Comparison of wheelchair securement systems designed for use in large accessible transit vehicles (LATVs).

Design challenges in wheelchair securement for fixed-route, large accessible transit vehicles (LATVs) often create difficulties for passengers who use wheelchairs and operational inefficiencies for public transit agencies. Recent innovations in wheelchair securement technology for LATVs may reduce these challenges. This study explored the usability of three commercially available wheelchair securement systems in a static laboratory environment: a four-point, forward-facing (4P-FF) securement system, a three-point, forward-facing (3P-FF) securement system, and a semi-automated, rear-facing (SA-RF) securement system. Three groups of mobility device users (manual wheelchair users, power wheelchair users, and scooter users) (n = 36) completed wheelchair securement tasks in a full-scale mock-up of an LATV. For the 19 participants who did not use the occupant restraint system (ORS), perceived usability and securement time were compared across the securement systems. Using multiple usability rating scales, most participants reported that each of the systems would be acceptable for regular use. However, the majority indicated an overall preference for the SA-RF, and most rated the SA-RF system as easier, faster, and requiring less assistance to use than the 4P-FF and 3P-FF systems. Alternatives to conventional 4P-FF wheelchair securement in LATVs may thus improve boarding efficiency and transit independence of passengers who use wheelchairs.

[Continuous fecal drainage systems in intensive care medicine]. / Kontinuierliches Stuhldrainagesystem im intensivtherapeutischen Bereich.

The relevance of nursing interventions for patients with fecal incontinence/defecation problems in intensive care medicine is very often underestimated. Fecal incontinence can either be a symptom of a disease, an epiphenomenon or a primary disease. Fecal incontinence negatively influences the ability of affected intensive patients to care for themselves. Fecal incontinence and diarrhea often occur together, which in return restricts the patient's mobility. Improperly treated fecal incontinence can result in infections (e.g., skin disorders, existing catheter sores), secondary healing can be delayed (e.g., bedsores, sores on the back or groin/genital area) and can also result in contamination of other areas (e.g., intestinal infection). In the past, many improvised techniques and materials have been used to drain feces for patients who are either immobile or critically ill with temporary or persistent fecal incontinence. Continuous and safe fecal drainage is often a problem. There is no basic standard nursing concept that can be recommended or verified. At present there are a number of continuous fecal drainage systems that have been launched on the market. Different indications and fields of application have been recommended when dealing with continuous fecal drainage. This article shows weaknesses and strengths of continuous fecal drainage, explains how each functions, and illustrates possible indications and contra-indications with each of these. Deployment options and limits are presented and summarized in an algorithm as a practical help for decision-making.