A Scoping Review on Learning Health Networks Available in Pediatric Surgical Specialties.

BACKGROUND: Learning health networks (LHN) are consortia of institutions that collaborate and embrace the elements of the learning health system (LHS), including quality improvement, education, research, and stakeholder involvement. Their ultimate goal is rapid information dissemination in clinical care. Pediatric surgical specialties perform unique yet high-impact procedures that could benefit from LHN, thereby improving surgical outcomes and care through LHS approaches. Consequently, health system leaders should be aware of LHN and their importance in enhancing surgical care and improving outcomes. This scoping review aims to map and characterize the existing LHN applied in pediatric surgical specialties. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed on Medline, EMBASE, and Scopus up to June 2022, with an update search conducted in May 2023. Additionally, Google Scholar, ProQuest and inquiry from topic experts were used for cross-referencing relevant review articles to identify grey literature. This scoping review was conducted and reported according to the PRISMA-scoping review extension. RESULTS: A total of 56 publications for 19 LHN were identified and included in this scoping review. Out of 19 identified LHN in pediatric surgical specialties, 18 were organized in North America. Eight of the networks are related to pediatric general surgery and another eight were related to pediatric transplantation. The 16 out of 19 LHN were initiated after 2001. To date, only eight of the LHNs generated reports of comparative improved outcomes. CONCLUSION: This scoping review provides an overview of the available LHNs in pediatric surgical specialties. Over the past decade, several pediatric surgical specialties have embraced the principles of learning health systems, forming inter-institutional collaborations that utilize information technology to generate big data on patient-level clinical information, engage in quality improvement cycles, adopt evidence-based practices, and actively involve patients and stakeholders. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

Steroid Phobia in Patients With Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus.

OBJECTIVE: Steroid phobia in people with dermatologic conditions is associated with noncompliance with topical corticosteroids (TCS). Although it has not been studied in those with vulvar lichen sclerosus (vLS), first-line therapy is lifelong maintenance TCS, and noncompliance is associated with impaired quality of life, progression of architecture changes, and vulvar skin cancer. The authors aimed to measure steroid phobia in patients with vLS and determine their most valued sources of information to direct future interventions to address this phenomenon. METHODS: The authors adapted a preexisting, validated scale for steroid phobia (TOPICOP), which is a 12-item questionnaire that produces a score of 0 = no phobia and 100 = maximum phobia. The anonymous survey was distributed across social media platforms with an in-person component at the authors' institution. Eligible participants included those with clinical or biopsy-proven LS. Participants were excluded if they did not consent or did not communicate in English. RESULTS: The authors obtained 865 online responses over a 1-week period. The in-person pilot obtained 31 responses, with a response rate of 79.5%. Mean global steroid phobia score was 43.02 (21.9)% and in-person responses were not significantly different (40.94 [16.03]%, p = .59). Approximately 40% endorsed waiting as long as they can before using TCS and stop as soon as possible. The most influential sources to improve patient comfort with TCS were physician and pharmacist reassurance over online resources. CONCLUSIONS: Steroid phobia is common in patients with vLS. Focused efforts to address steroid phobia among health care providers is the next best step toward improving patient comfort with TCS.

Partnering to build surgical capacity in low-resource settings: a qualitative study of Canadian global surgeons.

OBJECTIVES: This qualitative study aimed to explore the perspectives of Canadian global surgeons with experience developing surgical education partnerships with low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) for the purpose of identifying factors for success. DESIGN: A purposive sample of leaders from global surgery programmes at Canadian Faculties of Medicine participated in virtual semi-structured interviews. A six-phase thematic analysis was performed using a constructivist lens on verbatim transcripts by three independent researchers. Key factors for success were thematically collated with constant comparison and inter-investigator triangulation in NVivo software until theoretical saturation was reached. PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen surgeons, representing 11 subspecialties at 6 Canadian academic institutions and a combined experience across 6 continents, were interviewed between January and June 2022. RESULTS: Four facilitators for success of global surgery training programmes were identified, with a strong undertone of relationship-building permeating all subthemes: (1) facilitative skill sets and infrastructure, (2) longitudinal engagement, (3) local ownership and (4) interpersonal humility. Participants defined facilitative skill sets to include demonstrated surgical competence and facilitative infrastructure to include pre-existing local networks, language congruency, sustainable funding and support from external organisations. They perceived longitudinal engagement as spanning multiple trips, enabled by strong personal motivation and arrangements at their home institutions. Ownership of projects by local champions, including in research output, was noted as key to preventing brain drain and catalysing a ripple effect of surgical trainees. Finally, interviewees emphasised interpersonal humility as being crucial to decolonising the institution of global surgery with cultural competence, reflexivity and sustainability. CONCLUSIONS: The interviewed surgeons perceived strong cross-cultural relationships as fundamental to all other dimensions of success when working in low-resource capacity-building. While this study presents a comprehensive Canadian perspective informed by high-profile leadership in global surgery, a parallel study highlighting LMIC-partners' perspectives will be critical to a more complete understanding of programme success.

