The role of ophthalmologists in diagnosing marfan syndrome.

Background: Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a multisystem connective tissue disorder involving the cardiovascular, skeletal, and ocular systems. Case Report: We present a case of a 15-year-old boy who was sent to the ophthalmologist for the checkup of the primary disease-hypercalciuria and gigantism for the first time at the age of 5.5 years. After the ophthalmological examination (low myopia <-3.0 diopters, ectopic lens with defects in the nasal lens zonules detected by ultrasound biomicroscopy) and owing to gigantism, suspecting of MFS, we referred the patient for further diagnosis, treatment, and follow-ups. Conclusion: The child's excessive growth pointed to the presence of gigantism in the very beginning. A duly identified problem of MFS in our patient at an early age contributed to the correct diagnosis and prevention of the development of amblyopia in the child.

Comparative study of pterygium surgery.

AIM: To compare and evaluate the success rates of various surgical techniques of pterygium excision, including pterygium excision with complete suture of conjunctivae (PESC), pterygium excision with conjunctival auto-graft transplantation with graft from the inferior temporal bulbar conjunctiva (ITBC) and pterygium excision with conjunctival auto-graft transplantation with graft from the superior temporal bulbar conjunctiva (STBC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 120 cases with primary unilateral nasal pterygium were evaluated. Outcomes were evaluated in terms of complication and recurrence after pterygium excision. The patients were divided into 3 groups: 1. Group of 40 patients with primary pterygium (pterygium length over the cornea 1.0 mm and more) treated by the technique of pterygium excision with complete suture of conjunctiva (PESC). 2. Group of 40 patients with primary pterygium (pterygium length over the cornea 1.0 mm and more) treated by the technique of pterygium excision with the conjunctival autograft transplantation with graft from the inferior temporal bulbar conjunctivae (ITBC). 3. Group of 40 patients with primary pterygium (pterygium length over the cornea 1.0 mm and more) treated by the technique of pterygium excision with conjunctival auto-graft transplantation with graft from the superior temporal bulbar conjunctivae (STBC). RESULTS: Mean follow-up time after the surgery was 15 months (6 to 24 months). 12 out of 40 (30%) recurred after the pterygium excision with complete suture of conjunctivae (PESC). Three out of forty (7.5%) pterygium recurred after the modified surgical techniques of pterygium excision with conjunctival auto-graft transplanttation with graft from the inferior temporal bulbar conjunctiva (ITBC). Five out of forty (10.2%) recurred after the pterygium excision with conjunctival auto-graft transplantation with graft from the superior bulbar conjunctivae (STBC). All the recurrences (8 cases) in both pterygium groups treated by the transplantation procedures were after excision of progressive pterygium when the pterygium reaches more than 3 mm of the corneae. One surgeon performed all 120 surgeries. CONCLUSION: A comparison of the groups demonstrated that the recurrence rate was highest in the group without transplantation, using only complete suture of the conjunctiva. The excision of the pterygium with conjunctival auto-graft transplantation from the inferior or superior temporal bulbar conjunctiva are highly efficient in terms of low recurrence rates. The modified surgical technique using the graft from the inferior temporal bulbar conjunctivae is preferred because the superior bulbar conjunctiva is intact for eventual future surgical intervention.