Consumo de antibióticos en pediatría de atención primaria antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Use of antibiotics in Paediatric Primary Health Care before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introducción: En España existe un alto consumo de antibióticos, especialmente en los primeros años de vida. Un uso excesivo de antimicrobianos contribuye a la aparición de resistencias. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la evolución del consumo de antibióticos en población pediátrica entre 2014 y 2021 en la atención primaria del Principado de Asturias, y estudiar el impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 sobre el mismo. Métodos: Estudio observacional y retrospectivo que recoge las prescripciones de antibacterianos para uso sistémico dispensadas a partir de recetas oficiales emitidas para pacientes menores de 14 años en atención primaria. Se mide el consumo en dosis diarias definidas (DDD) por 1.000 habitantes y día (DHD). Resultados: La tasa de consumo de antibióticos descendió desde 13,9DHD en 2014 a 4,0 en 2021 (β=−1,42; p=0,002) con un punto de inflexión en el año 2019. Entre 2019 y 2020 el descenso fue del 47,1%. El consumo se mantuvo en niveles muy bajos entre abril de 2020 y septiembre de 2021, con un repunte contenido desde octubre de 2021. La prevalencia de uso de antibióticos cayó desde el 39,9% en 2014 al 17,5% en 2021 (β=−3,64; p=0,006). Disminuyó el consumo relativo de amoxicilina-clavulánico y aumentó el de amoxicilina y cefalosporinas de tercera generación. Conclusión: En Asturias, el consumo pediátrico de antibióticos en atención primaria se desplomó a partir de 2020, coincidiendo con la COVID-19. La monitorización de estos indicadores permitirá comprobar en qué medida se mantienen los cambios en el tiempo.(AU)

Introduction: Consumption of antibiotics is high in Spain, primarily in children. Excessive use of then contributes to the development of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of our study is to analyse the evolution of antibiotic consumption at the Primary Health Care in the paediatric population of Asturias, Spain, from 2014 to 2021, and to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on it. Methods: Retrospective and observational study using data about antibacterial agents for systemic use dispensed for official prescriptions to children under 14 years in Primary Care. Antibiotic consumption is expressed as defined daily dose (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID). Results: The antibiotic consumption rate dropped from 13.9 DID in 2014 to 4.0 in 2021 (β=−1.42, P=.002), with and inflection point in 2019. From 2019 to 2020 antibiotic use dropped by 47.1%. Antibiotic consumption remained very low from April 2020 to September 2021, and then moderately increased from October 2021. Prevalence of antibiotic use dropped from 39.9% in 2014 to 17.5% in 2021 (β=−3.64, P=.006). Relative consumption of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid decreased, while those of amoxiciline and third-generation cephalosporins increased. Conclusions: Paediatric antibiotic consumption collapsed in Asturias in 2020, coinciding with COVID-19 pandemic. Monitoring of antimicrobial usage indicators will allow to check if these changes are sustained over time.(AU)

Impacto del confinamiento por COVID-19 en la prescripción de benzodiacepinas / Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the prescription of benzodiazepines

Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del confinamiento por COVID-19 sobre la prescripción de benzodiacepinas según edad, sexo y zona básica de salud. Diseño: Estudio observacional longitudinal. Emplazamiento: Atención primaria. Área V de Salud del Principado de Asturias. Participantes: Mayores de 15 años a los que se prescribieron benzodiacepinas entre 2017 y 2020. Mediciones principales: Diferencia de las medias de dosis diaria definida por 1.000 habitantes (DHD) mensual de benzodiacepinas entre el periodo definido como preconfinamiento y el confinamiento. Además, se ajusta la diferencia por edad, sexo y zona básica de salud, así como por la interacción entre ellas. Resultados: La DHD media preconfinamiento fue 131,3 y 139,5 durante el confinamiento; en el análisis crudo, esta diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa (IC 95% 4,1 a 12,1). Se objetivó un aumento de DHD media en el grupo de 60-74 años (IC 95% 2,28 a 21,42) y en el de 90 años o más (IC 95% 21,31 a 40,63), así como en las mujeres (IC 95% 3,51 a 14,59). Finalmente, se observó una disminución de DHD media en las zonas básicas V11 (IC 95% -29 a -0,66) y V14 (IC 95% -54,28 a -25,04). Conclusiones: Determinados subgrupos muestran un cambio en la tendencia de dispensación de benzodiacepinas sin poder atribuirse completamente al confinamiento. Creemos que pueda existir una inercia terapéutica en la prescripción de psicofármacos, según las características biopsicosociales del paciente, que es importante detectar para evitar la medicalización de cuadros psicológicos.(AU)