Physician-Suggested Innovative Methods for Health System Resilience amidst Workforce Emigration and Sociopolitical Unrest in Nigeria: A Survey-Based Study.

Introduction: Physician emigration (the brain drain) and sociopolitical unrest significantly contribute to the instability of many low- and middle-income countries' healthcare systems. However, limited literature captures the locally driven and context specific suggestions to promote and sustain these health systems' resilience. Thus, the purpose of this study is to 1) understand the effects of physician emigration and sociopolitical unrest on Nigeria's healthcare system, and to 2) synthesize solutions suggested by Nigeria-trained physicians in the form of a resilience framework. Methods: An anonymous online survey was conducted among Nigeria-trained physicians. Respondents were recruited using convenience and snowball sampling methods via a WhatsApp group for Nigeria-trained doctors. Quantitative data were analyzed using Stata 17 and qualitative themes were coded by two independent researchers. Results: The final sample included 49 Nigeria-trained physicians-35 physicians practicing in Nigeria and 14 emigrated physicians. All of the physicians currently practicing in Nigeria have considered emigrating, with 79% of them having concrete plans to emigrate in the next five years. Among emigrated physicians, factors such as remuneration (92%) and socioeconomic state of the country (92%) contributed to their decision to emigrate. Suggestions to enhance health system resilience fell into six broad themes: 1) policy and politics, 2) funding and resources, 3) organization and structure, 4) training and education, 5) research and primary health, and 6) health for peace initiatives. Conclusions: The healthcare system is currently unstable and vulnerable due to physician emigration and sociopolitical unrest. To develop and implement solutions to mitigate these issues, capturing the locally trained physicians' perspectives are critical. While each country's healthcare system is unique, countries with similar strains can adapt this model for resilience building. Future studies should focus on adapting the model in different countries with policy-level action points.

Impact of coaching on physician wellness: A systematic review.

Physician wellness is critical for patient safety and quality of care. Coaching has been successfully and widely applied across many industries to enhance well-being but has only recently been considered for physicians. This review aimed to summarize the existing evidence on the effect of coaching by trained coaches on physician well-being, distress and burnout. MEDLINE, Embase, ERIC, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched without language restrictions to December 21, 2022. Studies of any design were included if they involved physicians of any specialty undergoing coaching by trained coaches and assessed at least one measure along the wellness continuum. Pairs of independent reviewers determined reference eligibility. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tools for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and for Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I). Meta-analysis was not possible due to heterogeneity in study design and outcome measures as well as inconsistent reporting. The search retrieved 2531 references, of which 14 were included (5 RCTs, 2 non-randomized controlled studies, 4 before-and-after studies, 2 mixed-methods studies, 1 qualitative study). There were 1099 participants across all included studies. Risk of bias was moderate or serious for non-RCTs, while the 5 RCTs were of lower risk. All quantitative studies reported effectiveness of coaching for at least one outcome assessed. The included qualitative study reported a perceived positive impact of coaching by participants. Evidence from available RCTs suggests coaching for physicians can improve well-being and reduce distress/burnout. Non-randomized interventional studies have similar findings but face many limitations. Consistent reporting and standardized outcome measures are needed.

What can implementation science offer civil society in their efforts to drive rights-based health reform?

Over the years, civil society organizations (CSOs) have made tremendous efforts to ensure that state policies, programmes, and actions facilitate equitable access to healthcare. While CSOs are key actors in the realization of the right to health, a systematic understanding of how CSOs achieve policy change is lacking. Implementation science, a discipline focused on the methods and strategies facilitating the uptake of evidence-based practice and research can bring relevant, untapped methodologies to understand how CSOs drive health reforms. This article argues for the use of evidence-based strategies to enhance civil society action. We hold that implementation science can offer an actionable frame to aid CSOs in deciphering the mechanisms and conditions in which to pursue rights-based actions most effectively. More empirical studies are needed to generate evidence and CSOs have already indicated the need for more data-driven solutions to empower activists to hold policymakers to account. Although implementation science may not resolve all the challenges CSOs face, its frameworks and approaches can provide an innovative way for organizations to chart out a course for reform.

