Diet's Cariogenicity and Healthfulness Index (DCHI) - A Novel, Comprehensive Index for Children.

BACKGROUND: Realistic and tailored dietary advice plays a vital role in Preventive Dentistry. An appropriate diet analysis forms the basis for precise dietary advice. Analysis of diet for its cariogenicity is a complex process. Performing a meaningful diet analysis is a challenge in routine clinical practice. Currently, very few tools are available for clinicians to assess children's diet relating to caries risk. The current scientific paper presents a novel index that assesses the cariogenicity and healthfulness of a child's diet objectively and guides the professional to achieve pragmatic diet modification in the prevention of dental caries. METHODS: Multi-disciplinary teams with a sample study population were involved in the initial structuring of Diet's Cariogenicity and Healthfulness Index. To obtain cut-off values for cariogenicity of diet, a study was carried out with a sample of 774 children correlating diet diary with caries status. For statistics, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve closest to the ideal of 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity was applied. RESULTS: ROC curve of 22.5 were plotted for diet scores for its cariogenicity. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of these cut-off values were 70 and 95, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The current scientific paper presents a novel Diet's Cariogenicity and Healthfulness Index that assesses the cariogenicity and healthfulness of a child's diet objectively to guide the professional to achieve a logical diet modification.

Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Cinnamon Bark Oil Incorporated and Probiotic Blend Incorporated Mucoadhesive Patch against Salivary Streptococcus mutans in Caries Active 7-10-year-old Children: An In Vivo Study.

INTRODUCTION: Among the various plants studied, cinnamon has emerged as a potential herbal antimicrobial agent. Besides the medicinal plants, recently probiotics have also been recognized to affect cinnamon bark oil Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and other harmful oral and gut microflora. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: This placebo-controlled study aims to compare the antimicrobial potential of cinnamon bark oil incorporated and probiotic blend [Lactobacillus plantarum (TSP-Lp1), and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (TSP-Lrh1)] incorporated mucoadhesive patch against salivary S. mutans in caries active 7-10-year-old children. DESIGN: It was a double-blinded placebo-controlled study with n = 60. They were randomly allotted into three groups-Group I: Cinnamon patch, group II: probiotic patch, and group III: control patch (placebo) with n = 20 in each group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out in three phases. In the first phase, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cinnamon bark oil was determined against S. mutans followed by the formulation of cinnamon and probiotic patches. After a washout period of 2 weeks and a collection of baseline saliva samples, these patches were tested on the subjects from respective groups for 14 days with twice a day placement protocol. On the 15th day, saliva samples were collected and cultured, CFU/mL of the saliva of S. mutans for each subject was recorded and compared with baseline samples. Feedback in the form of a questionnaire was obtained from the patients. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics, paired t-test for intragroup comparison, unpaired t-test for intergroup comparison, analysis of variance (ANOVA) for intergroup comparison, and post hoc Scheffe's. RESULTS: The results showed that both cinnamon patch and probiotic patch were comparable to each other in terms of their anti-S. mutans activity. The intragroup comparison of the CFU/mL count showed a highly significant reduction from baseline to post-intervention for both the groups (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Both cinnamon and probiotic blend have a strong antimicrobial property owing to their ability to cause significant reduction in salivary S. mutans and both the patches showed good patient acceptance. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Gandhi HA, Srilatha KT, Deshmukh S, et al. Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Cinnamon Bark Oil Incorporated and Probiotic Blend Incorporated Mucoadhesive Patch against Salivary Streptococcus mutans in Caries Active 7-10-year-old Children: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(5):543-550.

Microtensile Bond Strength of Embrace Wetbond Hydrophilic Sealant in Different Moisture Contamination: An In-Vitro Study.

AIM: Contamination of etched enamel with saliva has been shown to result in sealant failure. Recently, a hydrophilic sealant has been introduced. In absence of documented literature, this in vitro study was undertaken to ascertain the efficacy of Embrace Wet Bond without reduction of microtensile bond strength in the different moisture contamination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 5mm block of sealant were built over prepared occlusal surface of 40 non-carious therapeutically extracted third molars which were sectioned into 1mm thick stick and tested using Zwick micro tensile tester. Obtained data were subjected to descriptive analysis, one-way ANOVA and Scheffe's post-hoc tests. RESULTS: Mean microtensile bond strength of Embrace sealant was not significantly lowered in different moisture contamination groups except Group 3 (air drying), which showed very highly significant (p<0.001) decrease in µTBS as compared to Group 1 (non-contaminated). CONCLUSION: Mean µTBS of Embrace sealant remains largely unchanged even in presence of moisture. Owing to its hydrophilic property, this sealant can be a great help in cases where maintaining isolation is difficult.

