Vulnerability of the Brazilian LGBT population in HIV treatment.

INTRODUCTION: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection affects the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transvestite, and transsexual (LGBT) population. We aimed to identify the indidual vulnerability profile of the LGBT population ling with H/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and correlate it with the treatment situation. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study included 510 LGBT people living with HIV (PLHIV)/AIDS who attended the Complex of Chronic Communicable Diseases of the municipality of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, between 2008 and 2015. RESULTS: There was a predominance of indiduals who were white (70.2%), male (98.4%), single (87.1%), aged 25-44 years (70.0%), educated up to high school (47.7%), economically acte (91.2%), under treatment (80.8%), having CD4 > 350 cells/mm3 (77.1%), and having undetectable viral load (53.3%). HIV transmission was mainly sexual (97.0%) and most people used drugs (76.5%). There was a weak correlation between the variables 'in treatment' and acte occupation (r = 0.148, p = 0.001), single marital status (r = 0.128, p = 0.004), white race/colour (r = 0.117, p = 0.008), high school education (r = 0.111, p = 0.012), sexual transmission (r = 0.222, p = 0.000), drug use (r = 0.087, p = 0.049), and CD4 > 350 cells/mm3 (r = 0.118, p = 0.008); and strong correlation between the variables 'in treatment' and undetectable viral load (r = -0.937, p = 0.113). CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics of the indidual vulnerability of LGBT people involve, among other aspects, issues of gender and social exclusion, a situation that is part of the daily life of PLHIV/AIDS in many scenarios and territories. This can be alleviated with a network of social and health support and effecte and efficient, protecte, attitudinal, and behavioural public policies.

[Access to diagnosis of tuberculosis in Brazilian medium-sized municipality]. / Acesso ao diagnóstico da tuberculose em município brasileiro de médio porte.

OBJETIVO: Evaluating access to tuberculosis diagnosis, from the perspective of patients. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 108 tuberculosis patients. Data were collected using the brazilian instrument Primary Care Assessment Tool - PCAT-Brazil, adapted for attention to tuberculosis, including socio-economic and demographic indicators, location of diagnosis and diagnostic access tuberculosis. The analysis of the data was of frequency, average, standard deviation, confidence interval and Chi-square test. RESULTS: Most cases were diagnosed in hospitals (52.8%). The patient sought the Health Unit on average three times until receiving medical care. The indicators of difficulty of displacement, expenditure on motorized transport and consultation within 24 hours to discover the disease were not satisfactory and regular. The chi-square test showed a statistical association between diagnosis location and seeking the nearest health unit from home. CONCLUSIONS: There are weaknesses in the early diagnosis of tuberculosis in primary care. There are many challenges to be faced to strengthen this level of health care, with organizational capacity to overcome the shortcomings related to the patient and the service that make it difficult to access the diagnosis of the disease.

Puerperae bonding with their children and labor experiences.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the degree of bonding of puerperae with their babies, both in isolation and associated with experiences during and after labor. METHODS: A cross-sectional study carried out among 200 puerperae in São José do Rio Preto, Brazil. To evaluate the mother-child bond, we used the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS). RESULTS: The mean age of puerperae was 26.4 years; most women were white (60.0%), were married (87.5%), and had an elementary education (51.5%). Most deliveries were cesarean (80.0% of cases); 68.0% of women had no pain during labor, and only 54% had skin-to-skin contact immediately after delivery. Type of labor and pain did not significantly change the maternal bond, and the lack of skin-to-skin contact negatively influenced the bond. CONCLUSIONS: Pueperae participants had a high degree of bonding with their babies that is mainly related to history of skin-to-skin contact. Nurses must promote strategies that encourage skin-to-skin contact between mother and newborn in the delivery room.

Impact of educational group strategy to improve clinical and glycemic parameters in individuals with diabetes and hypertension / Impacto de la estrategia de grupo educativo en el mejoramiento de parámetros clínicos y glicémicos de diabéticos e hipertensos / Impacto da estratégia de grupo educativo no melhoramento de parâmetros clínicos e glicêmicos de diabéticos e hipertensos

Objective.To evaluate the impact of an educational group strategy to improve clinical and glycemic parameters in individuals with diabetes and hypertension. Methods. This descriptive prospective study included 172 individuals living in São José do Rio Preto-SP, Brazil, who were enrolled in a well-integrated educational group called HIPERDIA (Record System for Follow-up of Hypertensive and Diabetic Individuals) coordinated by a qualified multidisciplinary team. We analyzed sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical, and laboratory data. Data were collected in the first, fifth, and eighth meeting of the educational group. Results. A total of 68.6% of patients were women, 85.4% were white, 64.0% had an incomplete basic education, 47.7% were retired, 79.7% had been diagnosed with diabetes for 6 or more years, 9.9% were smokers, and 9.9% used alcohol. Individuals' diastolic blood pressure decreased between the fifth and eighth meeting (p<0.05). Between the first and fifth meeting, both fasting glucose levels (p<0.05) and glycated hemoglobin decreased; the latter continue to drop at the fifth and eighth meetings (p<0.001). Anthropometric parameters remained unchanged. Conclusion. The results suggest that an educational group strategy is favorable for controlling diabetes mellitus and hypertension.