Risk Factors for Hospital Readmission Post-Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in the Contemporary Era: A Systematic Review.

Background: Despite transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) becoming a widely accepted therapeutic option for the management of aortic stenosis, post-procedure readmission rates remain high. Rehospitalization is associated with negative patient outcomes, as well as increased healthcare costs, and has therefore been identified as an important target for quality improvement. Strategies to reduce the post-TAVI readmission rate are needed but require the identification of patients at high risk for rehospitalization. Our systematic review aims to identify predictors of post-procedure readmission in patients eligible for TAVI. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases for the time period from 2015 to the present for articles evaluating risk factors for rehospitalization post-TAVI with a follow-up period of at least 30 days in adults age ≥ 70 years with aortic stenosis. The quality of included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We present the results as a qualitative narrative review. Results: We identified 49 studies involving 828,528 patients. Post-TAVI readmission is frequent, and rates vary (14.9% to 54.3% at 1 year). The most-frequent predictors identified for both 30-day and 1-year post-TAVI readmission are atrial fibrillation, lung disease, renal disease, diabetes mellitus, in-hospital life-threatening bleeding, and non-femoral access. Conclusions: This systematic review identifies the most-common predictors for 30-day and 1-year readmission post-TAVI, including comorbidities and potentially modifiable procedural approaches and complications. These predictors can be used to identify patients at high-risk for readmission who are most likely to benefit from increased support and follow-up post-TAVI.

Contexte: Bien que l'implantation valvulaire aortique par cathéter (IVAC) soit maintenant une option thérapeutique largement acceptée pour la prise en charge de la sténose aortique, les taux de réadmission des patients après cette intervention demeurent élevés. La réhospitalisation est associée à des résultats de santé défavorables pour les patients ainsi qu'à des coûts de soins de santé plus élevés, ce qui en fait une cible importante pour l'amélioration de la qualité des soins. Des stratégies de réduction des taux de réadmission après l'IVAC sont nécessaires, mais elles exigent de repérer les patients qui présentent des risques de réhospitalisation plus élevés. Notre revue systématique vise à cerner les facteurs prédictifs de réhospitalisation après l'intervention chez les patients admissibles à une IVAC. Méthodologie: Nous avons effectué une recherche exhaustive dans les bases de données MEDLINE, Embase et Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) pour trouver les articles publiés entre 2015 et aujourd'hui qui rapportent les facteurs de risque de réhospitalisation suite à une IVAC chez les adultes âgés de 70 ans et plus atteints de sténose aortique, avec une période de suivi d'au moins 30 jours. La qualité des études retenues a été évaluée à l'aide de l'échelle Newscastle-Ottawa. Les résultats sont présentés sous forme d'une revue narrative qualitative. Résultats: Nous avons retenu 49 études, réalisées auprès de 828 528 patients. La réhospitalisation après l'IVAC était fréquente, et les taux étaient variables (de 14,9 % à 54,3 % après un an). Les facteurs prédictifs de réhospitalisation les plus fréquents, déterminés 30 jours et un an après l'IVAC, étaient la fibrillation auriculaire, la maladie pulmonaire, la maladie rénale, le diabète, l'hémorragie menaçant le pronostic vital lors du séjour à l'hôpital, et l'approche par une voie non fémorale. Conclusions: La présente revue systématique nous a permis de caractériser les facteurs prédictifs les plus fréquents de réhospitalisation, 30 jours et un an après une IVAC, dont certaines affections concomitantes et certains facteurs potentiellement modifiables liés aux approches d'intervention et aux complications. Ces facteurs pourraient permettre de cibler les patients à risque élevé de réhospitalisation, qui seraient les plus susceptibles de bénéficier d'un soutien et d'un suivi accrus après une IVAC.

