Profil etiologique des adenopathies cervicales en medecine interne : etude de 66 observations

Les adenopathies cervicales sont un motif frequent d'hospitalisation en Medecine Interne. Elles peuvent etre le temoin d'une affection severe necessitant un diagnostic precoce. Nous avons etudie les aspects cliniques et l'apport diagnostique des examens paracliniques en particulier de la biopsie ganglionnaire au cours des adenopathies cervicales en Medecine Interne au Senegal. Il s'agissait d'une etude retrospective sur une periode de cinq ans et huit mois allant du 1er janvier 2000 au 20 a out 2006 dans le service de Medecine Interne de l'hopital Aristide Le Dantec de Dakar. Soixante six dossiers sur les 8610 dossiers de patients hospitalises ont ete colliges. Un questionnaire structure avait permis de recueillir les caracteristiques sociodemographiques; cliniques et paracliniques. Les adenopathies cervicales etaient retrouvees chez 37 hommes (57) et 29 femmes (44); soit un sex-ratio de 1;2. L'age moyen etait de 34 ans avec des extremes de 15 et 73 ans. La region cervicale laterale etait le site privilegie des adenopathies; suivie du cercle peri-cervical et de la region cervicale anterieure. Trente six patients presentaient des adenopathies superficielles d'autres localisations : axillaire (39); inguinale (32) et epitrochleenne (1;5). Les etiologies d'adenopathies cervicales comportaient aussi bien la tuberculose; principale cause en milieu tropical; les lymphomes tres souvent responsables demacro- adenopathies; que certains cas anecdotiques comme le syndrome de Rosai Dorfman Destombes

[Etiologic profile of cervical adenopathology observed in an internal medicine department in Dakar, Senegal. A 66 case series]. / Profil étiologique des adénopathies cervicales en médecine interne: étude de 66 observations à Dakar (Sénégal).

Cervical adenopathy is a frequent reason for hospitalization in the internal medicine department. This finding can be a sign of severe disorder requiring early diagnosis. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe clinical features and evaluate diagnostic tests especially lymph node biopsy associated with evaluation of patients presenting cervical adenopathies in an internal medicine department in Senegal. Records of a total of 8610 patients treated in the Internal Medicine Department of the Aristide Le Dantec Hospital of Dakar, Senegal over a 68-month period from January 1, 2000 to August 20, 2006 were reviewed. Sixty-six files were included for study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, clinical and paraclinic data. There were 37 men and 29 women. Average patient age was 34 years (range, 15 to 73 years). The side of the neck was the most frequent location of adenopathy followed by the pericervical arterial circle and anterior cervical area. Thirty-six patients presented superficial adenopathy in other locations including the armpit (39%), groin (32%) and elbow (1.5%). The etiologies underlying cervical adenopathy included classic causes such as tuberculosis that is the main cause in tropical regions and lymphoma that frequently led to macroadenopathy as well as novel causes such as Rosaï Dorfman Destombes syndrome.