Labour market participation among rehabilitated individuals with spinal cord injury in Brazil: a cross-sectional study.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE: To document the labour market participation rate and investigate the impact of social and economic characteristics on this outcome among individuals with spinal cord injury or disease (SCI/D) who participated in a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme in Brazil. SETTING: A specialised rehabilitation centre in southern Brazil. METHODS: An interview was performed with former rehabilitation clients with SCI/D. A total of 111 community-dwelling individuals with SCI/D who had been previously rehabilitated in a large regional rehabilitation centre were considered. Employment status and demographic, injury, work, and economic characteristics were self-reported via interview. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: The labour market participation rate was 21.6% (24 individuals). Five respondents were employed in formal work activities, and the other 19 were involved in informal activities (self-employed). Since the onset of injury, a shorter time was associated with nonparticipation in occupational work. Individuals with a higher level of education were more likely to be working. Household income was higher among the participants who had returned to work than among those who had not returned. CONCLUSION: There is a relatively low labour market participation rate among rehabilitated individuals with SCI/D in southern Brazil. The rehabilitation services should emphasise vocational training, access to education, and employment support for individuals with SCI/D from early onset after the injury. Public policies must be revised to support labour market participation among individuals with SCI/D in Brazil.

Predictors for Screen Time Exposure among Children between 3 and 5 Years Old in Southern Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The use of technology is an increasingly common practice among preschoolers. Little is known about the relationship between screen time exposure (STE) and aspects related to family and the environment. AIM: The aim is to characterize STE in Brazilian children aged between 3 and 5 years. Furthermore, the objective of this study is to associate the STE of children and of their parents with sociodemographic variables. METHODS: Children aged between 3 and 5 years from southern Brazil and their parents participated in this study. To investigate STE, the researchers developed a specific questionnaire. To compare STE between age groups, the Kruskal-Wallis test was performed, followed by Dunn's post hoc test. Spearman's correlation and linear regression were used to correlate the variables. RESULTS: Children (n = 237) spend an average of 3.7 ± 0.8 h/day in front of screens. The STE of children had a moderately positive correlation with the STE of their parents (r = 0.4; p-value < 0.001). Only the variables of the children's and parents' STE had a significant and positive association. The model is significant (F = 6164, p-value < 0.001) and the residuals of the model met the necessary assumptions, with normal distribution, constant variance and without the presence of outliers. CONCLUSION: Children in southern Brazil remain in front of screens four times longer than the recommended amount of time. It was also found that the STE of parents directly influences that of their children.

Factors leading to increased operational costs in a public hospital in São Paulo, Brazil / Fatores determinantes para o aumento dos custos operacionais em um hospital público de São Paulo, Brasil

Objectives: To quantify the operational costs of a municipal public hospital in the city of São Paulo (Brazil) and to identify factors that led to cost increases during the year of 2016 using the absorption method. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted between January and December of 2016 at Vila Santa Catarina Municipal Hospital, a public tertiary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Results: We identified and analyzed a total of 8702 inpatient data. Average day cost per patient was US$ 949, with a median of US$ 1,825, and a total operating cost of US$ 48,743,847. Transplant patients showed the highest median costs, while pregnant women had the lowest median costs, 69.9% of the 8,702 hospitalized patients was above the mean cost of US$ 3,068 registered for 2016. Age was associated with a 6.6% increase in cost for each one-year increase in age, while the cost associated with female patients was 1.1 times that of men. Patients who died in the hospital were 8 times more likely to cost more than patients who were discharged from the hospital. Oncology, transplant, and clinical-surgical patients had 18.8 times the cost of patients in the maternity unit, respectively. Conclusion: We identify the operating costs of the Vila Santa Catarina Municipal Hospital, where the average cost for the operation of the unit was US$ 133.179. The cost per patient was US$ 1,825.91. We also concluded as to the second objective that the cost increase factors were age and death.

Objetivos: Quantificar os custos operacionais de um hospital público municipal da cidade de São Paulo (Brasil) e identificar fatores determinantes no aumento de custos durante o ano de 2016. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo realizado entre janeiro e dezembro de 2016 no Hospital Municipal Vila Santa Catarina, um hospital público terciário em São Paulo, Brasil. Resultados: Identificamos e analisamos um total de 8.702 dados de pacientes internados. O custo médio paciente-dia foi de US$ 949, com mediana de US$ 1.825 e um custo operacional de US$ 48.743.847. O transplante teve os maiores custos médios, enquanto as gestantes apresentaram os menores, 69,9% dos 8.702 pacientes hospitalizados estavam acima do custo médio de US $ 3.068 registrado em 2016. A idade foi associada a um aumento de 6,6% no custo para cada aumento de um ano na idade, enquanto o custo associado ao sexo feminino pacientes foi 1,1 vez maior do que os homens. Os pacientes que morreram no hospital tiveram uma probabilidade 8 vezes maior de custar mais do que os pacientes que receberam alta do hospital. Pacientes oncológicos, transplantes e clínico-cirúrgicos apresentaram 18,8 vezes o custo dos pacientes na maternidade, respectivamente. Conclusão: Identificamos os custos operacionais do Hospital Municipal de Vila Santa Catarina, onde o custo médio para a operação da unidade foi de US$ 133.179. O custo por paciente foi de US$ 1.825,91. Também concluímos quanto ao segundo objetivo que os fatores de aumento de custo foram idade e morte.

Caracterização do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor em lactentes com fibrose cística / Characterization of neuropsychomotor development in babies with cystic fibrosis

A fibrose cística é uma exocrinopatia generalizada, apresentando diversas manifestações. Objetivo: Caracterizar o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de lactentes com o diagnóstico de fibrose cística. Método: A pesquisa foi do tipo descritiva-diagnóstica transversal, numa amostra de 14 lactentes, com idade entre 7,2 e 23,3 meses, acompanhados pelo Ambulatório de Fibrose Cística do Hospital Infantil Joana de Gusmão (SC). O desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor foi avaliado através da Escala de Desenvolvimento Psicomotor da Primeira Infância de Brunet-Lezine. O estado nutricional foi calculado utilizando-se o critério de Gómez e os dados da história clínica e biopsicossocial, coletados através de um formulário. Resultados: Os lactentes obtiveram um perfil de desenvolvimento dentro da normalidade média nas áreas postural e social, assim como na global. Quanto às áreas da linguagem e coordenação oculomotriz, a amostra obteve escores dentro da normalidade baixa. Houve uma correlação negativa de moderada a forte entre o tempo de internação do lactente e seu quociente de desenvolvimento e se pode relacionar o grau de desnutrição e os quocientes de desenvolvimento. Os demais dados coletados não apresentaram influências sobre o QDG dos lactentes. Conclusão: A presença de atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor foi evidenciada em lactentes com fibrose cística, podendo estar associada ao tempo de internação hospitalar e à ocorrência de desnutrição. Este estudo está entre os primeiros a caracterizar o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de lactentes portadores de fibrose cística, havendo necessidade de novos estudos que confirmem as relações causais entre as variáveis intervenientes ao desenvolvimento de fibrocísticos.