Objective: To evaluate the effect of COVID-19 lockdown on the prescription of benzodiazepines by gender, age and district health departments. Design: Longitudinal observational study. Location: Primary care. Asturias (Spain) health district V. Participants: People over 15 years of age with filled benzodiazepine prescriptions in between 2017 and 2020. Main measurements: Benzodiazepine DHD (defined daily dose per 1000 habitants) mean difference between the period defined as pre-lockdown and lockdown. Additionally, the difference was adjusted for gender, sex and district health department and also with the interaction among them. Results: DHD mean pre-lockdown was 131.3 and 139.5 in the lockdown; this difference was significant in the global analysis (95% CI: 4.1–12.1). There was an increase in the DHD mean in the 60–74 age group (95% CI: 2.28–21.42), in the group over 90 years old (95% CI: 21.31–40.63) and in women (95% CI: 3.51–14.59). Finally, a decrease in the DHD mean of V11 (95% CI: -29 to -0.66) and V14 (95% CI: -54.28 to -25.04) district health departments was observed.Conclusions: Certain subgroups show a change in the pattern of benzodiazepine prescription without being able to relate this to the lockdown. We believe that there could be some inertia in the prescription of psychiatric medication according to the biopsychosocial characteristics of the patients; it is important to detect this in order to avoid the medicalization of psychological disorders.(AU)

Use of antibiotics in Paediatric Primary Health Care before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

INTRODUCTION: Consumption of antibiotics is high in Spain, primarily in children. Excessive use of then contributes to the development of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of our study is to analyse the evolution of antibiotic consumption at the Primary Health Care in the paediatric population of Asturias, Spain, from 2014 to 2021, and to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on it. METHODS: Retrospective and observational study using data about antibacterial agents for systemic use dispensed for official prescriptions to children under 14 years in Primary Care. Antibiotic consumption is expressed as defined daily dose (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID). RESULTS: The antibiotic consumption rate dropped from 13.9 DID in 2014 to 4.0 in 2021 (ß=-1,42, p=0,002), with and inflection point in 2019. From 2019 to 2020 antibiotic use dropped by 47.1%. Antibiotic consumption remained very low from April 2020 to September 2021, and then moderately increased from October 2021. Prevalence of antibiotic use dropped from 39.9% in 2014 to 17.5% in 2021 (ß=-3,64, p=0,006). Relative consumption of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid decreased, while those of amoxiciline and third-generation cephalosporins increased. CONCLUSIONS: Paediatric antibiotic consumption collapsed in Asturias in 2020, coinciding with COVID-19 pandemic. Monitoring of antimicrobial usage indicators will allow to check if these changes are sustained over time.

[Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the prescription of benzodiazepines]. / Impacto del confinamiento por COVID-19 en la prescripción de benzodiacepinas.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of COVID-19 lockdown on the prescription of benzodiazepines by gender, age and district health departments. DESIGN: Longitudinal observational study. LOCATION: Primary care. Asturias (Spain) health district V. PARTICIPANTS: People over 15 years of age with filled benzodiazepine prescriptions in between 2017 and 2020. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Benzodiazepine DHD (defined daily dose per 1000 habitants) mean difference between the period defined as pre-lockdown and lockdown. Additionally, the difference was adjusted for gender, sex and district health department and also with the interaction among them. RESULTS: DHD mean pre-lockdown was 131.3 and 139.5 in the lockdown; this difference was significant in the global analysis (95% CI: 4.1-12.1). There was an increase in the DHD mean in the 60-74 age group (95% CI: 2.28-21.42), in the group over 90 years old (95% CI: 21.31-40.63) and in women (95% CI: 3.51-14.59). Finally, a decrease in the DHD mean of V11 (95% CI: -29 to -0.66) and V14 (95% CI: -54.28 to -25.04) district health departments was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Certain subgroups show a change in the pattern of benzodiazepine prescription without being able to relate this to the lockdown. We believe that there could be some inertia in the prescription of psychiatric medication according to the biopsychosocial characteristics of the patients; it is important to detect this in order to avoid the medicalization of psychological disorders.

