[The role of artificial intelligence in assessing the progression of fibrosing lung diseases].

INTRODUCTION: The widespread use of artificial intelligence (AI) programs during the COVID-19 pandemic to assess the exact volume of lung tissue damage has allowed them to train a large number of radiologists. The simplicity of the program for determining the volume of the affected lung tissue in acute interstitial pneumonia, which has density indicators in the range from -200 HU to -730 HU, which includes the density indicators of "ground glass" and reticulation (the main radiation patterns in COVID-19) allows you to accurately determine the degree of prevalence process. The characteristics of chronic interstitial pneumonia, which are progressive in nature, fit into the same density framework. Аim. To аssess AI's ability to assess the progression of fibrosing lung disease using lung volume counting programs used for COVID-19 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. RESULTS: Retrospective analysis of computed tomography data during follow-up of 75 patients with progressive fibrosing lung disease made it possible to assess the prevalence and growth of interstitial lesions. CONCLUSION: Using the experience of using AI programs to assess acute interstitial pneumonia in COVID-19 can be applied to chronic interstitial pneumonia.

[Computed tomography in the assessment of causes of restrictive lung disorders in patients with pulmonary histiocytosis X].

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the capabilities of computed tomography (CT) in revealing the anatomic causes of restrictive lung changes in patients with pulmonary histiocytosis X. SUBJECT AND METHODS: The results of examining 36 patients with pulmonary histiocytosis X, who underwent comprehensive functional study of external respiration (CRSER), CT, and high-performance CT (HPCT), were analyzed. RESULTS: According to the results of CRSER, the authors identified a group of patients with restrictive ventilation disorders, which included 7 men and 1 woman. The most common cause of restrictive disorders was generalized fibrous changes in lung tissue, which fails to result in its expansion. Multiple cysts were another cause of restrictive disorders in 2 patients. Fusion of individual cysts into large ones and the formation of a great number of paradoxically ventilated cysts were the third cause of restrictive disorders in pulmonary histiocytosis X, which was identified during HPCT. CONCLUSION: Comprehensive morphofunctional examination involving CRSER and high-resolution CT can reveal the unfavorable course of pulmonary histiocytosis X with the restrictive type of lesion.

[Differential diagnosis of lymphoid infiltrates in the lungs].

Clinico-morphological and immuno-histological data on 15 cases of marked lymphocytic lung tissue infiltration are presented. The nature of B- and T-lymphocyte distribution, their proliferative activity as well as patterns of distribution of cells synthesizing light chains of immunoglobulins are described. In 12 cases, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia was diagnosed; it featured distinct boundaries between zones of B- and T-lymphocytes of proliferating and resting cells. However, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (MALT) detected in 3 cases lacked such a pattern. That might be interpreted as a marker of the particular pathology.

[Potentialities of multispiral computed tomography in the diagnostics of pathological alterations of the colon].

The work describes an experience with using different methods of multispiral computed tomography in the diagnosis and differential diagnostics of pathological changes in the colon of patients of colonoproctological profile. Methodical variations of the computed tomography investigations are described in patients with localization of tumors in different parts of the intestine.

[The potential of surgical and bronchoscopic treatment of idiopathic scarry stenoses of the trachea].

Tracheolaryngeal resection is indicated for treatment of idiopathic scarry stenosis of the trachea with destruction of the cartilaginous tracheal semi-rings and cricoid cartilage. The proximity of anastomosis to the vocal folds does not influence the function of the vocal folds, if all technical peculiarities of the operation are observed. The bronchoscopic elimination of the scarry stenosis using laser dissection of the fibrous tissue, bougieurage and temporary endoprosthesis with a silicon T-shape stent is indicated in case of the saved integrity of the cartilaginous carcass of the trachea and larynx.