Influence of nutrition education in paediatric coeliac disease: impact of the role of the registered dietitian: a prospective, single-arm intervention study.

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of coeliac disease (CD) involves a change in the diet of the individual, which may influence their quality of life and nutritional status. The present study aimed to determine whether nutrition education by a registered dietitian is able to improve eating habits and body composition in children with CD. METHODS: Dietary, physical activity and body composition changes were analysed, comparing baseline assessments with those 1 year after receiving education on healthy eating. At both time points, a 3-day dietary survey, a food frequency consumption questionnaire, an adherence to the Mediterranean diet test (Kidmed), duration of activity and an electrical bioimpedance study were conducted. Student's paired t-test and the McNemar test were also employed. RESULTS: Seventy-two subjects (42 girls) with an mean (range) age of 10 (2-16) years were included. Before the intervention, an unbalanced diet was observed, rich in protein and fat, and deficient in complex carbohydrates. Only 14% consumed an adequate Mediterranean diet. After nutrition intervention, a significant increase in the consumption of plant-based foods and a concomitant decrease in meat, dairy and processed food intake (P < 0.001) were observed. Moreover, 92% of the patients (P < 0.001) managed to consume an adequate Mediterranean diet. Similarly, an increase was observed in the duration of physical activity undertaken [mean (SD) 1.02 (1.79) h, P < 0.001] and improvements in body composition were recorded, with a 17% decrease in fat mass percentage (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Nutrition intervention focused on healthy eating is effective with respect to improving the nutritional status and diet quality in CD patients.

Colaboración multidisciplinaria en el tratamiento de un niño de 5 años de edad con desnutrición / Multidisciplinary colaboration in the treatment of a 5 year old boy with malnutrition

Objetivo: El presente artículo describe el tratamiento multidisciplinario de un niño de 5 años de edad con desnutrición, alimentación selectiva, inapetencia e hiperrespuesta a los estí- mulos orales y táctiles. Se utilizó una intervención basada en una estrecha colaboración entre un pediatra, una dietetistanutricionista y una terapeuta ocupacional para afrontar el problema de alimentación. Se presenta una descripción de los 4 meses y medio de tratamiento y 2 meses de seguimiento. Método: Se analizaron las entrevistas con la familia y las notas de evolución en pediatría, nutrición y terapia ocupacional. Se presenta la progresión hacia los objetivos nutricionales, de aceptación de alimentos y de participación activa en el proceso de alimentación. Resultados: La normalización del estado nutricional se documenta mediante el seguimiento del índice de masa corporal y de datos antropométricos por parte del pediatra y de la nutricionista. La mejora en la participación en las comidas y en la aceptación de una mayor cantidad y variedad de alimentos se documenta mediante entrevistas con los padres y observaciones directas en las sesiones de terapia ocupacional. La mejora en las respuestas al estímulo oral y táctil se documenta mediante un cuestionario estandarizado (Sensory Profile). Conclusión: Este caso clínico contribuye a la evidencia existente sobre la utilización de un enfoque multidisciplinario en los casos de niños con desnutrición y rechazo a la alimentación. La consideración de problemas sensoriales como factor subyacente al problema de alimentación ha sido clave en la mejoría nutricional de este niño. Asimismo, este caso clínico contribuye a la evidencia sobre el uso de la terapia ocupacional basada en el enfoque de la integración sensorial de la Dra. Ayres para abordar la relación entre el procesamiento sensorial, la conducta y el desempeño ocupacional (AU)

Objective: This article describes the multidisciplinary treatment of a 5 year old child with malnutrition, selective feeding, lack of appetite and sensory over-responsiveness to oral and tactile stimuli. An intervention based on a close collaboration between a pediatrician, a dietician-nutritionist and an occupational therapist was used to treat the feeding problem. A description of the 4 and half months of treatment and a 2 month follow-up is presented. Methods: Interviews with the family and pediatric, nutrition and occupational therapy progress notes are analyzed. Progress towards nutritional objectives, acceptance of food and active participation in the feeding process is presented. Results: The normalization of the nutritional status is documented through monitoring of body mass and anthropometric data by the pediatrician and nutritionist. Improvement in meal participation and acceptance of a greater amount and variety of foods is documented through interviews with parents and direct observations in the occupational therapy sessions. The improvement in oral and tactile sensory reactivity is documented using a standardized questionnaire (Sensory Profile). Conclusion: This clinical case report contributes to the existing evidence on the use of a multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of children with malnutrition and refusal to feed. Consideration of sensory issues as an underlying factor to the feeding problem has been instrumental in the nutritional improvement of this child. This clinical case also contributes to the evidence on the use of occupational therapy based on Dr. Ayres sensory integration approach in addressing the relationship between (AU)