Consumo de antibióticos en atención primaria en población adulta de Asturias durante el periodo 2014-2020 / Antibiotic consumption in primary care in the adult population of Asturias during 2014–2020 period

Objetivo: Estudiar la evolución del consumo de antibióticos en población adulta en el ámbito de Atención Primaria (AP) del Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA) durante 2014-2020.DiseñoEstudio observacional retrospectivo.EmplazamientoAP del SESPA.ParticipantesPoblación de la base de datos de Tarjeta Sanitaria Individual.IntervencionesSe recogieron datos de prescripción de antibióticos, realizada en las consultas de medicina de familia, dispensados en las oficinas de farmacia con cargo al SESPA. Se analizaron variables de uso y consumo de antibióticos mediante modelos de regresión lineal.Mediciones principalesPrevalencia de uso de antibióticos (porcentaje población); tasa de consumo de antibióticos de uso sistémico (DTD), consumo relativo de antibióticos de espectro reducido (porcentaje DDD).ResultadosLa prevalencia media del uso de antibióticos del periodo 2014-2019 fue de 32,2% y 23,9% en 2020. La tasa de consumo de antibióticos de uso sistémico pasó de 21,4 DTD en 2014 a 12,7 DTD en 2020. El consumo de antibióticos de espectro reducido se mantuvo estable (19,4% DDD en 2014 y 19,3% DDD en 2020) (IC95: -0,10, 0,26). En el periodo de marzo a diciembre de 2020, el consumo de antibióticos se redujo un 28,6% respecto al mismo periodo de 2019.ConclusionesEn 2014-2020 el consumo de antibióticos disminuyó, especialmente a partir de la pandemia por COVID-19, con estabilización del consumo de antibióticos de espectro reducido respecto al total. Existe variabilidad en el consumo por subgrupos terapéuticos.

Trend study of the consumption of systemic antibiotics in the adult population in of Primary Care of the Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA) during the period 2014̶2020. Retrospective observational study. SESPA, Primary Care. Population from the Individual Health Card database. Data were collected on the prescription of antibiotics, carried out in the family medicine consultations, dispensed in the pharmacy offices with charge of SESPA. Antibiotic use and consumption variables were analyzed using linear regression models. Prevalence of antibiotic use (population percentage); consumption rate of systemic antibiotics (DTD), relative consumption of narrow-spectrum antibiotics (percentage DDD). The average prevalence of the use of antibiotics for the 2014̶2019 period was 32.2% and 23.9% in 2020. The rate of consumption of systemic antibiotics decreased from 21.4 DTD in 2014 to 12.7 DTD in 2020. The consumption of narrow-spectrum antibiotics remained stable (19.4% DDD in 2014 and 19.3% DDD in 2020) (CI95: −0.10, 0.26). In the period from March to December 2020, the consumption of antibiotics decreased by 28.6% compared to the same period in 2019. In 2014̶2020, the consumption of antibiotics decreased, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, with stabilization of the consumption of narrow-spectrum antibiotics compared to the total. There is variability in consumption by therapeutic subgroups.

[Antibiotic consumption in primary care in the adult population of Asturias during 2014-2020 period]. / Consumo de antibióticos en atención primaria en población adulta de Asturias durante el periodo 2014-2020.

Trend study of the consumption of systemic antibiotics in the adult population in of Primary Care of the Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA) during the period 2014̶2020. Retrospective observational study. SESPA, Primary Care. Population from the Individual Health Card database. Data were collected on the prescription of antibiotics, carried out in the family medicine consultations, dispensed in the pharmacy offices with charge of SESPA. Antibiotic use and consumption variables were analyzed using linear regression models. Prevalence of antibiotic use (population percentage); consumption rate of systemic antibiotics (DTD), relative consumption of narrow-spectrum antibiotics (percentage DDD). The average prevalence of the use of antibiotics for the 2014̶2019 period was 32.2% and 23.9% in 2020. The rate of consumption of systemic antibiotics decreased from 21.4 DTD in 2014 to 12.7 DTD in 2020. The consumption of narrow-spectrum antibiotics remained stable (19.4% DDD in 2014 and 19.3% DDD in 2020) (CI95: -0.10, 0.26). In the period from March to December 2020, the consumption of antibiotics decreased by 28.6% compared to the same period in 2019. In 2014̶2020, the consumption of antibiotics decreased, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, with stabilization of the consumption of narrow-spectrum antibiotics compared to the total. There is variability in consumption by therapeutic subgroups.

[Health literacy and educational necessities perceived by adolescents in an area of Asturias, a cross-sectional study.] / Alfabetización en salud y necesidades formativas percibidas por adolescentes en un área de Asturias, un estudio transversal.