Objetivo.Evaluar el impacto de la estrategia de grupo educativo en el mejoramiento de parámetros clínicos y glicémicos de personas diabéticas e hipertensas. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo prospectivo realizado con 172 personas residentes en São José do Rio Preto-SP, Brasil, participantes de los grupos educativos de HIPERDIA (Sistema de Gestión Clínica de HIPERtensión Arterial y DIAbetes Mellitus en Atención Básica) coordinados por un equipo multidisciplinar cualificado y bien integrado. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas, clínicas y de laboratorio recolectadas durante la primera, quinta y la octava reunión de los grupos educativos del programa. Resultados. Las características generales de los participantes fueron: 68.6%, mujeres; 85.4%, blancos; el 64.0% no había completado la educación primaria; el 47.7% estaba jubilado; el 79.7% había sido diagnosticado con diabetes hacía 6 años y más; el 9.9% era fumador e igual porcentaje bebía alcohol. La presión arterial diastólica disminuyó entre la quinta y la octava reunión (p<0.05). Entre la primera y la quinta reunión disminuyeron los niveles de glucosa en ayunas (p<0.05) y de hemoglobina glucosilada (p<0.001); esta última continuó reduciéndose de la quinta a la octava reunión (p<0.001). Los parámetros antropométricos permanecieron sin cambios. Conclusión. La importancia de los hallazgos sugiere que la estrategia de utilizar grupos educativos tiene efecto favorable para el control de la diabetes mellitus y de la hipertensión arterial.

Objetivo.Avaliar o impacto da estratégia de grupo educativo no melhoramento de parâmetros clínicos e glicêmicos de diabéticos e hipertensos. Métodos. Estudo descritivo prospectivo realizado com 172 pessoas residentes em São José do Rio Preto - SP, Brasil, participantes dos grupos educativos de HIPERDIA (Sistema de gestão clínica de Hipertensão Arterial e Diabetes Mellitus em atenção básica) coordenados por uma equipe multidisciplinar qualificada e bem integrada. Foram analisadas variáveis sócio-demográficas, antropométricas, ​​clínicas e laboratoriais que foram coletadas na primeira, quinta e oitava reuniões dos grupos educativos do programa. Resultados. As características gerais dos participantes foram: 68.6% eram mulheres, 85.4% eram brancos, 64.0% não haviam completado o ensino fundamental, 47.7% eram aposentados, 79.7% tinham sido diagnosticados com diabetes fazia seis anos ou mais, 9.9% eram fumantes e igual porcentagem ingeriam álcool. A pressão arterial diastólica diminuiu entre a quinta e a oitava reunião (p<0.05). Entre a primeira e a quinta reunião diminuíram os níveis de glicose em jejum (p<0.05) e hemoglobina glicosilada (p<0.001); esta última continuou a cair da quinta a oitava reunião (p<0.001). Os parâmetros antropométricos permaneceram inalterados. Conclusão. A importância dos resultados sugerem que a estratégia de utilizar grupos educativos têm efeito favorável para o controle da diabetes mellitus e da hipertensão.

Impact of educational group strategy to improve clinical and glycemic parameters in individuals with diabetes and hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of an educational group strategy to improve clinical and glycemic parameters in individuals with diabetes and hypertension. METHODS: This descriptive prospective study included 172 individuals living in São José do Rio Preto-SP, Brazil, who were enrolled in a well-integrated educational group called HIPERDIA (Record System for Follow-up of Hypertensive and Diabetic Individuals) coordinated by a qualified multidisciplinary team. We analyzed sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical, and laboratory data. Data were collected in the first, fifth, and eighth meeting of the educational group. RESULTS: A total of 68.6% of patients were women, 85.4% were white, 64.0% had an incomplete basic education, 47.7% were retired, 79.7% had been diagnosed with diabetes for 6 or more years, 9.9% were smokers, and 9.9% used alcohol. Individuals' diastolic blood pressure decreased between the fifth and eighth meeting (p<0.05). Between the first and fifth meeting, both fasting glucose levels (p<0.05) and glycated hemoglobin decreased; the latter continue to drop at the fifth and eighth meetings (p<0.001). Anthropometric parameters remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that an educational group strategy is favorable for controlling diabetes mellitus and hypertension.