Incidencia de resultados negativos de medicación en un servicio de urgencias hospitalario y factores asociados / Incidence rate of adverse drug effects in a hospital emergency unit and its associated factors

Introducción Los resultados negativos de la medicación (RNM) motivan entre un 0,86–38,2% de las urgencias hospitalarias y en un alto porcentaje son evitables. La prescripción racional y el seguimiento farmacoterapéutico reducen la aparición de estos problemas de salud. Método Estudio en el servicio de urgencias de un hospital de tercer nivel con selección de pacientes por muestreo aleatorio bietápico. La información se obtuvo de un cuestionario validado y de la historia clínica. Los datos se estructuraron dentro del siguiente esquema causa-efecto: 1) factores potenciales de riesgo de un RNM; 2) efectos provocados de manera plausible por fármacos; 3) consecuencias del RNM, y 4) potenciales factores de confusión. La información obtenida fue evaluada según la metodología Dáder por cuatro evaluadores independientes. Resultados Se incluyeron 840 pacientes en el estudio, de los cuales el 33% acudió a urgencias por un RNM. Los RNM se observaron con mayor frecuencia en las mujeres, con mayor consumo de fármacos, en los pacientes mayores, en aquellos con alguna enfermedad de base y en los pertenecientes a clases sociales más desfavorecidas. Los factores que determinan el riesgo de aparición de los RNM son la cantidad de medicamentos consumidos, el sexo y el índice de prácticas de la salud. Discusión Un tercio de las urgencias hospitalarias fueron debidas a RNM y se asociaron a los mismos factores que otros estudios (número de fármacos consumidos, sexo femenino, edad y clase social). Además, se observó un predominio de los RNM en los pacientes con valores bajos del índice de prácticas de la salud y en aquellos con enfermedades de base (AU)

Introduction Adverse drug effects (ADEs) are the reason for 0.86% to 38.2% of hospital emergency admissions, and a large percentage of them are avoidable. Rational prescription and pharmacotherapy monitoring decrease the appearance of such health problems. Method Study performed in a tertiary hospital emergency unit with patients selected using a two-phase random sample. The information was obtained from a validated questionnaire and from the clinical history. The data were grouped according to the following cause-effect schema: 1-Potential risk factors for an ADE. 2-Effects likely to be caused by drugs. 3-Consequences of ADEs. 4-Potential confounding factors. The information obtained was evaluated by four independent evaluators using the Dader method.Results840 patients were included in the study, and 33% of them came to the emergency unit due to an ADE. ADEs were more frequently observed in female patients, those with higher drug consumption, older patients, those with an underlying illness and in those from underprivileged backgrounds. The factors determining risk of an ADE are the quantity of drugs consumed, sex and the health practices index. Discussion One third of hospital emergency admissions were due to ADEs, and these were associated with the same factors found in other studies (number of drugs consumed, female sex, age and social background). In addition, we observed that ADEs are predominant in patients with low values on the health practices index, and in those with underlying illnesses (AU)

[Incidence rate of adverse drug effects in a hospital emergency unit and its associated factors]. / Incidencia de resultados negativos de medicación en un servicio de urgencias hospitalario y factores asociados.

INTRODUCTION: Adverse drug effects (ADEs) are the reason for 0.86% to 38.2% of hospital emergency admissions, and a large percentage of them are avoidable. Rational prescription and pharmacotherapy monitoring decrease the appearance of such health problems. METHOD: Study performed in a tertiary hospital emergency unit with patients selected using a two-phase random sample. The information was obtained from a validated questionnaire and from the clinical history. The data were grouped according to the following cause-effect schema: 1-Potential risk factors for an ADE. 2-Effects likely to be caused by drugs. 3-Consequences of ADEs. 4-Potential confounding factors. The information obtained was evaluated by four independent evaluators using the Dader method. RESULTS: 840 patients were included in the study, and 33% of them came to the emergency unit due to an ADE. ADEs were more frequently observed in female patients, those with higher drug consumption, older patients, those with an underlying illness and in those from underprivileged backgrounds. The factors determining risk of an ADE are the quantity of drugs consumed, sex and the health practices index. DISCUSSION: One third of hospital emergency admissions were due to ADEs, and these were associated with the same factors found in other studies (number of drugs consumed, female sex, age and social background). In addition, we observed that ADEs are predominant in patients with low values on the health practices index, and in those with underlying illnesses.