OBJECTIVE: In view of the unfavourable results of the HLS-EU Project in Spain and given that there are hardly any studies about health literacy (HL) in adolescents, it was proposed as main objective to determine the degree of HL of adolescents after Obligatory Secondary Education (OSE) and the educational necessities which they perceive in Health Education (HE). METHODS: Observational descriptive cross-sectional study with students in their first year of Upper Secondary Education for the academic year 2018/2019 from Healthcare Area V (Asturias). It was an equi-probabilistic one-stage cluster sampling, selecting 12 classrooms with 323 students. The HLS-EU-Q16 questionnaire was used to measure the HL and a self-designed one about educational necessities, which was validated by the Regional Ministry of Education and Culture. A descriptive and Bayesian inference analysis was performed in R 3.5.2. RESULTS: 206 individuals were studied. HL proved sufficient in 55.8%, problematic in 40.3% and inadequate in 3.9%. A 98.6% considered training in HE necessary, preferring workshops and one-time talks (58.7%). HL only showed relation with self-perceived health, and not with sex, mothers'/fathers'/guardians' educational level nor having received HE. CONCLUSIONS: Almost half of adolescents got problematic or inadequate HL, which relates with health risk behaviours and worse use of health resources, according to the evidence. Having received HE did not associated with better HL, which suggests that currently their educational necessities are not covered.

OBJETIVO: A la vista de los resultados desfavorables del Proyecto HLS-EU en España y, dado que apenas hay estudios de Alfabetización en Salud (AES) en adolescentes, se planteó como objetivo principal determinar el grado de AES tras la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) y las necesidades formativas percibidas en Educación para la Salud (EpS). METODOS: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal con estudiantes de 1º de Bachillerato durante el curso 2018/2019 en el Área Sanitaria V (Asturias). El muestreo fue equiprobabilístico, por conglomerados monoetápico, seleccionando 12 aulas, con 323 alumnos. Se empleó el cuestionario validado HLS-EU-Q16 para medir la AES, así como uno de elaboración propia sobre necesidades formativas, validado por la Consejería de Educación y Cultura. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y de inferencia bayesiana en R 3.5.2. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 206 sujetos. La AES resultó suficiente en el 55,8%, problemática en el 40,3% e inadecuada en el 3,9%. Un 98,6% consideró necesaria la formación en EpS, prefiriendo talleres y charlas puntuales (58,7%). La AES únicamente mostró relación con la salud autopercibida, y no con el sexo, el nivel de estudios de padres/madres/tutores o haber recibido EpS. CONCLUSIONES: Casi la mitad de adolescentes obtuvieron una AES problemática o inadecuada, que se relaciona, según la evidencia, con conductas de riesgo para la salud y peor uso de los recursos sanitarios. Haber recibido EpS no se asoció a una mejor AES, lo que sugiere que las necesidades en EpS no están cubiertas actualmente.

Transvaginal Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration of Adnexal Cysts With a Low Risk of Malignancy: Our Experience and Recommendations.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of ultrasound (US)-guided aspiration for the management of low-risk adnexal cysts. METHODS: A longitudinal cohort of women with a low-risk adnexal cyst who underwent transvaginal US-guided aspiration from January 2012 to April 2018 were included. All procedures were performed on an outpatient basis, without anesthesia, sedation, or antibiotics. The posttreatment follow-up protocol included transvaginal US at 3 and 12 months. Potential risk factors for recurrence (ie, age, menopausal status, comorbidities, symptoms, cyst diameter, incomplete emptying, and location) were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 156 patients were included. The median (interquartile range) cyst diameter was 66 (58-80) mm. Fifty-seven (36.5%) cases were resolved by US-guided aspiration. The median follow-up time was 556.5 (344-1070.25) days. The complication rate of the procedure was 2.6% (n = 4), with 3 cases of a major complication due to a pelvic abscess and 1 case of a minor complication due to self-limited vaginal spotting. A larger cyst size (odds ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.07; P = .002) and an older age (odds ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.05; P = .007) at diagnosis were independent factors related to recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the low resolution rate, US-guided aspiration is not an effective option for the treatment of low-risk adnexal cysts. Risk factors associated with recurrence were age and cyst size at diagnosis. Larger randomized studies are necessary to assess predictive factors for cyst recurrence.

[Cumulative incidence, comorbility and disability for anxiety disorders in patients of a mutual worker accident.] / Incidencia acumulada, comorbilidad e incapacidad por trastornos de ansiedad en pacientes de una mutua de accidentes de trabajo.