Evaluation of the Load-bearing Capacity of Fractured Incisal Edge of Maxillary Permanent Central Incisors restored with a Glass Fiber-reinforced Nanocomposite: An in vitro Study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the load-bearing capacity of fractured incisal edge of maxillary permanent central incisors restored with a nanocomposite and a glass fiber-reinforced nanocomposite. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six extracted sound maxillary central incisors randomly divided in three groups were used for the present study. Group I (control) contained untreated teeth. Samples in experimental groups II and III were prepared by cutting the incisal (one-third) part of the crown horizontally and subjected to enamel preparations and restored with a nanocomposite and a glass fiber-reinforced nanocomposite respectively. All restored teeth were stored in distilled water at room temperature for 24 hours. Fracture resistance was evaluated as peak load at failure (Newton) for samples tested in a cantilever-bending test using Hounsfield universal testing machine. Failure modes were microscopically examined. RESULTS: Highest mean peak failure load (Newton) among experimental groups was observed in glass fiber-reinforced nano composite group (863.50 ± 76.12 N) followed by nanocomposite group (633.67 ± 40.14 N). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the restoration technique significantly affected the load-bearing capacity (p < 0.001). Scheffe's post-hoc comparison test (subset for α = 0.05) revealed that there was significant difference in the mean peak failure load values of nanocomposite and glass fiber-reinforced nanocomposite groups when considered together (p < 0.001). Experimental groups showed similar types of failure modes with majority occurring ascohesive and mixed type. Fifty-eight percent of the teeth in glass fiber-reinforced nanocomposite group fractured below the cementoenamel junction. CONCLUSION: By using fiber-reinforced composite substructure under conventional composites in the repair of fractured incisors, the load-bearing capacity of the restored incisal edge could be substantially increased. How to cite this article: Kumar PSP, Srilatha KT, Nandlal B, Dhull KS. Evaluation of the Load-bearing Capacity of Fractured Incisal Edge of Maxillary Permanent Central Incisors restored with a Glass Fiber-reinforced Nanocomposite: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015;8(1):22-29.

Efficacy of various root canal irrigants on removal of smear layer in the primary root canals after hand instrumentation: a scanning electron microscopy study.

AIM: The purpose of this in-vitro study is to determine the efficacy of various irrigants in removing the smear layer in primary teeth root canals after hand instrumentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study consisted of 30 human primary incisors which were sectioned at the cementoenamel junction horizontally. The specimens were divided randomly into four experimental and one control group having six teeth each and each group was treated with the specific irrigant. 5.25% NaOCl, 5.25% NaOCl + 10% EDTA, 6% citric acid, 2% chlorhexidine, saline (control) were the irrigants evaluated for efficacy in removal of smear layer. The specimens were split along the longitudinal axis using a chisel after placing superficial grooves in cementum not extending to the root canal. The exposed surface was subjected to scanning electron microscopic analysis to reveal the efficacy of irrigants in removal of smear layer. The representative areas were evaluated twice at 15 days interval by a single evaluator. The scale for the smear layer removal by Rome et al was modified and used in the present study. RESULTS: The pictures from the scanning electron microscopy showed that among the tested irrigants, citric acid has the best efficacy to remove the smear layer without altering the normal dentinal structures, which was supported by the lowest mean smear scores. The pictures from the 10%EDTA + 5.25% sodium hypochlorite group showed that even though it removed the smear layer, it adversely affected the dentine structure. SEM pictures of the other groups like sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine revealed that these irrigants does not have the capacity to remove the smear layer in primary teeth. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study clearly indicate the superior efficacy of 6% citric acid than the other tested irrigants on removing the smear layer in primary teeth root canals.

Management of recurrent fracture of central incisor with internal resorption using light transmitting (luminex) post.

The normal root canal anatomy may be altered in various pathological processes and making it very difficult and at times impossible to achieve ideal obturation by normal methods. Internal resorption is one among them. There are several treatment protocols advised for this pathological condition. A crown-root fracture is defined as a fracture involving enamel, dentin and cementum and accounts for 5% of all traumatic injuries to the permanent dentition. In anterior teeth, these fractures are usually caused by direct trauma and often complicated in fully erupted teeth. In cases where the fracture line extends down along the long axis of the root, extraction of the tooth is indicated. The purpose of this report is to present the use of light transmitting post system to reinforce the crown root fractured maxillary central incisor due to trauma and internal resorption.