[Effectiveness of physical rehabilitation methods based on the impact of eccentric load in upper limb injuries]. / Effektivnost' fizicheskikh metodov reabilitatsii, osnovannykh na vozdeistvii ekstsentricheskikh nagruzok, pri travmakh verkhnikh konechnostei.

The rehabilitation of patients after upper limb injuries is becoming increasingly relevant in current medical practice considering that this pathology is often occurred in professional athletes, elderly people, people with active lifestyle. OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness of isolated therapeutic exercises (TE) with eccentric muscle loads when using rubber cable compared to traditional TE to restore functional capabilities of patients after upper limb injuries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 38 patients with upper limb injuries diagnosed by orthopedic surgeon. Patients were randomly enrolled into group of isolated TE with eccentric muscle loads (group A, 20 patients, mean age 40.2±10.8 years) and group of traditional exercises (group B, 18 patients, mean age 38.6±12.3 years). The study consisted of anamnesis taking, clinical examination, functional tests applying (isometric dynamometry, joint mobility tests, functional scales and questionnaires). The rehabilitation effectiveness was assessed by comparing the indicators before and after treatment course. RESULTS: There has been a significant improvement in muscle strength, movement amplitude and decrease of pain syndrome in patients rehabilitated by eccentric muscle loads. A comparison with a control group using traditional TE methods confirmed the superiority of eccentric exercises in reducing recovery time and improving functional performance. CONCLUSION: The study confirmed the high effectiveness of eccentric muscular loads in the rehabilitation of patients after upper limb injuries. The method has shown significant improvement in clinical and functional indices, which allows to recommend it for inclusion in standard rehabilitation protocols. Further researches may extend application of this approach and reveal the TE effectiveness in other types of traumas and orthopedic injuries.

New laboratory criteria of the autoimmune inflammation in pulmonary sarcoidosis and tuberculosis.

Sarcoidosis and tuberculosis have many clinical and laboratory similarities, which allowed researchers to assume the presence of common pathogenetic mechanisms in the development of both diseases. Recently, much attention has been paid to investigate the autoimmune origins in these pathologies. The aim of this study is to find out the characteristics of the autoinflammatory immune response in sarcoidosis and tuberculosis. In patients with sarcoidosis (n = 93), tuberculosis (n = 28), and in healthy donors (n = 40), the serum anti-MCV concentration was measured by ELISA, and B cell subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry. Based on the results obtained, the formula ([B-naïve%]\[B-memory%]) * ([B-CD38%] + [B-CD5%]) / [anti-MCV] was described. The increase in the calculated index by more than 5 units with a sensitivity of 80.00% and a specificity of 93.10% (AUC = 0.926) suggest the presence of the autoimmune component, which is more typical for sarcoidosis, rather than tuberculosis patients and may serve as a diagnostic criterion.

Universal quantum computation through control of spin-orbit coupling.

We propose a method for quantum computation which uses control of spin-orbit coupling in a linear array of single electron quantum dots. Quantum gates are carried out by pulsing the exchange interaction between neighboring electron spins, including the anisotropic corrections due to spin-orbit coupling. Control over these corrections, even if limited, is sufficient for universal quantum computation over qubits encoded into pairs of electron spins. The number of voltage pulses required to carry out either single-qubit rotations or controlled-Not gates scales as the inverse of a dimensionless measure of the degree of control of spin-orbit coupling.

Anisotropic spin exchange in pulsed quantum gates.

We show how to eliminate the first-order effects of the spin-orbit interaction in the performance of a two-qubit quantum gate. Our procedure involves tailoring the time dependence of the coupling between neighboring spins. We derive an effective Hamiltonian which permits a systematic analysis of this tailoring. Time-symmetric pulsing of the coupling automatically eliminates several undesirable terms in this Hamiltonian. Well chosen pulse shapes can produce an effectively isotropic exchange gate, which can be used in universal quantum computation with appropriate coding.