Effects of socio-economic status and daily variation on municipal solid waste composition: a preliminary analysis for sustainable planning and development in Aligarh City.

In the context of developing countries such as India, with great differences in people's living standards and different communities, municipal solid waste (MSW) management is one of the most promising problems in front of municipal organizations. Unlike every city in India, Aligarh City also faces the same problem of municipal solid waste management. This problem not only affects the esthetic view but is also hazardous to people nearby health. Currently, solid waste collected is either dumped in landfill unscientifically or partially treated by A to Z waste management (limited) by composting. In the present study, an effort was made to know about the per capita waste generation and variations in the quantity of different components of the MSW in five different regions of the city with dissimilar living standards. Also, weekly variation was analyzed in the study. One-way ANOVA analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences is performed to investigate the variations in the mean composition of different components. The per capita solid waste generation in Aligarh City was found to be 0.42 kg/person/day. From the analysis, we came to know that compostable component (35.4%) is the highest, then inert (24.6%), plastic (12.2%), paper (10%), textile (9.2%), and sand (8.6%). After analysis, the results can help sort out the problem of MSW management in the city by selecting appropriate units as per the composition of MSW.

Sequestration of simulated carbon dioxide (CO2) using churning cementations waste and fly-ash in a thermo-stable batch reactor (TSBR).

The degrees of mineral carbonation in (a) construction and demolition waste (C&DW) and (b) a mixture of cement and fly ash were studied through a dynamic experimental method to determine the variation in the rate and extent of CO2 sequestration achievable under simulated outdoor conditions. A number of experiments were performed in a self-designed rotating batch reactor by churning the two samples together with CO2, which was passed through the mixtures by using water vapor as the medium of transfer. At an injection flow rate of 1 L/min for CO2, the theoretical extent of carbonation was observed to be 39.1% for the mixture of cement and fly ash and 25% for C&DW. It was further observed that upon increasing the CO2 flow rate to 10 L/min, the carbonation in the mixture of cement and fly ash increased by 37.2% after 15 h of rotation at 60 rounds per hour (rph) for a temperature of 40 °C. Weighing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) were performed for the samples before and after the batch reaction to study the quantitative, qualitative and morphological aspects of the process.