A track record of diversity: Medical schools ranked by successful black applicants to orthopaedic residencies.

BACKGROUND: Orthopaedic surgery is the least diverse surgical subspecialty in medicine. However, to date, there is no literature that shows which medical schools have successfully contributed to improving orthopaedic surgeon diversity. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to identify the top U.S. medical schools that have successfully matched black applicants into orthopaedic surgery residencies and juxtapose this ranking to the current top medical schools as ranked by the U.S. News and World Report (USNWR). METHODS: The J. Robert Gladden Orthopaedic Society (JRGOS) database was queried for all orthopaedic surgeons, fellows, and residents who identified as black or multi-racial with black being one of the included races, yielding 938 physicians, of which 672 met our inclusion criteria. From this list, a ranking of the top 20 medical schools was generated. RESULTS: The top five medical schools ranked in the JRGOS database are Howard University College of Medicine (HUCOM), Meharry Medical College, Harvard Medical School (HMS), the University of Pennsylvania, and Morehouse School of Medicine (MSM). In addition, 10 (50%) of the medical schools ranked in the top 20 by the JRGOS database were also ranked by the USNWR. When ranking medical schools for black female applicants, HUCOM, MSM, HMS are the top three programs. Lastly, a ranking by region identified that the northeast contained the highest number of ranked medical schools. CONCLUSION: There are both historically black and non-historically black medical schools which have a proven track record of producing a significant number of future black orthopaedic surgery residents.

The relationship of the Phantom® Lapidus Intramedullary Nail System to neurologic and tendinous structures in the foot: An anatomic study.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of our cadaveric study was to determine the proximity of nail insertion and interlocking mechanisms in the Phantom® Lapidus Intramedullary Nail System to neurologic and tendinous structures in the foot. METHODS: We used 10 fresh-frozen human lower-extremity specimen cadavers. For each specimen, the Nail System was inserted as described in the published technique guide. We then performed dissection on the tibialis anterior tendon, extensor hallucis longus tendon, and medial dorsal cutaneous branch of the superficial peroneal nerve and we measured and averaged the distances from each of these structures from the nail. RESULTS: The tibialis anterior tendon was in closest proximity to the insertion of the proximal medial interlock K-wire with an average distance of 0.4mm from the tendon. The extensor hallucis longus tendon was in closest proximity to nail insertion with an average distance of 1.2mm. The medial dorsal cutaneous branch of the superficial peroneal nerve was in closest proximity to the distal interlock K-wire with an average distance of 7.5mm. CONCLUSIONS: The tibialis anterior tendon, extensor hallucis longus tendon, and the medial dorsal cutaneous branch of the superficial peroneal nerve are at risk with the insertion of the nail system. Blunt dissection should be performed using this system with a path to bone before instrumentation to reduce the risk of nerve and tendon injury in the foot.

Identifying Needs for Advancing the Profession and Workforce in Environmental Health.

An ever-changing landscape for environmental health (EH) requires in-depth assessment and analysis of the current challenges and emerging issues faced by EH professionals. The Understanding the Needs, Challenges, Opportunities, Vision, and Emerging Roles in Environmental Health initiative addressed this need.After receiving responses from more than 1700 practitioners, during an in-person workshop, focus groups identified and described priority problems and supplied context on addressing the significant challenges facing EH professionals with state health agencies and local health departments. The focus groups developed specific problem statements detailing the EH profession and workforce's prevailing challenges and needs according to 6 themes, including effective leadership, workforce development, equipment and technology, information systems and data, garnering support, and partnerships and collaboration.We describe the identified priority problems and needs and provide recommendations for ensuring a strong and robust EH profession and workforce ready to address tomorrow's challenges.

Acute intrathecal baclofen withdrawal: a brief review of treatment options.

BACKGROUND: Acute baclofen toxicity and withdrawal can present with a constellation of symptoms making differentiation between these two entities and other potential diagnoses challenging. Baclofen withdrawal is associated with numerous complications which may require neurocritical care expertise such as respiratory failure, refractory seizures, delirium, and blood pressure lability. METHODS: Case report and literature review. RESULTS: This case report discusses a case of intrathecal baclofen (ITB) withdrawal, focusing on the differential diagnosis for acute baclofen withdrawal and reviews the various options that exist to treat the symptoms of acute baclofen withdrawal such as benzodiazepines, propofol, skeletal muscle relaxants, and tizanidine. CONCLUSIONS: Critical care practitioners should be prepared to treat this potentially devastating and often refractory complication of ITB therapy.

Proprioception after total ankle arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND: Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is becoming an effective treatment for end-stage ankle arthritis. It is unknown if TAA alters the patient's ability to sense ankle joint position. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen unilateral TAA patients with a minimum of 2-years followup completed proprioceptive testing of the TAA and the contralateral side. The task was to reproduce a given ankle angle using a joystick-driven device while the lower limb was obscured from view. Nine angles were tested, including two angles in dorsiflexion, three in plantarflexion, two in inversion, and two in eversion. A repeated-measures ANOVA was used to evaluate the results. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences between the TAA ankle and the contralateral side were found. CONCLUSION: TAA does not cause a change in proprioceptive abilities in arthritis patients when compared to the contralateral, unaffected side in a small sample of unilateral patients. Surgeons and rehabilitation professionals may use this information when designing rehabilitation plans following the insertion of a TAA.

Posttraumatic ankle arthritis: an update on conservative and surgical management.

This manuscript offers current information regarding the examination, conservative treatment, and surgical treatment for individuals with posttraumatic arthritis. Although inflammatory and osteoarthritis can occur, posttraumatic arthritis is the most common form of arthritis to affect the ankle. Posttraumatic ankle arthritis occurs in a generally younger, active population. It is radiographically characterized by an asymmetrical degenerative process and may be associated with a history of trauma, instability, and/or lower extremity malalignment. When choosing between conservative/nonoperative versus surgical intervention, the extent of subchondral bone exposed and the time over which the arthritis has developed are factors that should be considered. The role and effectiveness for conservative treatment, such as medication, patient education, shoe modification, bracing, stretching, mobilization, strengthening, and symptom management, needs to be further determined. Surgical procedures for posttraumatic ankle arthritis can include distraction arthroplasty, arthrodesis, or total ankle arthroplasty. Unlike the relatively new procedure of distraction arthroplasty, the outcomes for arthrodesis have been well defined. Arthrodesis generally has a good outcome, but its limitations have been recognized. These limitations include the extended time required to achieve fusion, potential for nonunion, arthritis developing in adjacent joints, leg length discrepancy, malalignment, chronic edema, symptoms due to the hardware, stress fractures, and continued pain. While first generation total ankle arthroplasty led to poor results, advancements in prosthetic design and surgical technique have revived optimism regarding total ankle arthroplasty as an alternative to arthrodesis. The key for the future of total ankle arthroplasty may not be related to the development of newer ankle components but rather in refining the criteria to determine who would best benefit from joint replacement versus fusion.