OBJECTIVE: Neurotic disorders are one of the main health problems of Western societies. Its impact on labor productivity grows exponentially with an increase in its incidence and the duration of temporary disability (TD) processes. To know the characteristics of the patients belonging to a mutual of work accidents who had transient disability due to neurotic disorders, their temporal and geographic distribution, their comorbidities and those variables that affected their duration. METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study of the workers protected from a mutual of work accidents, national scope, who studied a disability period between 2006-2016 with diagnoses included between codes 300 and 300.9 of the CIE-9-CM, corresponding to Neurotic Disorders. We analyze clinical-demographic variables of patients, comorbidities during studied period and distributions by year and province, by Bayesian inference. We performed a logistic regression for the dependent variable duration of the TD adjusted for age, sex, toxic consumption, consultations, year, regulatory base and payment type. RESULTS: We registered 56,619 processes in Spain, which corresponded to 1.5% of the total TD processes served in the period. The highest percentage of cases was grouped between 2007 and 2009, when 11% of the population were registered annually. The variables associated with an increase in this duration were: older age, male sex, psychiatric and psychological consultations, diagnostic year, regulatory base (whose average was 50.5 euros) and type of payment (delegate in 78.2% of cases and direct in 21.8%). The prevalence by provinces was more marked in the north and the islands (Barcelona, Lleida, Las Palmas, Islas Baleares, Coruña, Cantabria, Girona, Álava, Tarragona, Pontevedra y Asturias they have more than 6%).The durations of the disability were greater in the east of the country. The most prevalent comorbidities during the study period were low back pain (with an average of 65.1 days of IT anxiety), cervical pain (with an average of 67 days) and digestive disorders (with an average of 59.4 days). CONCLUSIONS: There are comorbidities and variables associated with the temporary disability derived from neurotic disorders, with geographical differences. Deepening their knowledge and impact could promote better preventive and therapeutic approaches that allow an earlier functional recovery.

OBJETIVO: Los trastornos neuróticos constituyen uno de los principales problemas de salud de las sociedades occidentales. Su repercusión sobre la productividad laboral crece exponencialmente con aumento de su incidencia y de la duración de los procesos de incapacidad temporal (IT). El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer las características de los pacientes pertenecientes a una mutua de accidentes de trabajo que cursaron IT por trastornos neuróticos, así como saber su distribución temporal y geográfica, sus comorbilidades y todas aquellas variables que repercutieron sobre la duración de la incapacidad. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los trabajadores protegidos de una mutua de accidentes de trabajo de ámbito nacional, los cuales cursaron un periodo de IT entre 2006 y 2016. Presentaban diagnósticos comprendidos entre los códigos 300 y 300.9 del CIE-9-CM, correspondientes a los Trastornos Neuróticos. Analizamos las variables clínico-demográficas de los pacientes, las comorbilidades y las distribuciones por año y provincia con inferencia bayesiana. Realizamos una regresión logística para la variable dependiente "duración de la IT", ajustada por edad, sexo, consumo de tóxicos, número de consultas, año, base reguladora y tipo de pago. RESULTADOS: Registramos 56.619 procesos, que correspondieron al 1,5% del total de los procesos de IT atendidos en el período. El mayor porcentaje de casos (11%) se agrupó entre 2007 y 2009. Registramos una duración media de la IT de 71,8 días (DE: 65,7). Las variables asociadas a un aumento de la duración fueron: mayor edad, sexo varón, con consultas a psiquiatría y psicología, año de diagnóstico, base reguladora (la media fue de 50,5 euros) y tipo de pago (delegado en el 78,2% de los casos y directo en el 21,8%). La incidencia acumulada por provincias fue más marcada en el norte y en las islas (Barcelona, Lleida, Las Palmas, Islas Baleares, Coruña, Cantabria, Girona, Álava, Tarragona, Pontevedra y Asturias la tienen superior al 6%). Las duraciones medias de la IT fueron mayores al este de España. Las comorbilidades más prevalentes durante el periodo de estudio fueron la lumbalgia (asociándose con una media de 65,1 días de la IT ansiedad), la cervicalgia (media de 67 días) y los trastornos digestivos (media de 59,4 días). CONCLUSIONES: Existen comorbilidades y variables asociadas a la incapacidad temporal derivada de los trastornos neuróticos, con diferencias geográficas. Ahondar en su conocimiento e impacto podría promover mejores abordajes preventivos y terapéuticos, que permitan una recuperación funcional más temprana.

