RESUMO
The periparturient period is characterized by the increased demand for calcium (Ca) in dairy cows. This has resulted in the utilization of several different prepartal nutritional strategies to prevent hypocalcemia postpartum. The objective of our study was to determine the effects of feeding synthetic zeolite A (XZ), a negative dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) diet, or a positive DCAD diet (CON) during the close-up period on peripartal mineral dynamics and hormones involved in calcium metabolism. To this end, one hundred and 21 multiparous Holstein cows, blocked by lactation number and expected due date were enrolled at 254 d of gestation and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 prepartum diets: CON (+190 mEq/kg; n = 40), -DCAD (-65 mEq/kg; n = 41), or a diet supplemented with sodium aluminum silicate (XZ; +278 mEq/kg, fed at 3.3% DM, targeting 500 g/day; n = 40; Protekta Inc.). Blood, urine, and saliva samples were collected from enrollment until parturition, with data analyzed and presented beginning 14 d before parturition (D-14) until parturition (D0), and on D1, D2, D3, D6, D9, D12, D15, D18, D21, D35, and D49 postpartum to assess mineral and hormone dynamics. Total fecal collections were performed in a subset of 8 cows per treatment group to assess fecal mineral loss. Data was analyzed as a randomized complete block design in SAS. Cows fed XZ and -DCAD had higher blood Ca concentrations compared with CON fed cows, with XZ fed cows exhibiting the highest blood Ca concentrations pre and postpartum. Cows fed XZ had decreased blood and salivary phosphorous (P), increased fecal water extractable phosphate (WEP), and the highest blood calcium concentrations pre and postpartum. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was unaffected by diet but was increased at parturition in all treatments. Serotonin concentrations were increased in -DCAD and XZ fed cows compared with CON during the prepartum period. Our data indicate that XZ's improvement in blood Ca concentrations pre and postpartum most likely is regulated by a dietary P restriction. Taken together, these data suggest that XZ and -DCAD diets improve postpartum calcium metabolism, however, they appear to work through different mechanisms.
