Haemosporidian infection and co-infection affect host survival and reproduction in wild populations of great tits.

Theoretical studies predict that parasitic infection may impact host longevity and ultimately modify the trade-off between reproduction and survival. Indeed, a host may adjust its energy allocation in current reproduction to balance the negative effects of parasitism on its survival prospects. However, very few empirical studies tested this prediction. Avian haemosporidian parasites provide an excellent opportunity to assess the influence of parasitic infection on both host survival and reproduction. They are represented by three main genera (Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon) and are highly prevalent in many bird populations. Here we provide the first known long-term field study (12 years) to explore the effects of haemosporidian parasite infection and co-infection on fitness in two populations of great tits (Parus major), using a multistate modeling framework. We found that while co-infection decreased survival probability, both infection and co-infection increased reproductive success. This study provides evidence that co-infections can be more virulent than single infections. It also provides support for the life-history theory which predicts that reproductive effort can be adjusted to balance one's fitness when survival prospects are challenged.

Non-diagnosed pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma (PHG) as a cause of sudden unexpected death.

Pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma (PHG), a very rare benign tumour of the lungs, was first reported in 1977. We present a PHG of a 32-year-old woman from Yemen who collapsed 1 day after her arrival in Germany. Tuberculosis was suspected and the health authorities nearly closed part of one of the major international airports in Europe. However, this drastic measure was avoided by autopsy and a correct interpretation of the solid-elastic and well-circumscribed lung tumour as not characteristic for tuberculosis. Although the final diagnosis of PHG was only achieved after histology, this case strongly illustrates the necessity of a profound morphological training of forensic physicians.

Dumping after homicide using setting in concrete and/or sealing with bricks--six case reports.

Homicide with subsequent hiding of the body using setting in concrete or sealing with bricks are rarely seen forensic cases. The article describes the circumstances and findings of six cases in which bodies were encased with concrete and/or bricks. In all cases, the offenders were male, in one case together with his wife and--except for one case--the victims were related to the offender. The causes of death were heterogeneous (suffocation, blunt force, shot) and the motive mainly domestic quarrel. Setting corpses in concrete and/or sealing with bricks does not prevent smell, slows decomposition and therefore complicates the estimation of the post mortem interval.