Factores asociados al nivel de ansiedad y de conocimientos sobre puericultura y lactancia de embarazadas primerizas / Factors associated with the anxiety level and knowledge about childcare and lactation in first-time pregnant women

Objetivo: Conocer el nivel de ansiedad y conocimientos de puericultura y lactancia de las embarazadas primerizas actuales, y las variables clínico-demográficas con las que se relacionan. Diseño: Estudio transversal. Emplazamiento: Siete centros de salud del Área V (Asturias). Participantes: Embarazadas primerizas que completaron cursos preparto del 01.06.2015 al 31.10.2015, excluyendo gestación múltiple, embarazo de riesgo, lactancia materna (LM) contraindicada y problemas lingüísticos. Intervenciones: Cuestionario de variables sociodemográficas, cuestionario ansiedad STAI y 23 preguntas sobre puericultura y lactancia. Mediciones principales: Realizamos análisis descriptivo y coeficientes de regresión lineal múltiple (programa R). Resultados; Captamos 104 embarazadas, con una edad media de 34,2(DE: 4,5) años; el 94,2% eran españolas, el 61,5% universitarias, el 17,3% fumadoras en el embarazo, y el 23,1% tenía antecedentes psicopatológicos. El 88,4% planeaba dar LM. El STAI estado (STAI-E) medio fue de 18,1(DE: 7,4) y puntuaron 4,5(DE: 2,3) errores de media. Las preguntas más falladas versaban sobre causas de fiebre (56,7%), medición de fiebre (54,8%) y deposiciones fisiológicas (55,7%). El análisis multivariante entre conocimientos y perfil mostró asociaciones estadísticamente significativas con ser extranjera, universitaria, con planificación del embarazo y con la matrona. En relación con el STAI-E, este fue significativo para ser fumadora, haber recibido LM, antecedentes psicopatológicos y matrona. Conclusiones: Las embarazadas actuales que completan cursos preparto son principalmente maduras, universitarias y españolas. Poseen buenos conceptos sobre lactancia pero muchas desconocen conceptos básicos de fiebre y deposiciones del lactante. Las madres extranjeras, con embarazo no deseado y estudios primarios parecen tener conceptos más confusos. Las madres fumadoras, con antecedentes psicopatológicos y que no han recibido LM presentan más ansiedad. La matrona influye significativamente sobre la ansiedad y los conceptos adquiridos

Objective: To know the level of anxiety and knowledge of childcare and lactation of the current pregnant women, and the clinical-demographic variables with which they are related. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting:Seven health centers of Area V (Asturias). Participants: First-time pregnant women who completed preparatory courses from 01.06.2015 to 31.10.2015, excluding multiple gestation, risk pregnancy, contraindicated breastfeeding and language problems. Interventions: Sociodemographic variables questionnaire, STAI state anxiety questionnaire and 23 questions about childcare and lactation. Main measurements: We performed descriptive and multivariate analysis (program R) of the variables of the questionnaire. Results: We captured 104 pregnant women; average age 34.2(SD: 4.5), 94.2% Spanish, 61.5% university, 17.3% smokers in pregnancy, 23.1% with psychopathological antecedents; 88.4% planned to give breastfeeding. The mean STAI-S was 18.1(SD: 7.4) and scored 4.5(SD: 2.3) mean errors. The most faulty ones were on causes of fever (56.7%), fever measurement (54.8%) and physiological stools (55.7%). The multivariate analysis between knowledge and profile showed statistically significant associations with: being foreign, university, pregnancy planning and matron. In relation to the STAI-S was significant for being a smoker, receiving breastfeeding, psychopathological antecedents and matron. Conclusions: The current pregnant women who complete preparatory courses are mainly mature, university and Spanish. They have good concepts about breastfeeding but many are unaware of basic concepts of fever and stool of the infant. Foreign mothers with unwanted pregnancy and primary education seem to have more confusing concepts. Smoking mothers with psychopathological antecedents and who have not received breastfeeding present more anxiety. The matron significantly influences anxiety and acquired concepts

Validez de la ecografía abdominal en Atención Primaria para detección de aneurisma de aorta abdominal en varones de entre 65 y 75 años / Validity of the abdominal ecography in primary care for detection of aorta abdominal aneurism in male between 65 and 75 years

