Assuntos
Endopeptidases , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Proteínas Oncogênicas , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Ubiquitinas/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sequência Conservada , Cisteína Endopeptidases/química , Cisteína Endopeptidases/genética , Cisteína Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Complexos Endossomais de Distribuição Requeridos para Transporte , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Genes Fúngicos , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/metabolismo , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Complexos Multienzimáticos/química , Complexos Multienzimáticos/genética , Complexos Multienzimáticos/metabolismo , Mutação , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica/genética , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica/metabolismo , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Ubiquitina TiolesteraseRESUMO
Aphthous stomatitis is a common, recurrent, painful ulcerative condition of the oral mucosa. Cigarette smoking has been reported to protect against aphthous ulcers. To determine whether smokeless tobacco use also protects against aphthous ulcers, we examined the oral mucosa in 1456 professional baseball players, about half of whom were smokeless tobacco (ST) users. After controlling for the confounding effects of age, race, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and dental hygiene practices, ST use was found to significantly reduce the risk of aphthous ulcers among these healthy young men (odds ratio = 0.4; p = 0.04). It has been suggested that cigarette smoking prevents aphthous ulcers by causing increased keratinization of the oral mucosa, and ST may protect by the same mechanism. Alternatively, a component of tobacco that is systemically absorbed might be responsible for protecting against aphthous ulcers. If the mechanism that protects ST users against aphthous ulcers is systemic, then nicotine is the likely protective factor.
Assuntos
Plantas Tóxicas , Estomatite Aftosa/prevenção & controle , Tabaco sem Fumaça , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de ChancesAssuntos
Beisebol , Doenças da Boca/etiologia , Neoplasias Bucais/etiologia , Plantas Tóxicas , Tabagismo/epidemiologia , Tabaco sem Fumaça/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Beisebol/tendências , Humanos , Leucoplasia Oral/epidemiologia , Leucoplasia Oral/etiologia , Doenças da Boca/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Bucais/epidemiologia , Tabagismo/complicações , Tabagismo/psicologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Mapeamento Cromossômico , Simulação por Computador , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/genética , Modelos Genéticos , Alelos , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Frequência do Gene , Genes Dominantes , Ligação Genética/genética , Marcadores Genéticos/análise , Genótipo , Humanos , Funções Verossimilhança , Recombinação Genética , SoftwareRESUMO
Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses (TMEV) belong to the Picornaviridae, and are divided into two subgroups. TO subgroup strains produce a persistent demyelinating central nervous system infection in mice, while GDVII subgroup strains cause acute polioencephalomyelitis. We generated three overlapping clones of the genome of DA strain, a member of TO subgroup. Sequence analysis revealed that the genome is 8093 nucleotides long with a poly(A) tail. The 5' noncoding region stretches from nucleotides 1 to 1065 and lacks a poly(C) tract. The open reading frame stretches from 1066 to 7968 and encodes 2301 amino acids. DA strain sequence is more closely related to members of the Cardiovirus genus than to members of other Picornavirus genera. Comparison with sequence of BeAn strain, another TO subgroup strain, showed that the P1 area has the greatest number of differences, while the noncoding regions are more well-conserved. The three overlapping clones will be important in recombinant infectious cDNA studies between strains of both subgroups.
Assuntos
Enterovirus/genética , Genes Virais , Vírus Elberfeld do Camundongo/genética , Proteínas Virais/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sequência de Bases , DNA/genética , Vírus Elberfeld do Camundongo/classificação , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Picornaviridae/genética , Biossíntese de Proteínas , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional , RNA Viral/genética , Proteínas Virais/biossínteseRESUMO
A method for reproducibly estimating the protoheme content of plant tissues has been developed. The tissue sample is homogenized in 80% acetone to remove pigments and lipids; protoheme is then extracted from the tissue residue with 2% HCl in acetone and quantitatively transferred into diethyl ether. After evaporation of the ether, the residue is dissolved in alkaline pyridine, and the protoheme concentration is estimated from a dithionite-reduced-minus-ferricyanide-oxidized spectrum. When compared to some other methods, this procedure gives consistently higher yields.
Assuntos
Heme/isolamento & purificação , Plantas/química , Acetona , Éter , Indicadores e Reagentes , Piridinas , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espectrofotometria , TemperaturaRESUMO
The protoheme content of etiolated, greening, and fully greened bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Light Red Kidney) leaves has been studied. The protoheme level in etiolated and fully greened leaf tissue stays relatively constant from age 7 to 14 days. In agreement with the studies reported for barley (Castelfranco and Jones 1975 Plant Physiol 55: 485-490), the protoheme content of greening bean and barley (Hordeum vulgare var. Larker) leaves does not change appreciably during the first 9 hours of illumination, but the level rises significantly by the 24th hour of illumination (cf. Hendry and Stobart 1977 Phytochemistry 16: 1545-1548). This increase also occurs in seedlings returned to the dark for 24 to 48 hours following a 10-minute pulse of light. These results demonstrate a limited correlation with previous studies on the development of b-type cytochromes during greening of these tissues (Gregory and Bradbeer 1973; Planta 109: 317-326).