Perceptions of Ontario health system leaders on single-entry models for managing the COVID-19 elective surgery backlog: an interpretive descriptive study.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated pre-existing challenges with respect to access to elective surgery across Canada, and a single-entry model (SEM) approach has been proposed as an equitable and efficient method to help manage the backlog. With Ontario's recent investment in centralized surgical wait-list management, we sought to understand the views of health system leaders on the role of SEMs in managing the elective surgery backlog. METHODS: We used the qualitative method of interpretive description to explore participant perspectives and identify practical strategies for policy-makers, administrators and clinical leaders. We conducted semistructured interviews with health system leaders from across Ontario on Zoom between March and June 2021. We used snowball and purposive sampling. Inclusion criteria included Ontario health care leaders, fluent in English or French, in positions relevant to managing the elective surgery backlog. Exclusion criteria were individuals who work outside Ontario, or do not hold relevant roles. RESULTS: Our interviews with 10 health system leaders - including hospital chief executive officers, surgeons, administrators and policy experts - resulted in 5 emergent domains: perceptions of the backlog, operationalizing and financing SEMs, barriers, facilitators, and equity and patient factors. All participants emphasized the need for clinical leaders to champion SEMs and the utility of SEMs in managing wait-lists for high-volume, low-acuity, low-complexity and low-variation surgeries. INTERPRETATION: Although SEMs are no panacea, the participants in our study stated that they believe SEMs can improve quality and reduce variability in wait times when SEMs are designed to address local needs and are implemented with buy-in from champions. Health care leaders should consider SEMs for improving surgical backlog management in their local jurisdictions.

Electronic medical record-related burnout in healthcare providers: a scoping review of outcomes and interventions.

OBJECTIVE: Healthcare provider (HCP) burnout is on the rise with electronic medical record (EMR) use being cited as a factor, particularly with the rise of the COVID-19 pandemic. Burnout in HCPs is associated with negative patient outcomes, and, therefore, it is crucial to understand and address each factor that affects HCP burnout. This study aims to (a) assess the relationship between EMR use and burnout and (b) explore interventions to reduce EMR-related burnout. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL and SCOPUS on 29 July 2021. We selected all studies in English from any publication year and country that discussed burnout in HCPs (physicians, nurse practitioners and registered nurses) related to EMR use. Studies must have reported a quantitative relationship to be included. Studies that implemented an intervention to address this burnout were also included. All titles and abstracts were screened by two reviewers, and all full-text articles were reviewed by two reviewers. Any conflicts were addressed with a third reviewer and resolved through discussion. Quality of evidence of all included articles was assessed using the Quality Rating Scheme for Studies and Other Evidence. FINDINGS: The search identified 563 citations with 416 citations remaining after duplicate removal. A review of abstracts led to 59 studies available for full-text assessment, resulting in 25 studies included in the scoping review. Commonly identified associations between EMR-related burnout in HCPs included: message and alert load, time spent on EMRs, organisational support, EMR functionality and usability and general use of EMRs. Two articles employed team-based interventions to improve burnout symptoms without significant improvement in burnout scores. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Current literature supports an association between EMR use and provider burnout. Very limited evidence exists for burnout-reducing interventions that address factors such as time spent on EMRs, organisational support or EMR design.

Themes Surrounding COVID-19 and Its Infodemic: Qualitative Analysis of the COVID-19 Discussion on the Multidisciplinary Healthcare Information for All Health Forum.

Background: Healthcare Information for All (HIFA) is a multidisciplinary global campaign consisting of more than 20,000 members worldwide committed to improving the availability and use of health care information in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). During the COVID-19 pandemic, online HIFA forums saw a tremendous amount of discussion regarding the lack of information about COVID-19, the spread of misinformation, and the pandemic's impact on different communities. Objective: This study aims to analyze the themes and perspectives shared in the COVID-19 discussion on English HIFA forums. Methods: Over a period of 8 months, a qualitative thematic content analysis of the COVID-19 discussion on English HIFA forums was conducted. In total, 865 posts between January 24 and October 31, 2020, from 246 unique study participants were included and analyzed. Results: In total, 6 major themes were identified: infodemic, health system, digital health literacy, economic consequences, marginalized peoples, and mental health. The geographical distribution of study participants involved in the discussion spanned across 46 different countries in every continent except Antarctica. Study participants' professions included public health workers, health care providers, and researchers, among others. Study participants' affiliation included nongovernment organizations (NGOs), commercial organizations, academic institutions, the United Nations (UN), the World Health Organization (WHO), and others. Conclusions: The themes that emerged from this analysis highlight personal recounts, reflections, suggestions, and evidence around addressing COVID-19 related misinformation and might also help to understand the timeline of information evolution, focus, and needs surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic.

