Assuntos
Infecções por Astroviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Astroviridae/virologia , Mamastrovirus/classificação , Mamastrovirus/genética , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Fezes/virologia , Feminino , Gastroenterite/virologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Mamastrovirus/isolamento & purificação , RNA Viral/genéticaRESUMO
The human adenovirus (HAdV) infection can cause severe disease in immunocompromised patients, such as those undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (ASCT). The main objective of this study was to prospectively monitor ASCT recipients for HAdV occurrence in a reference center in Brazil, and also to correlate viral positivity, viral load, molecular variant, clinical symptoms, and patients' prognosis. From October/2012 to October/2014, blood and feces of 21 ASCT recipients were screened for HAdV by Nested-PCR. Viral loads were determined by real-time PCR. In total, 57% of the patients had at least one positive sample (serum or feces) for HAdV. Patients presented significantly higher viral load in feces when compared to serum. Positive samples were characterized as HAdVs of species HAdV-C, -D, and -F. The main clinical symptom presented by infected patients was diarrhea, and Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was the main intercurrence. An association was observed between HAdV-positivity and diarrhea and also between HAdV-positivity and GVHD. Results from this study may contribute to a better understanding of the HAdV infection pattern in patients submitted to ASCT. Data therein highlight the importance of including HAdV testing during all routine laboratory exams performed on ASCT patients. J. Med. Virol. 89:298-303, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assuntos
Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/epidemiologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco/efeitos adversos , Transplantados , Transplante Homólogo/efeitos adversos , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/patologia , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/virologia , Adenovírus Humanos/classificação , Adenovírus Humanos/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Sangue/virologia , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diarreia/virologia , Fezes/virologia , Feminino , Genótipo , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Carga Viral , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Noroviruses (NoVs) are an important cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE), worldwide. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the frequency, viral load and molecular profile of NoV in fecal and nasopharyngeal swab samples from hospitalized children, and to determine children's secretor status. STUDY DESIGN: From May 2014 to May 2015, 219 children were included in the study, 96 with gastroenteric symptoms and 123 without gastroenteric symptoms. All fecal and nasopharyngeal swab samples were screened by TaqMan RT-qPCR duplex (GI/GII NoV) and quality samples were characterized by genomic sequencing. RESULTS: Norovirus positivity rate in feces was 15.4% in asymptomatic and 18.8% in the symptomatic group. The median viral loads in feces were 2.69×108GC/g and 4.32×107GC/g from children with or without AGE symptoms, respectively. In nasopharyngeal swab samples, the NoV positivity was 11.4% in symptomatic children, with a median viral load of 2.20×107GC/mL and 6.5% in asymptomatic children, with an average viral load of 1.73×106GC/mL. In only two cases NoV was detected in both samples. A considerable genomic variability was observed in feces, with six genotypes being detected, as follows: GII.4, GII.6, GI.3 and GII.3, GI.2 and GI.5. Two GI.3 was detected in nasopharyngeal swab. CONCLUSIONS: Our data reveal considerable NoV frequencies in both nasopharyngeal and fecal samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic children. Higher viral loads were detected in samples from AGE symptomatic children, when compared to asymptomatic children. High genomic variability was observed, with this being the first report of GI.5 NoV in Brazil and of GI.3 in nasopharyngeal swab samples.
Assuntos
Infecções por Caliciviridae/virologia , Fezes/virologia , Genótipo , Nasofaringe/virologia , Norovirus/classificação , Norovirus/isolamento & purificação , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Norovirus/genética , Prevalência , RNA Viral/análise , RNA Viral/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Carga Viral , Eliminação de Partículas ViraisRESUMO
Caliciviruses (Norovirus and Sapovirus) are important causes of acute gastroenteritis, with Norovirus (NoV) considered the leading cause of epidemic non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis; however, molecular and epidemiological data of the circulating Calicivirus (CV) strains among day-care children are still considered scarce. The role of asymptomatic CV excretion on viral transmission also remains poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to monitor the occurrence of NoV and Sapovirus (SaV) in a day-care center and to describe the molecular epidemiology of the circulating strains. Genomic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the capsid region were carried out in CV positive samples obtained from children younger than 5 years, with or without diarrhea, between October 2009 and October 2011. A total of 539 fecal samples were screened for CV. Forty-three (8%) were positive for NoV and 25 (4.6%) for SaV. Surprisingly, positivity rates for CV were significant in asymptomatic children, and virus circulation was detected in every month of the study. Great genomic diversity of CV was observed, and the circulating NoV strains were: GII.6, GII.2, GII.1, GI.7, GII.4, and GI.1. The SaV genotypes GI.1 and GI.3 were also detected. Five CV outbreaks caused by distinct viral strains were documented. This study provides an insight on the genetic diversity of CV in a day-care in Central West Brazil, highlighting the probable role of asymptomatic viral excretion and the significance of semi-closed settings in the dissemination of these agents.