Objetivos: Determinar la validez de la ecografía en Atención Primaria (AP) para detección de aneurisma de aorta abdominal (AAA) en varones de 65 a 75 años y la concordancia interobservador en el diagnóstico entre médicos de AP y el referente del área (Cirugía Vascular). Estimar la prevalencia de AAA en dicha población y su relación con factores de riesgo. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Emplazamiento: Centros de Salud Coto y Calzada II (Gijón). Participantes: Varones nacidos entre el 1/1/1939 y el 31/12/1950. Intervención: De 2.511 varones se seleccionaron 407 mediante muestreo aleatorizado estratificado. Se realizó medición ecográfica del diámetro aórtico. Se derivaron para segunda medida en Cirugía Vascular a aquellos con ≥ 3 cm y un 20% de los < 3 cm. Variables: Dependiente: presencia/ausencia de aneurisma; independientes: edad, perímetro abdominal, tabaco, hipertensión arterial, diabetes, dislipidemia, antecedentes familiares de AAA, accidente cerebrovascular y enfermedad coronaria. Análisis estadístico: inferencia bayesiana con modelos para proporciones y regresión logística multivariante. Resultados: De 304 ecografías realizadas, fueron derivados 13 sujetos con sospecha de AAA y 63 con ecografía normal. Se obtuvo una sensibilidad del 93,3% y una especificidad del 98,5% con intervalo de credibilidad (ICred) del 95% (75,4-99,9% y 94,3-100%), respectivamente; una prevalencia del 4,6% (ICred95%: 2,5-7,2%) y coeficiente de correlación intraclase entre AP y Cirugía Vascular de 0,88 (ICred95%: 0,79-0,94). Edad, tabaco, hipertensión, dislipidemia y diabetes mostraron incrementar de forma relevante la odds de prevalencia de AAA. Conclusiones: La ecografía en AP realizada por médicos de familia tras una formación básica para detección de AAA muestra muy alta validez diagnóstica. Habría que valorar con estudios más amplios de efectividad la pertinencia de implantar un sistema de detección precoz de AAA en población de riesgo

Objective: To determine the usefulness of ultrasound examination in Primary Care (PC) for the detection of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in male patients from 65-75 years old, as well as the consistency between observers on the diagnosis between general practitioners and the reference specialty in this area, Vascular Surgery. To estimate the prevalence of AAA in that population and its association with risk factors. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Location: Healthcare Centres of Coto and Calzada II (Gijón, Spain). Participants: Males born between 1 January 1939 and 31 December 1950. Interventions: From the 2,511 males found, 407 were selected using stratified random sampling. Aortic diameter was measured, with those ≥ 3 cm and 20% from the < 3 cm being referred for a second measurement by a vascular surgeon. Variables: Dependent: presence/absence of aneurism. Independent: age, abdominal perimeter, smoking, arterial hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, familial cases of AAA, cerebrovascular accident, and coronary disease. The analysis was performed using Bayesian inference with models for proportions and a multivariate logistic regression. Results: From 304 ultrasound scans performed, 13 were referred with suspicion of AAA, and 63 with were within normal. The sensitivity was 93.3% and specificity 98.5% with a 95% credibility interval (CredI) of 75.4-99.9%, and 94.3-100%, respectively. The prevalence was 4.6% (95% CredI: 2.5-7.2%, and the intraclass correlation coefficient between PC and Vascular Surgery was 0.88 (95% CredI: 0.79-0.94). Age, smoking, dyslipidaemia, and diabetes tended to increase the odds of prevalence of AAA. Conclusion: The ultrasound performed by GPs for the detection of AAA had high diagnostic validity. Further studies on the effectiveness should be conducted in order to assess the appropriateness of introducing a system of early detection of AAA in the risk population