Key Healthcare Leadership Competencies: Perspectives from Current Healthcare Leaders.

The healthcare system is complex and requires effective leaders who can navigate team, organizational and system dynamics. The objectives of this study were to explore competencies required to lead emerging healthcare challenges and identify strategies for developing successful leaders. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 healthcare leaders from the government, hospitals and in consulting. This study unpacks competencies such as communication and change management and draws attention to the significance of emotional intelligence and working with data that have not traditionally been identified as key competencies. These findings can inform curriculum and modernization initiatives in healthcare leadership programs.

Public Health and Health Sector Crisis Leadership During Pandemics: A Review of the Medical and Business Literature.

The global scale and unpredictable nature of the current COVID-19 pandemic have put a significant burden on health care and public health leaders, for whom preparedness plans and evidence-based guidelines have proven insufficient to guide actions. This article presents a review of empirical articles on the topics of "crisis leadership" and "pandemic" across medical and business databases between 2003 (since SARS) and-December 2020 and has identified 35 articles for detailed analyses. We use the articles' evidence on leadership behaviors and skills that have been key to pandemic responses to characterize the types of leadership competencies commonly exhibited in a pandemic context. Task-oriented competencies, including preparing and planning, establishing collaborations, and conducting crisis communication, received the most attention. However, people-oriented and adaptive-oriented competencies were as fundamental in overcoming the structural, political, and cultural contexts unique to pandemics.

Even Superheroes Need Rest: A Guide to Facilitating Recovery from Work for Health-care Workers during COVID-19 and beyond.

The COVID-19 pandemic burdens health-care workers (HCWs) worldwide. Amid high-stress conditions and unprecedented needs for crisis management, organizations face the grand challenge of supporting the mental health and well-being of their HCWs. The current literature on mental health and well-being primarily focuses on improving personal resilience among HCWs. However, this puts the responsibility for coping with COVID-19-related stress almost fully on the individual. This chapter discusses an important alternative framing of this issue - how health-care organizations (HCOs) can facilitate recovery from work processes (i.e., returning to a baseline level by engaging in nonwork activities after work) for their workers. Based on a narrative review of the occupational health psychology literature, we provide practical strategies for supporting the four key recovery experiences of detachment, control, mastery, and relaxation, as well as present general recommendations about how to promote recovery. These strategies can help HCOs facing the grand challenge of sustaining worker well-being and functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as during future pandemics and for workers facing high work pressure in general.

Telehealth challenges during COVID-19 as reported by primary healthcare physicians in Quebec and Massachusetts.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has driven primary healthcare (PHC) providers to use telehealth as an alternative to traditional face-to-face consultations. Providing telehealth that meets the needs of patients in a pandemic has presented many challenges for PHC providers. The aim of this study was to describe the positive and negative implications of using telehealth in one Canadian (Quebec) and one American (Massachusetts) PHC setting during the COVID-19 pandemic as reported by physicians. METHODS: We conducted 42 individual semi-structured video interviews with physicians in Quebec (N = 20) and Massachusetts (N = 22) in 2020. Topics covered included their practice history, changes brought by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the advantages and challenges of telehealth. An inductive and deductive thematic analysis was carried out to identify implications of delivering care via telehealth. RESULTS: Four key themes were identified, each with positive and negative implications: 1) access for patients; 2) efficiency of care delivery; 3) professional impacts; and 4) relational dimensions of care. For patients' access, positive implications referred to increased availability of services; negative implications involved barriers due to difficulties with access to and use of technologies. Positive implications for efficiency were related to improved follow-up care; negative implications involved difficulties in diagnosing in the absence of direct physical examination and non-verbal cues. For professional impacts, positive implications were related to flexibility (teleworking, more availability for patients) and reimbursement, while negative implications were related to technological limitations experienced by both patients and practitioners. For relational dimensions, positive implications included improved communication, as patients were more at ease at home, and the possibility of gathering information from what could be seen of the patient's environment; negative implications were related to concerns around maintaining the therapeutic relationship and changes in patients' engagement and expectations. CONCLUSION: Ensuring that health services provision meets patients' needs at all times calls for flexibility in care delivery modalities, role shifting to adapt to virtual care, sustained relationships with patients, and interprofessional collaboration. To succeed, these efforts require guidelines and training, as well as careful attention to technological barriers and interpersonal relationship needs.

