RESUMO
Propolis is a resin that honey bees (Apis mellifera) produce by mixing wax, exudates collected from tree shoots, pollen, and enzymes. It has been used for its biological properties against pathogenic microorganisms including those of viral origin. In the present study, we demonstrate the antiviral effect of Mexican propolis, as well as of the three commercial flavonoids (quercetin, naringenin, and pinocembrin) present in its composition, in cell cultures infected with Canine Distemper Virus. The treatments were carried out with propolis, flavonoids individually, and a mixture of the three flavonoids at three different times. Antiviral activity was evaluated by the inhibition of the relative expression of the virus nucleoprotein gene (Real-Time qPCR) and by the determination of cellular viability (MTT assay). Propolis applied before infection decreased viral expression (0.72 versus 1.0, 1.65, and 1.75 relative expressions) and correlated with increased cell viability (0.314 versus 0.215, 0.259, and 0.237 absorbance units (AU)). The administration of a flavonoid mixture containing the three commercial flavonoids before infection induces a slight decrease in viral expression (0.93 versus 1, 1.42, and 1.82 relative expressions); however, it does not improve cellular viability (0.255 versus 0.247, 0.282, and 0.245 AU). Quercetin administrated at the same time of infection decreases viral expression (0.90 versus 1.0, 3.25, and 1.02 relative expressions) and improves cellular viability (0.294 versus 0.240, 0.250, and 0.245 AU). Pinocembrin and naringenin individually did not show any antiviral activity at the administration times evaluated in this study. The present work is the first in vitro study of the effect of propolis in Canine Distemper Virus and demonstrated the antiviral activity of Mexican propolis, in addition to the synergy that exists between the three flavonoids on cell viability and the expression of the nucleoprotein virus gene.
RESUMO
Propolis is a resinous substance collected by bees (Apis mellifera) from different trees and bushes. Due to its antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral and antiparasitic properties, it has continued to be very popular throughout the time showing variable activity depending on its geographical origin. In Mexico, information about this product is very limited. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antifungal activity of four propolis ethanolic extracts from three different Mexican states, and four commercial extracts on Candida albicans growth. A reference strain (ATCC 10231) and 36 clinical isolates of C. albicans were used. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined by the dilution on agar method. Growth curves on Sabouraud Dextrose broth with and without different propolis ethanolic extracts concentrations were performed. In addition, whether the effect was fungistatic or fungicide was determined. The propolis ethanolic extract obtained from Cuautitlán Izcalli, State of Mexico, showed the best biological activity, inhibiting 94.4% from the clinical isolates at 0.8 mg/ml; the reference strain was inhibited at 0.6 mg/ml. The propolis effect was fungistatic in low concentrations and fungicide in concentrations higher to MIC. The Mexican propolis ethanolic extract could be further investigated for its alternative use for the treatment of some C. albicans infections.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Misturas Complexas/farmacologia , Própole/química , Animais , Abelhas , Candida albicans/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Misturas Complexas/isolamento & purificação , Etanol , Técnicas In Vitro , México , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
El propóleos es una sustancia resinosa recolectada por las abejas (Apis mellifera)a partir de diferentes árboles y arbustos. Sus propiedades medicinales hanmantenido su popularidad a través de los años debido a que posee actividadantifúngica, antibacteriana, antiviral y antiparasitaria, mostrando variación en suactividad biológica dependiendo de su origen geográfico. En México, lainformación respecto a la actividad de este producto es muy limitada. El objetivode este trabajo fue evaluar la actividad antifúngica de cuatro extractos etanólicosde propóleos de tres diferentes Estados de la República Mexicana, y de cuatroextractos comerciales sobre el crecimiento de Candida albicans. Se emplearonuna cepa de referencia (ATCC 10231) y 36 aislamientos clínicos de origenhumano de C. albicans. Se determinó la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI)por el método de dilución en agar. Se realizaron curvas de crecimiento en caldoglucosado de Sabouraud solo y con diferentes concentraciones de los extractosetanólicos de propóleos; además se determinó si el efecto era fungicida ofungistático. El extracto obtenido en Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de Méxicopresentó la mayor actividad biológica, inhibiendo el 94,4% de los aislamientosclínicos a una concentración de 0,8 mg/ml; la cepa de referencia fue inhibida auna concentración de 0,6 mg/ml. El efecto fue fungistático a bajasconcentraciones y fungicida a concentraciones superiores a la CMI. El extractoetanólico de propóleos mexicano podría ser investigado como un tratamientoalternativo en algunas infecciones causadas por C. albicans(AU)
Propolis is a resinous substance collected by bees (Apis mellifera) from differenttrees and bushes. Due to its antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral and antiparasiticproperties, it has continued to be very popular throughout the time showingvariable activity depending on its geographical origin. In Mexico, informationabout this product is very limited. The aim of this work was to evaluate theantifungal activity of four propolis ethanolic extracts from three different Mexicanstates, and four commercial extracts on Candida albicans growth. A referencestrain (ATCC 10231) and 36 clinical isolates of C. albicans were used.The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined by the dilution onagar method. Growth curves on Sabouraud Dextrose broth with and withoutdifferent propolis ethanolic extracts concentrations were performed. In addition,whether the effect was fungistatic or fungicide was determined. The propolisethanolic extract obtained from Cuautitlán Izcalli, State of Mexico, showed thebest biological activity, inhibiting 94.4% from the clinical isolates at 0.8 mg/ml;the reference strain was inhibited at 0.6 mg/ml. The propolis effect wasfungistatic in low concentrations and fungicide in concentrations higher to MIC.The Mexican propolis ethanolic extract could be further investigated for itsalternative use for the treatment of some C. albicans infections(AU)
