RESUMO
Effects of the dihydropyridine calcium channel inhibitor nifedipine on chronic schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia were studied in an 8-week double-blind crossover trial. Four of the ten patients had tardive dyskinesia, and three of these were not receiving neuroleptics. No effects on symptoms of chronic schizophrenia were found using Psychiatric Symptom Assessment Scale ratings. In the four patients with tardive dyskinesia, an average improvement in total Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale scores of 57% was observed. These data suggest that dihydropyridine calcium channel inhibitors may be effective in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenic patients.
Assuntos
Discinesia Induzida por Medicamentos/tratamento farmacológico , Nifedipino/uso terapêutico , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Benzotropina/uso terapêutico , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Escalas de Graduação PsiquiátricaRESUMO
Recent reports have suggested an augmentation by ascorbic acid of haloperidol treatment of schizophrenic patients. This study was designed to examine whether pharmacokinetic interactions between ascorbic acid and haloperidol occur in this population. Eight male inpatients diagnosed as having chronic schizophrenia by DSM-III-R criteria and stabilized on a fixed dose of haloperidol were given oral doses of ascorbic acid, 4.5 grams daily, for 2 weeks in an open trial. Serum concentrations of haloperidol and is metabolite, reduced haloperidol, were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Psychiatric symptoms were monitored using the Psychiatric Symptom Assessment Scale performed by nursing staff blind to the haloperidol status but not to the ascorbic acid dosage. The addition of ascorbic acid was not associated with any change in psychopathology in this group of patients, nor was there any apparent pharmacokinetic interaction with haloperidol.
Assuntos
Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapêutico , Haloperidol/uso terapêutico , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológico , Haloperidol/farmacocinética , Humanos , Masculino , Neurotransmissores/metabolismo , Oxirredução , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Esquizofrenia/sangueRESUMO
Response/log I curves were obtained under conditions of dark-and light-adaptation in seven normal male volunteers. For each subject, a baseline electroretinogram (ERG) was recorded. In the same afternoon, a second ERG was obtained after 0.05 mg/kg diazepam, and a third ERG was recorded following 0.10 mg/kg diazepam. Under conditions of dark-adaptation, the following dose-dependent changes were identified: 1) Diazepam attenuated the rod b-wave peak amplitude and increased its implicit time; 2) The dark-adapted longer wavelength cone a-wave and 'blue cone' b-wave showed an increased implicit time; 3) All oscillatory potentials showed an increased implicit time. Under conditions of light-adaptation, dose-dependent decreases in peak amplitude and delays in implicit time were observed for the a- and b-waves. The effects of diazepam on the human ERG were more profound under conditions of light- than dark-adaptation.