COVID-19-Related Occupational Burnout and Moral Distress among Nurses: A Rapid Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic is placing unprecedented pressure on a nursing workforce that is already under considerable mental strain due to an overloaded system. Convergent evidence from the current and previous pandemics indicates that nurses experience the highest levels of psychological distress compared with other health professionals. Nurse leaders face particular challenges in mitigating risk and supporting nursing staff to negotiate moral distress and fatigue during large-scale, sustained crises. Synthesizing the burgeoning literature on COVID-19-related burnout and moral distress faced by nurses and identifying effective interventions to reduce poor mental health outcomes will enable nurse leaders to support the resilience of their teams. AIM: This paper aims to (1) synthesize existing literature on COVID-19-related burnout and moral distress among nurses and (2) identify recommendations for nurse leaders to support the psychological needs of nursing staff. METHODS: Comprehensive searches were conducted in Medline, Embase and PsycINFO (via Ovid); CINAHL (via EBSCOHost); and ERIC (via ProQUEST). The rapid review was completed in accordance with the World Health Organization Rapid Review Guide. KEY FINDINGS: Thematic analysis of selected studies suggests that nurses are at an increased risk for stress, burnout and depression during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Younger female nurses with less clinical experience are more vulnerable to adverse mental health outcomes.

Addressing evolving patient concerns around telehealth in the COVID-19 era.

With a rapid shift to telehealth during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, clinicians, health care organizations, and policy makers must consider and address patients' evolving needs, concerns, and expectations.

Women in healthcare experiencing occupational stress and burnout during COVID-19: a rapid review.

Context: COVID-19 has had an unprecedent impact on physicians, nurses and other health professionals around the world, and a serious healthcare burnout crisis is emerging as a result of this pandemic. Objectives: We aim to identify the causes of occupational stress and burnout in women in medicine, nursing and other health professions during the COVID-19 pandemic and interventions that can support female health professionals deal with this crisis through a rapid review. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and ERIC from December 2019 to 30 September 2020. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO and is available online. We selected all empirical studies that discussed stress and burnout in women healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The literature search identified 6148 citations. A review of abstracts led to the retrieval of 721 full-text articles for assessment, of which 47 articles were included for review. Our findings show that concerns of safety (65%), staff and resource adequacy (43%), workload and compensation (37%) and job roles and security (41%) appeared as common triggers of stress in the literature. Conclusions and relevance: The current literature primarily focuses on self-focused initiatives such as wellness activities, coping strategies, reliance of family, friends and work colleagues to organisational-led initiatives such as access to psychological support and training. Very limited evidence exists about the organisational interventions such as work modification, financial security and systems improvement.

Occupational Stress, Burnout, and Depression in Women in Healthcare During COVID-19 Pandemic: Rapid Scoping Review.

Objectives: The overall objectives of this rapid scoping review are to (a) identify the common triggers of stress, burnout, and depression faced by women in health care during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (b) explore individual-, organizational-, and systems-level interventions that can support the well-being of women HCWs during a pandemic. Design: This scoping review is registered on Open Science Framework (OSF) and was guided by the JBI guide to scoping reviews and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) extension to scoping reviews. A systematic search of literature databases (Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycInfo and ERIC) was conducted from inception until June 12, 2020. Two reviewers independently assessed full-text articles according to predefined criteria. Interventions: We included review articles and primary studies that reported on stress, burnout, and depression in HCWs; that primarily focused on women; and that included the percentage or number of women included. All English language studies from any geographical setting where COVID-19 has affected the population were reviewed. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Studies reporting on mental health outcomes (e.g., stress, burnout, and depression in HCWs), interventions to support mental health well-being were included. Results: Of the 2,803 papers found, 28 were included. The triggers of stress, burnout and depression are grouped under individual-, organizational-, and systems-level factors. There is a limited amount of evidence on effective interventions that prevents anxiety, stress, burnout and depression during a pandemic. Conclusions: Our preliminary findings show that women HCWs are at increased risk for stress, burnout, and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. These negative outcomes are triggered by individual level factors such as lack of social support; family status; organizational factors such as access to personal protective equipment or high workload; and systems-level factors such as prevalence of COVID-19, rapidly changing public health guidelines, and a lack of recognition at work.