Tuberculosis in prison inmates in Southern Brazil: investigating the epidemiological and operational indicators.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is a worldwide public health problem and is more prevalent in specific populations, such as prisoners. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological and operational indicators of tuberculosis in prisoners in a southern region of Brazil. METHODS: This was a descriptive, observational study, utilizing secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System on tuberculosis cases diagnosed in prisoners in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, from 2014 to 2018. Prisoner data used to calculate incidence were extracted from reports by the National Penitentiary Department. RESULTS: From 2014 to 2018, 3,557 tuberculosis cases were reported in Rio Grande do Sul prisoners. The incidence rate of tuberculosis in prisoners was 1,235/100,000 individuals in 2014 and 1,430/100,000 individuals in 2018. The proportion of new TB cases tested for HIV was high, 83.4% in this period; among those tested, 12.9% were HIV coinfected. The proportion of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis confirmed by laboratory criteria was 52.6% in this period. In total, 18.4% of new pulmonary tuberculosis cases were initiated on directly observed treatment in this period, and 36.4% of contacts of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis with laboratory confirmation were examined. Among retreatment pulmonary tuberculosis cases, 82.4% were laboratory-confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: Tuberculosis incidence is increasing on a per-capita and absolute basis in Rio Grande do Sul. Laboratory confirmation, HIV testing, directly observed treatment, and contact investigation rates were all low, indicating the need to improve medical and public health measures for tuberculosis control in prisons.

Práticas de promoção da saúde como resistência e contraconduta à governamentalidade neoliberal / Health promotion practices as resistance and counter-conduct to neoliberal governmentality

Resumo Esse artigo tem como objetivo analisar as práticas de Promoção da Saúde (PS), realizadas na Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS), capazes de se constituírem como ações de resistência e contraconduta à governamentalidade neoliberal. Realizamos uma pesquisa de campo, descritiva e exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa, no contexto da APS de um município do sul do Brasil. Foram entrevistados 23 trabalhadores. Os resultados apontam possibilidades a serem exploradas para potencializar a PS na APS: o fortalecimento das atividades formativas no âmbito das unidades de saúde; a problematização dos Determinantes Sociais da Saúde; os métodos de fomento à participação; a coletivização das demandas em saúde; a valorização e reforço das conquistas e das ações coletivas; o resgate da cultura e de hábitos comunitários locais; e, o advocacy pela PS na APS.

Abstract This article analyzes the discourses within Health Promotion (HP) practices in Primary Health Care (PHC) that constitute actions of resistance and counter-conduct to the neoliberal governmentality inscribed in these tools. Drawing upon descriptive and exploratory field research, together with a qualitative approach, we interviewed 23 PHC workers in a municipality in southern Brazil. The results point out possibilities to enhance HP in PHC: strengthening training activities within health units; problematizing Social Determinants of Health (SDH); methods to encourage participation; collectivization of health demands; appreciation and reinforcement of achievements and collective actions; recovery of the local community's culture and habits; and HP advocacy in PHC.

Health promotion practices as resistance and counter-conduct to neoliberal governmentality. / Práticas de promoção da saúde como resistência e contraconduta à governamentalidade neoliberal.

This article analyzes the discourses within Health Promotion (HP) practices in Primary Health Care (PHC) that constitute actions of resistance and counter-conduct to the neoliberal governmentality inscribed in these tools. Drawing upon descriptive and exploratory field research, together with a qualitative approach, we interviewed 23 PHC workers in a municipality in southern Brazil. The results point out possibilities to enhance HP in PHC: strengthening training activities within health units; problematizing Social Determinants of Health (SDH); methods to encourage participation; collectivization of health demands; appreciation and reinforcement of achievements and collective actions; recovery of the local community's culture and habits; and HP advocacy in PHC.

Esse artigo tem como objetivo analisar as práticas de Promoção da Saúde (PS), realizadas na Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS), capazes de se constituírem como ações de resistência e contraconduta à governamentalidade neoliberal. Realizamos uma pesquisa de campo, descritiva e exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa, no contexto da APS de um município do sul do Brasil. Foram entrevistados 23 trabalhadores. Os resultados apontam possibilidades a serem exploradas para potencializar a PS na APS: o fortalecimento das atividades formativas no âmbito das unidades de saúde; a problematização dos Determinantes Sociais da Saúde; os métodos de fomento à participação; a coletivização das demandas em saúde; a valorização e reforço das conquistas e das ações coletivas; o resgate da cultura e de hábitos comunitários locais; e, o advocacy pela PS na APS.

Tuberculosis in prison inmates in Southern Brazil: investigating the epidemiological and operational indicators

ABSTRACT Background: Tuberculosis is a worldwide public health problem and is more prevalent in specific populations, such as prisoners. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological and operational indicators of tuberculosis in prisoners in a southern region of Brazil. Methods: This was a descriptive, observational study, utilizing secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System on tuberculosis cases diagnosed in prisoners in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, from 2014 to 2018. Prisoner data used to calculate incidence were extracted from reports by the National Penitentiary Department. Results: From 2014 to 2018, 3,557 tuberculosis cases were reported in Rio Grande do Sul prisoners. The incidence rate of tuberculosis in prisoners was 1,235/100,000 individuals in 2014 and 1,430/100,000 individuals in 2018. The proportion of new TB cases tested for HIV was high, 83.4% in this period; among those tested, 12.9% were HIV coinfected. The proportion of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis confirmed by laboratory criteria was 52.6% in this period. In total, 18.4% of new pulmonary tuberculosis cases were initiated on directly observed treatment in this period, and 36.4% of contacts of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis with laboratory confirmation were examined. Among retreatment pulmonary tuberculosis cases, 82.4% were laboratory-confirmed. Conclusions: Tuberculosis incidence is increasing on a per-capita and absolute basis in Rio Grande do Sul. Laboratory confirmation, HIV testing, directly observed treatment, and contact investigation rates were all low, indicating the need to improve medical and public health measures for tuberculosis control in prisons.