RESUMO
Increasing pneumococcal resistance to antimicrobial drugs, and the rapid spread of resistant strains throughout the world, underlines the importance of vaccination. Although traditional polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines have been in use since the 1980s, and are effective among certain age groups, they do not provide protection to children under the age of two years who are at highest risk of infection from pneumococcal disease. The new conjugate vaccine is expected to contribute to a decreased need for antibiotic treatment, fewer GP visits and reduced hospitalisation rates.
Assuntos
Proteção da Criança , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Infecções Pneumocócicas/prevenção & controle , Fatores Etários , Pré-Escolar , Resistência a Medicamentos , Inglaterra/epidemiologia , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Lactente , Serviços de Informação , Internet , Infecções Pneumocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Pneumocócicas/etiologia , Vigilância da População , Fatores de Risco , Vacinação , País de Gales/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Vaccinating older people remains a priority in the specialty of public health. However, medical practitioners, pharmacists, carers and family members and the media need to make a special effort to inform and educate older people of the need to protect themselves against certain diseases, such as influenza, pneumococcal pneumonia and tetanus. These conditions pose particular health risks to older people in terms of the high risk of developing serious complications.
Assuntos
Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Vacinação/normas , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Resistência a Medicamentos , Europa (Continente) , Educação em Saúde , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Prioridades em Saúde , Humanos , Serviços de Informação , Avaliação das Necessidades , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/psicologia , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Saúde Pública , Reino Unido , Vacinação/métodos , Vacinação/psicologiaRESUMO
Ultraviolet light induces anthocyanin biosynthesis in cell cultures of an Afghan cultivar of Daucus carota (Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus). Simultaneous treatment with a fungal elicitor from Pythium aphanidermatum results in an inhibition of the catalytic activity of chalcone synthase (CHS), which in turn correlates with an inhibition of anthocyanin biosynthesis. On immunoblots, one isoenzyme (40 kDa) of CHS disappears upon elicitor treatment. On an mRNA level, only the mRNA for the 40-kDa-CHS is active after treatment with ultraviolet light. After inhibition of anthocyanin biosynthesis by the elicitor the enzyme protein disappears and the CHS mRNA is strongly diminished. This inhibition depends on the concentration of the elicitor. In addition, elicitor treatment leads to an induction of the general phenylpropanoid pathway as well as to the accumulation of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid which is covalently bound to wall polysaccharides of the carrot cells. The possible function of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in providing precursors for 4-hydroxybenzoic acid is discussed.