Recurrent Vulvar Carcinoma in a Skin Graft: A Case Reiort and Review of the Literature.

In recentyears, theincidence ofvul- var carcinoma has increased over 400%, specifically in the population of young women. We present a patient with an extensive history of recurrent vulvar carcinoma in situ who underwent multiple surgi- cal procedures and subsequent reconstruction with a skin graft, who then returned with a rare recur- rence in the graft. Multiple hypotheses have been proposedto explain the recurrence ofthis type ofcar- cinoma; however, none provides a solid explanation. It has been noted that the increase in the incidence of vulvar cancer correlates with the increased incidence of HPV infection; the relationship between the two has been well-established. In conclusion, we recommend close and long-term follow-up for high-risk patients with this type of neoplasm.

Isolated gastric amyloidoma in the setting of marginal zone MALT lymphoma: case report and review of the literature.

A 52-year-old female presented with hematochezia. A computed topography (CT) scan revealed diffuse proximal gastric thickening with enlarged perigastric lymph nodes. The esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) revealed a diffusely thickened gastric wall with hemorrhagic, friable mucosa, and multiple areas of ulceration. The biopsies showed diffuse amyloid deposition along with transmural proliferation of small- to medium-sized lymphocytes and plasma cells. The gastric mucosa showed lymphoepithelial lesions and chronic inactive gastritis. Immunohistochemical staining of the neoplastic lymphocytes revealed expression of CD20, bcl-2, bcl-10, Ki-67 proliferative index of 5%, and lambda light chain restriction. There was no expression of CD5, CD43, CD10, CD3, cyclin D1, and bcl-6. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry revealed an abnormal B lymphocyte population with expression of CD45, CD19, CD20, and FMC7. The histomorphological, immunohistochemical and flow cytometric features were consistent with primary gastric amyloidosis associated with extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma).

Incarcerated small bowel associated with elective abortion uterine perforation.

BACKGROUND: Uterine perforation is a rare but recognized complication of abortion. Perforations may not be recognized at the time of the procedure, and patients may present days or weeks later with sequelae of the complication. OBJECTIVES: To raise awareness of this rare complication that can present days to weeks after the precipitating event. CASE REPORT: A 21-year-old woman presented 3 weeks after an elective abortion with symptoms of bowel obstruction. Exploratory laparotomy revealed small bowel herniation into a perforated uterus, causing the obstruction. In retrospect, a pre-operative ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan suggested this finding, but it went unrecognized at that time. A small bowel resection was performed and the patient made an uneventful recovery. CONCLUSION: Intrauterine bowel after abortion has been described only a handful of times in the literature. Uterine perforation during abortion is usually asymptomatic and generally can be managed conservatively, but herniation of bowel through the uterine defect can result in obstruction and strangulation. Intrauterine bowel requires prompt laparotomy and possible resection of non-viable bowel. Although ultrasound and CT scans may aid in diagnosis of this rare complication, a clinical suspicion for uterine perforation should be maintained by health care providers when treating patients who have had an abortion.

Pulmonary complications of 9931 narrow-bore nasoenteric tubes during blind placement: a critical review.

INTRODUCTION: A critical review of the pulmonary complications associated with blind placement of narrow-bore nasoenteric tubes (NETs) is discussed. Preventive measures and placement techniques are addressed to decrease patient morbidity and mortality. METHODS: A thorough database review was conducted to identify all randomized controlled and retrospective trials specifically addressing pulmonary complications from narrow-bore NET placement. Five unique studies, comprising more than 9900 NET placements, were identified. On the basis of the literature reviewed, the authors identified 3 major complications associated with blind NET placement: patient mortality directly resulting from NET misplacement, incidence of tracheopulmonary malpositioning, and correlation between NET misplacement and mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: Of the 9931 NET placements reviewed, there were 187 total improper tube placements in the tracheobronchial tree, which translates to a 1.9% mean overall malposition rate. Of these 187 misplacements, there were 35 (18.7%) reported pneumothoraces, at least 5 of which resulted in patient death. NET malpositioning was reported in 13%-32% of subsequent repositioning attempts. This increased risk exposes the patient population to a cumulative mortality from tracheobronchial malpositioning approaching >20%. Unexpectedly, of the 187 total misplacements, 113 (60.4%) of the patients were mechanically ventilated. CONCLUSIONS: Practitioners need to be aware of the potential for pulmonary complications associated with blind NET placement. Changes in institutional protocol should be considered to minimize unnecessary risks. As with any procedure, experienced personnel should be primarily used for tube placement and responsible for assisting others with less familiarity to learn the proper methods.

Did too much Wii cause your patient's injury?

Motion-controlled game consoles like Wii may be used to play virtual sports, but the injuries associated with them are real. Here's what to watch for--and a handy table linking specific games to particular injuries.

The Wunderlich's syndrome secondary to massive bilateral angiomyolipomas associated with advanced tuberous sclerosis.

The Wunderlich Syndrome refers to spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage often associated with underlying renal pathology. We report the case of a 23-year-old female with advanced tuberous sclerosis who presented in hypovolemic shock secondary to rupture of one of her massive bilateral angiomyolipomas (AMLs). The patient was able to be managed conservatively and subsequently retained full renal function. A review of the literature with a discussion of types of clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and methods of management of AMLs is included.

Aberrant mesoappendix vasculature: a unique cause of partial small bowel obstruction.

