Morfogênese do capim faixa-branca submetido à adubação nitrogenada / Morphogenesis of digit grass submitted to nitrogen fertilization

Objetivou-se avaliar as características morfogênicas, estruturais e produtivas do capim Faixa-Branca (Digitaria eriantha) submetido à adubação nitrogenada, no período de janeiro a maio de 2014. Foram avaliadas cinco doses de nitrogênio: 0; 100; 200; 300 e 500 kg/ha. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. A adubação nitrogena-da não influenciou o comprimento final das folhas, a taxa de senescência foliar, o número de folhas vivas por perfilho, a altura das plantas e a relação folha:colmo do capim Faixa-Branca. As taxas de aparecimento e de alongamento de folhas, a densidade populacional de perfilhos e os acúmulos de forragem, de folhas, de colmos e de material morto do capim Faixa-Branca foram influenciados pelas doses de nitrogênio, ajustando-se a uma equação quadrática pelas doses de nitrogênio, em que a maior quantidade de nitrogênio aplicada aumentou os valores destas taxas, atingindo pon-tos de máximo com doses entre 300 e 400 kg/ha. O filocrono e a duração de vida das folhas foram afetados de maneira quadrática negativa pelas doses de nitrogênio. De maneira semelhante, o aumento na quantidade de nitrogênio aplicada diminuiu os valores destas taxas, atingindo pontos de mínimo com doses entre 300 e 400 kg/ha, segundo as respectivas equações ajustadas. A taxa de alongamento de colmo aumentou linearmente com a dose de nitrogênio. O capim Faixa-Branca apresenta maior renovação de tecidos e produtividade quando adubado. A melhoria nas caracte-rísticas produtivas do capim Faixa-Branca atingem valores máximos com doses de nitrogênio em torno de 300 kg/ha...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphogenetic, structural and produc-tive characteristics of digit grass (Digitaria eriantha) submitted to nitrogen fertilization from Janu-ary to May 2014. Five nitrogen doses were evaluated: 0, 100, 200, 300 and 500 kg/ha. A randomized block design with four replicates was used. Nitrogen fertilization did not influence the final leaf length, leaf senescence rate, number of live leaves per tiller, plant height, or leaf:stem ratio of digit grass. The leaf emergence and elongation rates, tiller population density and forage, leaf stem and dead material accumulation rates were influenced by the nitrogen doses, fitting a quadratic equation in which the highest nitrogen dose applied increased these rates, with the maximum rates being reached at doses of 300 to 400 kg/ha. The nitrogen doses exerted a negative quadratic effect on the phyllochron and leaf lifespan, in which these rates decreased with increasing nitrogen dose, reaching minimum values at doses of 300 to 400 kg/ha according to the respective equations. The stem elongation rate increased linearly with increasing nitrogen dose. Fertilization increases the tissue renewal and productivity of digit grass. The improvement in the productive characteristics of digit grass reaches maximum values at nitrogen doses of about 300 kg/ha...

Morfogênese do capim faixa-branca submetido à adubação nitrogenada / Morphogenesis of digit grass submitted to nitrogen fertilization

Objetivou-se avaliar as características morfogênicas, estruturais e produtivas do capim Faixa-Branca (Digitaria eriantha) submetido à adubação nitrogenada, no período de janeiro a maio de 2014. Foram avaliadas cinco doses de nitrogênio: 0; 100; 200; 300 e 500 kg/ha. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. A adubação nitrogena-da não influenciou o comprimento final das folhas, a taxa de senescência foliar, o número de folhas vivas por perfilho, a altura das plantas e a relação folha:colmo do capim Faixa-Branca. As taxas de aparecimento e de alongamento de folhas, a densidade populacional de perfilhos e os acúmulos de forragem, de folhas, de colmos e de material morto do capim Faixa-Branca foram influenciados pelas doses de nitrogênio, ajustando-se a uma equação quadrática pelas doses de nitrogênio, em que a maior quantidade de nitrogênio aplicada aumentou os valores destas taxas, atingindo pon-tos de máximo com doses entre 300 e 400 kg/ha. O filocrono e a duração de vida das folhas foram afetados de maneira quadrática negativa pelas doses de nitrogênio. De maneira semelhante, o aumento na quantidade de nitrogênio aplicada diminuiu os valores destas taxas, atingindo pontos de mínimo com doses entre 300 e 400 kg/ha, segundo as respectivas equações ajustadas. A taxa de alongamento de colmo aumentou linearmente com a dose de nitrogênio. O capim Faixa-Branca apresenta maior renovação de tecidos e produtividade quando adubado. A melhoria nas caracte-rísticas produtivas do capim Faixa-Branca atingem valores máximos com doses de nitrogênio em torno de 300 kg/ha...(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphogenetic, structural and produc-tive characteristics of digit grass (Digitaria eriantha) submitted to nitrogen fertilization from Janu-ary to May 2014. Five nitrogen doses were evaluated: 0, 100, 200, 300 and 500 kg/ha. A randomized block design with four replicates was used. Nitrogen fertilization did not influence the final leaf length, leaf senescence rate, number of live leaves per tiller, plant height, or leaf:stem ratio of digit grass. The leaf emergence and elongation rates, tiller population density and forage, leaf stem and dead material accumulation rates were influenced by the nitrogen doses, fitting a quadratic equation in which the highest nitrogen dose applied increased these rates, with the maximum rates being reached at doses of 300 to 400 kg/ha. The nitrogen doses exerted a negative quadratic effect on the phyllochron and leaf lifespan, in which these rates decreased with increasing nitrogen dose, reaching minimum values at doses of 300 to 400 kg/ha according to the respective equations. The stem elongation rate increased linearly with increasing nitrogen dose. Fertilization increases the tissue renewal and productivity of digit grass. The improvement in the productive characteristics of digit grass reaches maximum values at nitrogen doses of about 300 kg/ha...(AU)

Acute hepatitis due to dengue virus in a chronic hepatitis patient

We present a case of acute hepatitis caused by dengue virus, with a significant increase in aspartate transferase and alanine transferase levels in a chronic hepatitis patient attended at the Cane Sugar Planters Hospital of Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ.

