[Measurements of salivary lysozyme activity]. / Opredelenie aktivnosti lizotsima sliuny.

A new method for measuring salivary lysozyme is proposed, which is based on lysozyme capacity to lyze glycosaminoglycanes and proteoglycanes in plasma membranes of Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Specific activity of the enzyme is identified from the amount of protein in glycosaminoglycanes and proteoglycanes. The quantity of glycosaminoglycanes and proteoglycanes containing 0.001 mg protein/ml/min is suggested to be takes as a unit of lysozyme.

[Value of the study of various erythrocyte enzymes in determining the nature of cerebral stroke in the acute period]. / Znachenie issledovanii nekotorykh éritrotsitarnykh fermentov v opredelenii kharaktera insul'ta v ostreishem periode.

Activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glyceraldehyde phosphatedehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase implicated in the process of hemoglobin oxygenation were studied and compared in 40 patients with ischemic and in 30 patients with hemorrhagic brain strokes in the most acute disease period (days 1-2). A well-defined relationship was revealed between the brain stroke pattern and enzymatic activity which is likely to be determined by varying degree of body adaptation under hypoxia developing in ischemic and hemorrhagic brain strokes. It is assumed that the clinico-enzymatic correlations discovered might be employed as additional criteria in the differential diagnosis of the brain stroke pattern.

[Substantiation of the use of pepsidil in secretory insufficiency of the digestive glands caused by antitubercular drugs]. / Obosnovanie ispol'zovaniia pepsidila pri sekretornoi nedostatochnosti pishchevaritel'nykh zhelez, vyzvannoi protivotuberkuleznymi preparatami.

The experiments on rats were undertaken to study the action of pepsidil to make up for the biosynthesis deficiency of digestive enzymes in the stomach and pancreas caused by antituberculous drugs (methazide + PAS, isoniazid + PAS, isoniazid + rifampicin + ethambutol). It was proved that pepsidil reduced an inhibiting action of antituberculous drugs on the activity of gastroenteric tract proteinases. The given condition should be taken into account when antituberculous treatment is conducted.

[Determination of the erythrocyte count using a microcolorimeter]. / Podschet éritrotsitov v krovi pri pomoshchi mikrokolorimetra.

Red cell count is estimated with the use of a MKMF-1 microcolorimeter. 10 ml of Gower's solution are used; 0.02 ml of blood are added to this solution. Photometry of red cell suspension is carried out in a cuvette with a 0.5 cm optic route at lambda 610 nm. Microampermeter data are read from the optic density D scale. The D value is substituted into the formula: red cell count (RC) = K.D.10(6), where K coefficient is found experimentally by measuring the D and by estimating red cell count in microscopy, and is equal to 33.3. This formula permits estimating red cell count in 1 microliter of blood.

[Effect of antitubercular preparations on enzyme activity of erythrocytes]. / Vliianie protivotuberkuleznykh preparatov na aktivnost' nekotorykh fermentov v éritrotsitakh.

It was established experimentally that antituberculous agents (isoniazide, rifampicin, methazid, ethambutol, PAS) and their combination (isoniazide + rifampicin + PAS; isoniazide + PAS; methazid + PAS) inhibit erythrocytic glucoso-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase, glycerophosphate-dehydrogenase. This should be considered in instituting individual antituberculous therapy.

[Changes in glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity in erythrocytes depending upon the rate of glucose utilization]. / Izmenenie aktivnosti glitseral'degidfosfatdegidrogenazy, gliukozo-6-fosfatdegidrogenazy, superoksiddismutazy i katalazy v éritrotsitakh v zavisimosti ot skorosti utilizatsii gliukozy.

Content of glucose as well as activities of glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPD), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were studied in whole blood, in intact and hemolyzed erythrocytes of 57 volunteers within 120 min after sucrose loading. Direct correlation was found between the activity of the enzymes studied and level of glucose as well as the rate of its utilization in erythrocytes. These data suggest that reduced NAD- and NADP-containing oxidoreductases alpha-GPD and G6PD are donors of H+ used in biosynthesis of H2O2 catalyzed by SOD. Intact and hemolyzed erythrocytes are involved in destruction of H2O2 accompanied by liberation of O2, which reacted with Hb more readily as compared with atmospheric oxygen.

[Activity of NAD- and NADP-containing enzymes and catalase in human erythrocytes after sucrose loading]. / Aktivnost' NAD- i NADP-soderzhashchikh fermentov i katalazy v éritrotsitakh cheloveka posle nagruzki sakharozoi.

The dynamics of glucose content and activity of GL-6-FDG, MDG, ICDG and of catalase in the erythrocytes of healthy people under glucose load was investigated. It has been established that maximal increase of the glucose content in blood under glucose load occurs 60 min later and the peak of activity of all the studied enzymes--90 min later. A degree of the activity increase in certain enzymes is not the same. It enhances considerably in GL-6-FDG and catalase and is hardly tracable in MDG and ICDG. A conclusion is made that glucose metabolism in erythrocytes is accompanied by the intensification of synthesis and hydrogen peroxide decomposition processes.

