[Modern features of the formation of occupational diseases and insurance coverage on the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan].

There was executed the analysis of morbidity and disability rate in workers with occupational diseases (poisoning) of the Republic ofBashkortostan for the periodfrom 2010 to 2014. There is reflected the sectoral distribution of the relative indices of the occupational morbidity. There are selected factors of labor and the labor process, promoting occupational diseases (OD). The leading place in the structure of primary morbidity is held by OD related to physical overload and functional overexertion of certain organs and systems; the second - by diseases associated with exposure to physicalfactors; the third - by diseases from exposure to workplace allergens. This is followed by illness (intoxications) caused by exposure to chemical factors, industrial aerosols. The share of OD from exposure to biological agents and professional tumors in total accounts for about 2.0% of all cases of OD revealed for the first time.

[EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION OF NATURAL FOCI OF HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN].

AIM: Typization of natural foci of HFRS of the Republic of Bashkortostan and differentiation of their territories. by the degree of potential epidemic hazard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Materials of epizootologic and epidemiologic monitoring of natural foci of HFRS of the Republic of Bashkortostan for 1980 - 2014 were used. Evaluation of area of territory with high, medium and low potential epidemic hazard by HFRS was carried out taking into account multi-year param- eters of morbidity by administrative districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan. 3 gradations of morbidity level by HFRS - more than 201, 101 - 200, less than 100 per 100 thousand of the population - were used for epidemiologic differentiation ofthe territory. RESULTS: 3 main landscape- epidemiologic types of HFRS foci were isolated - forest, forest-barrens, barrens, as well as their landscape variants. The area with a high degree of potential epidemic hazard by HFRS was estab= lished to be around 3.8%; medium - 15.9%, low - 80.3%.of the whole territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan. CONCLUSION: -A necessity of a differentiated approach to territories with various degree of potential epidemic hazard by HFRS is justified during execution of prophylaxis activi- ties.

[Contemporary state of work conditions and occupational morbidity of workers engaged into rubber, mechanical rubber and tire industries].

Based on analysis of materials provided by occupational safety department PC "UZEMiK" and JSC "Kauchuk", the authors evaluate contemporary work conditions and occupational morbidity in workers engaged into rubber, mechanical rubber and tyre industries.

[Comparative analysis of modern approaches to risk estimation from artificially created nanoparticles and nanomaterials].

The article represents a review of modern approaches to problem of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials risk estimation for human health and environment that were elaborated in EU, USA and some international authorities. Submitted data suggests that there is a significant coincidence with approaches being developed and introduced in Russian Federation under the guidance of Rospotrebnadzor. Particularly criteria being used in Russian Federation and EU for classification of nanotechnologies and nanoindustry production are mainly similar. They include a) identification of nanomaterials in production, b) establishment of production disintegration possibility with concomitant migration of free nanoparticles, c) possibility of nanoparticles emission/migration both in normal conditions of utilization and in possible emergency conditions, d) degree of proximity of particular kind of production to it's consumer that means the possibility of exposition being from closely to zero (in conditions of unhabitated exploitation) up to approximately 100% (in case of medicine, food and cosmetics), e) biological examination of potential danger of nanomaterials according to current volume of scientific information. As applied to nanotechnology plants there are such criteria in use as a) nanomaterial identification, b) personnel exhibiting possibility, c) potential toxicity of stuff in aerosol nano-form, d) characteristics of biological action. Thus applied in Russia principles for nanomaterials safety estimation do not contradict to concepts of foreign authorities that builds up a possibility of said approaches harmonization to internationally recognized norms.

[Comparative analysis of occupational risk evaluation results through various methodic approaches].

Comparative analysis covered three models of occupational risk evaluation: (1) Method to evaluate risks at workplace, elaborated in Finland and recommended by International Work Safety Agency for Eastern Europe and Central Asia countries; (2) Method elaborated in Research Institute for Occupational Medicine with RAMSc under the direction of N.F. Izmerov and E.I. Denisov; (3) Method evaluating individual occupational risk, with consideration of work conditions and worker's health state, also elaborated in Research Institute for Occupational Medicine with RAMSc and Klin Institute of Work conditions and safety, approved in 2011 as methodic recommendations. Findings are that in contemporary Russia a unified method evaluating occupational risk is more expedient; the first method satisfactorily describes actual ratio of occupational risk levels and could be useful as an additional method for its evaluation, especially for psycho-social factors; the second method does not allow to evaluate occupational risk acceptably if absent longstanding occupational morbidity, but is recommended for risk evaluation in evidence-based medicine; the third method is recommended at federal level to fulfil requirements of Labour Code in Russian Federation and obligatory social insurance purposes.

[Evaluating individual occupational risk in teachers].

The authors analyzed work conditions of comprehensive school teachers according to workplace assessment. Additional studies covered opportunistic pathogens content of air in classrooms. Auxiliary medical examination evaluated health state of the teachers. Individual occupational risk was calculated with consideration of actual work conditions and health state. Comprehensive school teacher's work is characterized by constant or transitory influence by complex of occupational and work hazards that are mostly (according to to workplace assessment) increased work intensity, noise and inadequate illumination parameters. Ambient air of classrooms constantly contains high number of opportunistic pathogens, that could decrease immune system parameters and cause more droplet infections. Individual occupational risk of teachers, calculated with consideration of work conditions and health state parameters, appears to be high and proves high possibility of teachers' health damage at work. Recommendations cover evaluation of biologic factors within the workplace assessment, obligatory preliminary (before employment) and periodic medical examinations for comprehensive school teachers as for workers exposed to occupational hazards.

[Occupational and non-occupational factors influencing health state of small and medium business workers].

Complex study of work conditions and health parameters of workers engaged into small and medium business proved that preserved and better health of these workers, prevention of occupational and occupationally mediated diseases necessitate federal and regional complex system of measures including legal basis, database on work conditions and their influence on small and medium business workers' health, occupational medicine training for employers and employees, more active involvement of medical institutioins into screening for occupational diseases.

[Work and health of comprehensive school teachers nowadays].

The authors analyzed occupaitional and non-occupational psycho-social factors for comprehensive school teachers, evaluated their health state according to self-estimation and to thorough medical examinations conducted in prophylactic examinations. Findings are that the major working hazard for the teachers is work intensity: about 80% of the teachers consider the work physically exhausting and nearly 90% assume the work exhausting morally. High prevalence of general non-infectious diseases and health state complaints necessitates regular periodic medical examinations for teachers.

[Importance of occupational medicine problem on small and medium scale business enterprises].

First stage of hygienic and psychosocial studies on evaluating the conditions, work specification and health state of small and medium scale business enterprise workers is finished. Findings are that psychosocial factors of work process are highly significant for those workers, and locomotor disorders (backaches) are leaders in morbidity structure among those workers.

[Psycho-social factors and health state of production and nonproduction workers].

The author performed complex hygienic and psychosocial study of work conditions and health state of glass production workers and of teachers in comprehensive schools. Finding was high probability of occupational diseases due to high work load and work intensity.