Small bowel obstructions are most frequently caused by hernias or adhesive bands. However, there have been several rare reported cases of mechanical small bowel obstructions caused by loops of bowel or vascular bands. We describe a case of a 30-year-old woman with a clinical presentation suggestive of appendicitis. Laparoscopic evaluation showed an aberrant vessel looping around the small bowel extending from the lateral anterior abdominal wall to the mesoappendix, resulting in a partial small bowel obstruction. We review the literature relating to bowel obstructions resulting from bowel knots and vascular bands. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a small bowel obstruction caused by an aberrant intraabdominal vessel.

Late presentation of a mucinous ovarian adenocarcinoma which was initially diagnosed as a primary pancreatic carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: Adenocarcinoma of the ovary is an aggressive neoplasm which often metastasizes to the lung or liver. Metastases rarely occur to the pancreas, but a tissue diagnosis is required to confirm this event. Although most tumors of the pancreas are primary pancreatic neoplasms, metastatic lesions have been reported most commonly as arising from renal cell carcinoma. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 51-year-old Caucasian woman with ovarian mucinous adenocarcinoma with metastasis to the head of the pancreas that was originally misdiagnosed as a pancreatic primary tumor. CONCLUSION: Mucinous ovarian adenocarcinomas rarely metastasize to the pancreas. New pancreatic lesions should be investigated through tissue biopsy and tumor markers, while keeping an open-minded differential diagnosis to avoid a misdiagnosis or a delay in treatment.

Rectal trauma and associated hemorrhage with the use of the ConvaTec Flexi-Seal fecal management system: report of 3 cases.

The management of fecal incontinence is a struggle to maintain patient hygiene and limit the transmission of nosocomial infections. Intrarectal devices that cause diversion and collection of the fecal stream have been used with increasing frequency. This method can effectively control patient waste if used in an appropriate setting. We examine a series of 3 patients in whom rectal trauma resulting in life-threatening hemorrhage was associated with use of the ConvaTec Flexi-Seal fecal management system. In 2 patients there was a history of traumatic removal, and the third developed a rectal pressure ulcer associated with use of this device. All 3 patients required surgical or endoscopic intervention to achieve hemostasis. Although effective, the Flexi-Seal fecal management system should be used with caution to avoid rectal trauma. Injury is most likely to occur because of traumatic removal or rectal ulceration secondary to pressure necrosis.

Cecal volvulus in a multiple-gestation pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Intestinal obstruction during pregnancy is rare, with volvulus being responsible for about 25% of cases. CASE: We present a case in which a woman in the 12th week of a twin gestation presented with abdominal pain and distension. She was initially diagnosed with an ileus, and radiological studies at the time were deferred. The patient's symptoms worsened, and eventually she was taken to surgery for a diagnostic laparoscopy, which revealed a cecal volvulus with ischemic changes. A right hemicolectomy with primary anastomosis was performed. CONCLUSION: Volvulus in pregnancy carries a high mortality rate, often because diagnosis is delayed due to avoidance of radiography and because of similarity of symptoms to other clinical entities. A high index of suspicion for volvulus must be maintained when a pregnant patient presents with obstructive symptoms. Abdominal radiographs may be justified in aiding the diagnosis, and diagnostic laparoscopy is a viable alternative when the patient has an acute abdomen.

Wii have a problem: a review of self-reported Wii related injuries.

PURPOSE: The increasing popularity of the Wii video game console has been associated with a number of gameplay related traumas. We sought to investigate if there were any identifiable injury patterns associated with Wii use. METHODS: Utilising a database of self-reported Wii related injuries, the data was categorised by type of injury and game title being played at the time of injury. FINDINGS: We found that of 39 reported Wii related injuries over a two-year span, 46% occurred while playing the Wii Sports Tennis software. Further, we identified 14 distinct injury patterns sustained during gameplay. Of these injuries, hand lacerations were the most common, accounting for 44% of the total number of reported cases. CONCLUSIONS: Injury associated with video game play is not unique to the Wii, nor is it a new phenomenon. However, the Wii console appears to have a higher rate of associated injuries than traditional game consoles because of its unique user interface. We review the literature and discuss some of the medical complications associated with the Wii and other video game consoles.

A unique case of ovarian psammocarcinoma with mediastinal, pulmonary, subcutaneous, and omental metastases.

Psammocarcinoma is a rare form of serous ovarian and peritoneal carcinoma, characterized by abundant psammoma bodies, invasiveness, and low-grade cytological features. Many of the cases which have been reported had extraovarian spread and peritoneal seeding at the time of presentation. We present a case of 45-year-old woman with ovarian psammocarcinoma who initially presented with a metastatic subcutaneous nodule, and was found to have pulmonary and mediastinal metastases. We believe this to be the first report of a psammocarcinoma with these metastases. Ovarian and peritoneal psammocarcinomas are quite rare, and because of this, knowledge of their behavior is limited. Although most seem to follow an indolent course similar to that of borderline lesions of the ovary, this case demonstrates that some of these tumors may be clinically aggressive with distant metastases.

Ischemic volvulus of the transverse colon: A case report and review of literature.

A 75-year old male presented to the emergency room with worsening abdominal pain and distension. Plain radiographs were suggestive of a large bowel obstruction due to volvulus. An attempt to detorse the volvulus and decompress the colon endoscopically failed, after which the patient was taken for an exploratory laparotomy. A transverse colon volvulus was found, and an extended right hemicolectomy and ileostomy was performed. We discuss the diagnosis and management of transverse colon volvulus and review the pertinent literature.