[Enzyme-forming function of digestive glands after administration of polypeptide C, copepsidyl and panintestine]. / Fermentoobrazuiushchaia funktsiia pishchevaritel'nykh zhelez pod vliianiem polipeptida C, kopepsidila i panintestina.

Polypeptide C (molecular weight 2640 Dalton) extracted from artificial gastric juice), copepsidyl (containing high dosage of pepsin) and panintestine (polyenzyme drug) are studied for their effect on the activity of digestive enzymes of glandular gastric element pancreas and small intestine of rats. It is established that all mentioned drugs stimulate enzymogenesis in the analyzed organs. The activity of pepsin increases in homogenates of gastric mucosa, the activity of trypsin, total proteinases, carboxypeptidase and amylase grows in pancreas homogenates, and that of leucineaminopeptidase--in small intestine.

[Glucose utilization and activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase in rat erythrocytes after treatment with tuberculostatic agents]. / Utilizatsiia gliukozy i aktivnost' gliukozo-6-fosfatdegidrogenazy, izotsitratdegidrogenazy i malatdegidrogenazy éritrotsitov krys pri deistvii tuberkulostaticheskimi preparatami.

Metazamide, phthivazid, larusan and rifamycin were shown to inhibit activities of glucose-6-phosphate-, isocitrate- and malate dehydrogenases in male rats within 10-14 days by 14-32%; as a result of this, the rate of glucose consumption was decreased in blood, as shown by the shape of sugar plots after loading with 300 mg of glucose. Administration of these drugs led to elevation of sugar curves by 11-18% as compared with controls. p-Amino-salicylic acid, isoniazid and protionamide inhibited the enzymatic activity but affected the rate of glucose consumption only slightly. Ethambutal activated these enzymes by 13-29%; the highest rate of glucose consumption was observed in presence of the drug.

[Effect of diacarb on the carbonic anhydrase activity in the blood and gastric mucosa and pepsinogen concentration in the gastric mucosa of the rat]. / Vliianie diakarba na aktivnost' karbonangidrazy v krovi i slizistoi obolochke zheludka i na soderzhanie pepsinogena v slizistoi zheludka krys.

It was established that the activity of blood and gastric mucosa carboanhydrase increased after the introduction of food irritant (milk) into the stomach, as well as after the subcutaneous injection of histamine. This was accompanied by the increase of pepsinogen content in the gastric mucosa. When introduced into the stomach before the food irritant or histamine, acetazolamide inhibited blood and gastric mucosa carboanhydrase and reduced the content of pepsinogen in the gastric mucosa. Oral administration of acetazolamide for 5 days resulted in a more remarkable inhibition of blood and gastric mucosa carboanhydrase and in a drastically reduced content of pepsinogen in the gastric mucosa. The rate of pepsinogen biosynthesis by the gastric mucosa seems to depend on the activity of carboanhydrase in blood and in the gastric mucosa.

[Polypeptides isolated from the gastric mucosa and their effect on pepsin biosynthesis by gastric glands]. / Polipeptidy, vydelennye iz slizistoi obolochki zheludka, i ikh deistvie na biosintez pepsina zhelezami zheludka.

It was found in experiments on 90 rats that polypeptides A, B and C (with a molecular mass of 2200-2800) isolated from the gastric mucosa have the ability to stimulate pepsin biosynthesis by the gastric glands. Application of the polypeptides did not result in the concurrent rise of proteolytic and milk-curdling activity. Pepsin and trypsin promoted the release from polypeptide B of low-molecular weight peptides which also stimulated pepsin biosynthesis.

[Pepsin and trypsin proteolysis of the casein in cheeses of Soviet manufacture]. / Proteoliz kazeina syrov otechestvennogo proizvodstva pepsinom i tripsinom.

The content of protein and free amino acids in cheeses and susceptibility of casein from 11 samples of Soviet cheeses to gastrointestinal tract proteinases were studied. It was shown that the protein content in solid cheeses is higher than in processed and brine ones. The greatest number of free amino acids occurs in Poshekhonsky, Sovetsky and Sovetsky processed cheeses. Hydrolytic splitting of the cheese protein proceeds more vigorously under the effect of trypsin compared with pepsin. Therefore it is more desirable that trypsin be used for manufacture of enzymatic hydrolysates from casein. It is recommended that Gollandsky, Sovetsky, Litovsky and Poshekhonsky cheeses characterized by susceptibility to gastrointestinal tract proteinases be included into the diet of patients suffering from both secretory gastric and pancreatic exocrine function insufficiency.