamiento interdisciplinario y estimular su integración social. Además, se rehabilitaron las disfunciones orofaciales y la postura mediante reeducación postural y uso deplantillas ortopédicas. La rehabilitación integral logró redireccionar su crecimiento desde su base de sustentación, armonizando todas sus unidades funcionales y recuperar su autoestima y lograr su socialización.

We presented the clinical case of a 9-year-old patientwho concur to the Service of Early OrthodonticTreatment and Oral Dysfunctional Habits of theDepartment of Child and Adolescent Integral “B”,Orthodontia area. UNC. She is accompanied by hermother who shows us her intense concern for theconduct of his daughter, who isn´t related to herpeers, only plays with one of the brothers. It alsodoesn´t communicate or respond to ours questions.The girl has socio-emotional disorder.In the clinical evaluation we find a concave profilewith depressed midface, phoniatrics disorders, dysfunctionalorofacial praxis and postural changes incervical lordosis, kyphoscoliosis dorso-lumbar.Class III skeletal features. There are heredity ClassIII from the father family.An orthopedic treatment is in the first instance witha posterior-anterior mask, central rod model Pettit.Intraorally used a Six Helix Plan, modified with hooks for rubber for the mask. This association ofappliance allowed us biomechanically, stimulate anteriorposterior growth of the upper jaw in the suturalarea and protrude forward the upperanteriortooth sector. Later was applied myofunctional equipment, elastic open activator Klammt class Imodified, changed without vestibular arc to let incisorsexpress and lingual bowls. During treatment, she was accompanied with psychological support to accept it and encourage theirsocial integration. Also with phonoaudiological treatment, respiratory disorders, deglutition and foniatricswere treated.The physiatric therapy consisted in postural reeducationand using orthopedics insoles.