[Formation of immune proteasomes and development of the immune system in mammalian ontogenesis].

Current concepts of the structure of immune proteasomes and their role in immune response have been considered. The main attention has been paid to the formation of immune proteasomes in secondary lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs during ontogenesis of mammals. The causes of ineffective formation of immune system in early postnatal development have been discussed.

[Oxidative stress as a criterion in environmental assessment]. / Okislitel'nyi stress kak kriterii otsenki okruzhaiushchei sredy.

Environmental changes affect the active oxygen generation and thereby involve the oxidative stress. Estimation of the active oxygen metabolism as a method of biotesting is discussed. The results of measurement of specific superoxide dismutase suggest that this approach may be used for environmental assessment.

[Karyosphere and nuclear envelope ultrastructure of oocytes of the common frog Rana temporaria after nuclease treatment and extraction of chromatin and alkali-soluble proteins]. / Ul'trastruktura kariosfery i iadernoi obolochki ootsitov travianoi liagushki Rana temporaria posle obrabotki nukleazami i ékstraktsii khromatina i shchelocherastvorimykh belkov.

The late oocyte karyosphere of Rana temporaria consists mainly of fibrillar nucleoli and micronucleoli, Fibrillar material containing the pore complexes (pseudomembranes) and modified synaptonemal complexes. Nuclease treatment of the karyosphere reveals regularly repeating bands in the nuclei and micronuclei, the fibrillar material associated with the nuclei being attenuated. After a subsequent treatment with DNase-1, RNase A and 1.5 M Nacl and karyosphere is disintegrated to involve remains of extracted nucleoli and fibrillar material containing pore complexes. 0.025 N NaOH extracted the bulk of the karyosphere and left only the islets if fibrillar material. The nuclear envelope proved to be far more stable to the above treatments. It retained its structure and was loosened partly only after 1.5 M NaCl or 0.025 N NaOH extraction, the pore complexes disappearing only after alkaline extraction. It is assumed that the karyosphere represents a skeletal structure (matrix) of the oocyte nucleus.