Risk of developing high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or anal cancer after anal condylomata treatment in people living with HIV.

AIM: To assess the risk and natural history of developing advanced anal disease after diagnosis of anal condyloma in people living with HIV (PLWH). METHODS: This was a single-centre retrospective cohort study of PLWH and anal condyloma from 2001 to 2021. Patients who developed advanced anal disease (AAD; anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and/or anal cancer) were compared to those who did not progress (non-AAD). We assessed the potential association between AAD and condyloma location, recurrence, and treatment modality. AAD-free survival was calculated utilizing Kaplan-Meier methods. RESULTS: A total of 118 PLWH and anal condyloma were included. Mean overall follow-up time was 9.3 years. A total of 31% of patients developed AAD (n = 37). Average time to AAD from condyloma diagnosis was 5.6 years. On multivariate analysis, risk for AAD development was associated with perianal location of condyloma (OR 4.39, p = 0.038) and increased time from initial condyloma diagnosis (OR 1.12, p = 0.008). Higher CD4/CD8 ratios were associated with lower risk of AAD (OR 0.15, p = 0.029). Condyloma recurrence and treatment type were not associated with development of AAD. AAD-free survival was longer in those with intra-anal only condyloma versus those with either perianal disease alone or combined intra-anal/perianal disease (mean survival times: 22.8 vs. 8.7 vs. 10.7 years, p = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates the need for careful, long-term follow-up of PLWH and condyloma, particularly in the setting of perianal disease and low CD4/CD8 ratio. Risk of anal disease progression is present even in the setting of condyloma regression following treatment.

Patient preferences for GI cancer surveillance and telemedical follow-up.

INTRODUCTION: Surveillance care including routine physical exams and testing following gastrointestinal (GI) cancer treatment can be fiscally and emotionally burdensome for patients. Emerging technology platforms may provide a resource-wise surveillance strategy. However, effective implementation of GI cancer surveillance is limited by a lack of patient level perspective regarding surveillance. This study aimed to describe patient attitudes toward GI cancer surveillance and which care modalities such as telemedicine and care team composition best meet the patient's needs for follow-up care. METHODS: Focused interviews were conducted with 15 GI cancer patients undergoing surveillance following curative-intent surgery. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and uploaded to NVivo. Study personnel trained in qualitative methods consensus coded 10% of data inductively and iteratively developed a codebook and code descriptions. Using all transcripts, data matrices were developed to identify themes inherent in the transcripts. RESULTS: Qualitative analysis revealed three overarching themes. First, increasing ease of access to surveillance care through telemedicine follow-up services may interfere with patients' preferred follow-up routine, which is an in-office visit. Second, specialist providers were trusted by patients to deliver surveillance care more than primary care providers (PCPs). Thirdly, patients desired improved psychosocial health support during the surveillance period. CONCLUSION: These novel patient-level qualitative data demonstrate that replacing conventional in-office GI cancer surveillance care with telemedicine is not what many patients desire. These data also demonstrate that his cohort of patients prefer to see specialists for GI cancer surveillance care rather than PCPs. Future efforts to enhance surveillance should include increased psychosocial support. Telemedicine implementation should be personalized toward specific populations who may be interested in fewer in-office surveillance visits.

Optimization of percutaneous biopsy for diagnosis and pretreatment risk assessment of neuroblastoma.

BACKGROUND: Image-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (PCNB) is increasingly utilized to diagnose solid tumors. The objective of this study is to determine whether PCNB is adequate for modern biologic characterization of neuroblastoma. PROCEDURE: A multi-institutional retrospective study was performed by the Pediatric Surgical Oncology Research Collaborative on children with neuroblastoma at 12 institutions over a 3-year period. Data collected included demographics, clinical details, biopsy technique, complications, and adequacy of biopsies for cytogenetic markers utilized by the Children's Oncology Group for risk stratification. RESULTS: A total of 243 children were identified with a diagnosis of neuroblastoma: 79 (32.5%) tumor excision at diagnosis, 94 (38.7%) open incisional biopsy (IB), and 70 (28.8%) PCNB. Compared to IB, there was no significant difference in ability to accurately obtain a primary diagnosis by PCNB (95.7% vs 98.9%, P = .314) or determine MYCN copy number (92.4% vs 97.8%, P = .111). The yield for loss of heterozygosity and tumor ploidy was lower with PCNB versus IB (56.1% vs 90.9%, P < .05; and 58.0% vs. 88.5%, P < .05). Complications did not differ between groups (2.9 % vs 3.3%, P = 1.000), though the PCNB group had fewer blood transfusions and lower opioid usage. Efficacy of PCNB was improved for loss of heterozygosity when a pediatric pathologist evaluated the fresh specimen for adequacy. CONCLUSIONS: PCNB is a less invasive alternative to open biopsy for primary diagnosis and MYCN oncogene status in patients with neuroblastoma. Our data suggest that PCNB could be optimized for complete genetic analysis by standardized protocols and real-time pathology assessment of specimen quality.