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1.
J Nutr Biochem ; 122: 109456, 2023 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37788725

RESUMO

Diets high in fruit and vegetables are perceived to be beneficial for intestinal homeostasis, in health as well as in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Recent breakthroughs in the field of immunology have highlighted the importance of the ligand-activated transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as a critical regulator of mucosal immunity, including the intestinal trafficking of CD4+ helper T cells, an immune cell subset implicated in a wide range of homeostatic and pathogenic processes. Specifically, the AhR has been shown to directly regulate the expression of the chemoattractant receptor G Protein-Coupled Receptor 15 (GPR15) on CD4+ T cells. GPR15 is an important gut homing marker whose expression on CD4+ T cells in the peripheral circulation is elevated in patients suffering from ulcerative colitis, raising the possibility that, in this setting, the beneficial effect of a diet rich in fruits and vegetables may be mediated through the modulation of GPR15 expression. To address this, we screened physiologically-relevant polyphenol and glucosinolate metabolites for their ability to affect both AhR activity and GPR15 expression. Our complementary approach and associated findings suggest that polyphenol and glucosinolate metabolites can regulate GPR15 expression on human CD4+ T cells in an AhR-dependent manner.


Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos , Colite Ulcerativa , Humanos , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Glucosinolatos/farmacologia , Receptores de Hidrocarboneto Arílico , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Receptores de Peptídeos
2.
Semin Immunopathol ; 45(3): 281-294, 2023 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36346451

RESUMO

Acute ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke account for significant disability and morbidity burdens worldwide. The myeloid arm of the peripheral innate immune system is critical in the immunological response to acute ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. Neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DC) contribute to the evolution of pathogenic local and systemic inflammation, whilst maintaining a critical role in ongoing immunity protecting against secondary infections. This review aims to summarise the key alterations to myeloid immunity in acute ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). By integrating clinical and preclinical research, we discover how myeloid immunity is affected across multiple organ systems including the brain, blood, bone marrow, spleen, and lung, and evaluate how these perturbations associate with real-world outcomes including infection. These findings are placed in the context of the rapidly developing field of human immunology, which offers a wealth of opportunity for further research.


Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica , Acidente Vascular Cerebral Hemorrágico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea , Humanos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/patologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral Hemorrágico/complicações , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/complicações , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/patologia
3.
Br J Community Nurs ; 26(9): 428-432, 2021 Sep 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34473555

RESUMO

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a well-established form of artificial nutrition. Buried bumper syndrome (BBS) is a rare but severe complication related to this type of feeding tube. BBS is described as when the internal bumper migrates into the stoma tract and/or the mucosa, and the inner lining of the stomach starts to grow around and over the internal bumper. It can result in pain, infection and the loss of the feeding tube as a port of entry for delivery of nutrition, hydration and medication into the stomach. When suspected, BBS requires urgent referral into specialist hospital services. It is somewhat preventable with appropriate aftercare; however, incidents do occur. The evidence and guidance on care of PEGs differs, and more data and research are needed into the incidence of BBS and what influences it. Access to appropriate nutrition support teams is essential to support patients and their caregivers with all aspects of enteral feeding.


Assuntos
Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/métodos , Nutrição Enteral , Gastrostomia/efeitos adversos , Remoção de Dispositivo , Nutrição Enteral/efeitos adversos , Gastrostomia/instrumentação , Humanos , Intubação Gastrointestinal/efeitos adversos , Síndrome
4.
Br J Community Nurs ; 25(4): 178-183, 2020 Apr 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32267758

RESUMO

Home enteral tube feeding is an increasingly common intervention for patients who are unable to meet their full nutritional requirements. These patients require specialist support to enable them to live as normal a life as possible at home. An integrated acute and community nutrition service developed a new role of community nutrition nurse (CNN) in 2016, with the goal of reducing the number of unplanned hospital attendances relating to enteral tube feeding issues. Following the introduction of the CNN and related troubleshooting interventions, there was a 93% reduction in unplanned hospital admissions between 2017 and 2018. The role has been found to have many benefits, such as improved patient experience, care closer to the patient's home and empowerment of patients, their relatives and carers. It has also helped to increased patient and carer confidence to self-care and has reduced costs within the acute hospital system relating to unplanned hospital attendances and admissions.


Assuntos
Enfermagem em Saúde Comunitária , Nutrição Enteral/enfermagem , Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar , Humanos , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Satisfação do Paciente
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