Acute hepatitis due to dengue virus in a chronic hepatitis patient.

We present a case of acute hepatitis caused by dengue virus, with a significant increase in aspartate transferase and alanine transferase levels in a chronic hepatitis patient attended at the Cane Sugar Planters Hospital of Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ.

Production of interferon-gamma by natural killer cells and aging in chronic human schistosomiasis.

BACKGROUND: Aging is associated with several alterations in the phenotype, repertoire and activation status of lymphocytes as well as in the cytokine profile produced by these cells. As a lifelong condition, chronic parasitic diseases such as human schistosomiasis overlaps with the aging process and no systematic study has yet addressed the changes in immune response during infection with Schistosoma mansoni in older individuals. AIM: Herein we study the influence of immunological alterations brought about by senescence in the course of schistosomiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Individuals 10-95 years of age, from both sexes, from an endemic area for S. mansoni infection were matched by intensity of infection as measured by egg counts. We analyzed, as a parameter, cytokine expression by lymphocytes and natural killer cells after in vitro stimulation with soluble egg antigen and soluble worm antigen using flow cytometry. RESULTS: We demonstrated that the frequency of CD16+ interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)+ natural killer cells in negative individuals over the age of 70 years is significantly higher than in positive individuals after in vitro stimulation with S. mansoni antigen extracts. The frequency of these cells is increased in all individuals over the age of 50 years and only declines in positive individuals after 70 years of age. Analysis of either CD4? or CD8? cells after antigen stimulation show no significant increase in frequency of IFN-gamma in negative or in positive individuals of this age group, suggesting that the effect on CD16+ cells is not T-cell dependent. CONCLUSION: Since production of IFN-gamma has been related to resistance to schistosome infection, our data suggest that age-associated changes in CD16+ cells may play a role in controlling infection intensity in the elderly in S. mansoni endemic areas of Brazil.

Effect of platelet-activating factor antagonists (BN-52021, WEB-2170, and BB-882) on bacterial translocation in acute pancreatitis.

Bacterial translocation is an important source of pancreas infection in acute pancreatitis. The effect of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis has been proved in various studies. The aim of this study was to determine whether potent PAF antagonists influence bacterial translocation in acute pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis was induced in 62 Wistar rats by injection of 2.5% sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct. The rats treated with PAF factor antagonists received intravenous injection of WEB-2170 (10 mg/kg), lexipafant (5 mg/kg), and BN-52021 (5 mg/kg) 30 minutes before induction of acute pancreatitis. Six hours after induction of acute pancreatitis, bacteriologic cultures and histologic scoring of tissues were performed. There was a statistically significant reduction in bacterial translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes and liver but not to the pancreas of the rats treated with PAF antagonists. No significant increase in the intestinal bacterial population of any group was found. There were no statistical differences between the pancreatic histologic scores of the groups. PAF antagonists reduced bacterial translocation to distant sites other than the pancreas, preventing the bacterial dissemination that occurs in the early phase of acute pancreatitis and may have beneficial effects on the evolution of this disease.

[A family's experience of home accidents--report of an experience]. / A família vivenciando o acidente doméstico--relato de uma experiência.

This study aims at knowing the behaviour of the family facing the home accidents among children, identifying the risk factors in the home environment, in the family's perception and analysing the socioeconomic-cultural context contributing to the occurrence of children's home accident. The work was made in a family that had experienced a case of poisoning of a 4 year-old child. Participant observation and the semi-structured interview were used as methodology. The results evidenced that the family constantly lives among children's home accidents and the socioeconomic-cultural context has a strong influence in the amount and quality of these cases.

[Bibliographic review of children's accidents]. / Revisão bibliográfica sobre acidentes com crianças.

The study's proposal was to evidence a bibliography review about children' accidents. The bibliography and documental researches were used as methodology. The data made clear that children accidents are the bigger public health problem in England. In the United States, in 1989, had happened about 2,700 deaths as accident results in children under 14 years old. In Brazil has been registered high index of attendance at pediatric emergencies that involves home accidents. It has been concluded that these cases have been increasing and they need special attention and preventive approach.

[Nobody wants to lose a child--nurses' observations of family reactions]. / Ninguém quer perder um filho--reações dos familiares observadas pela enfermagem.

The presence of veterinary products in the houses without any minimum security procedures has led to a poisoning case for a one-year old child who developed a serious systemic reaction. This child was interned at a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at a public hospital in Fortaleza, Ceara. This study aims at identifying the family reaction facing a poisoning of a child and analyzing these reactions, interpreting its social cultural context. It has been developed as an ethnographic study case, consisting of the exploration, decision and discovery phases. It has been observed through the results that the family recognizes the existence of risk factors in home environment but does not adopt any coherent preventive methods with this experience. We do believe that these occurrences reduction demand transforming educative actions which may lead the family to be conscious towards the problematic that concerns poisoning for children, occurred under their responsibility.