[Validity of the abdominal ecography in primary care for detection of aorta abdominal aneurism in male between 65 and 75 years]. / Validez de la ecografía abdominal en Atención Primaria para detección de aneurisma de aorta abdominal en varones de entre 65 y 75 años.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the usefulness of ultrasound examination in Primary Care (PC) for the detection of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in male patients from 65-75 years old, as well as the consistency between observers on the diagnosis between general practitioners and the reference specialty in this area, Vascular Surgery. To estimate the prevalence of AAA in that population and its association with risk factors. DESIGN: Cross-sectional descriptive study. LOCATION: Healthcare Centres of Coto and Calzada II (Gijón, Spain). PARTICIPANTS: Males born between 1 January 1939 and 31 December 1950. INTERVENTIONS: From the 2,511 males found, 407 were selected using stratified random sampling. Aortic diameter was measured, with those ≥3cm and 20% from the <3cm being referred for a second measurement by a vascular surgeon. VARIABLES: Dependent: presence/absence of aneurism. Independent: age, abdominal perimeter, smoking, arterial hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, familial cases of AAA, cerebrovascular accident, and coronary disease. The analysis was performed using Bayesian inference with models for proportions and a multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: From 304 ultrasound scans performed, 13 were referred with suspicion of AAA, and 63 with were within normal. The sensitivity was 93.3% and specificity 98.5% with a 95% credibility interval (CredI) of 75.4-99.9%, and 94.3-100%, respectively. The prevalence was 4.6% (95% CredI: 2.5-7.2%, and the intraclass correlation coefficient between PC and Vascular Surgery was 0.88 (95% CredI: 0.79-0.94). Age, smoking, dyslipidaemia, and diabetes tended to increase the odds of prevalence of AAA. CONCLUSION: The ultrasound performed by GPs for the detection of AAA had high diagnostic validity. Further studies on the effectiveness should be conducted in order to assess the appropriateness of introducing a system of early detection of AAA in the risk population.

[Factors associated with the anxiety level and knowledge about childcare and lactation in first-time pregnant women]. / Factores asociados al nivel de ansiedad y de conocimientos sobre puericultura y lactancia de embarazadas primerizas.

OBJECTIVE: To know the level of anxiety and knowledge of childcare and lactation of the current pregnant women, and the clinical-demographic variables with which they are related. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Seven health centers of Area V (Asturias). PARTICIPANTS: First-time pregnant women who completed preparatory courses from 01.06.2015 to 31.10.2015, excluding multiple gestation, risk pregnancy, contraindicated breastfeeding and language problems. INTERVENTIONS: Sociodemographic variables questionnaire, STAI state anxiety questionnaire and 23 questions about childcare and lactation. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: We performed descriptive and multivariate analysis (program R) of the variables of the questionnaire. RESULTS: We captured 104 pregnant women; average age 34.2(SD: 4.5), 94.2% Spanish, 61.5% university, 17.3% smokers in pregnancy, 23.1% with psychopathological antecedents; 88.4% planned to give breastfeeding. The mean STAI-S was 18.1(SD: 7.4) and scored 4.5(SD: 2.3) mean errors. The most faulty ones were on causes of fever (56.7%), fever measurement (54.8%) and physiological stools (55.7%). The multivariate analysis between knowledge and profile showed statistically significant associations with: being foreign, university, pregnancy planning and matron. In relation to the STAI-S was significant for being a smoker, receiving breastfeeding, psychopathological antecedents and matron. CONCLUSIONS: The current pregnant women who complete preparatory courses are mainly mature, university and Spanish. They have good concepts about breastfeeding but many are unaware of basic concepts of fever and stool of the infant. Foreign mothers with unwanted pregnancy and primary education seem to have more confusing concepts. Smoking mothers with psychopathological antecedents and who have not received breastfeeding present more anxiety. The matron significantly influences anxiety and acquired concepts.

Incidencia acumulada, comorbilidad e incapacidad por trastornos de ansiedad en pacientes de una mutua de accidentes de trabajo / Cumulative incidence, comorbility and disability for anxiety disorders in patients of a mutual worker accident

OBJETIVO: Los trastornos neuróticos constituyen uno de los principales problemas de salud de las sociedades occidentales. Su repercusión sobre la productividad laboral crece exponencialmente con aumento de su incidencia y de la duración de los procesos de incapacidad temporal (IT). El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer las características de los pacientes pertenecientes a una mutua de accidentes de trabajo que cursaron IT por trastornos neuróticos, así como saber su distribución temporal y geográfica, sus comorbilidades y todas aquellas variables que repercutieron sobre la duración de la incapacidad. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los trabajadores protegidos de una mutua de accidentes de trabajo de ámbito nacional, los cuales cursaron un periodo de IT entre 2006 y 2016. Presentaban diagnósticos comprendidos entre los códigos 300 y 300.9 del CIE-9-CM, correspondientes a los Trastornos Neuróticos. Analizamos las variables clínico-demográficas de los pacientes, las comorbilidades y las distribuciones por año y provincia con inferencia bayesiana. Realizamos una regresión logística para la variable dependiente "duración de la IT", ajustada por edad, sexo, consumo de tóxicos, número de consultas, año, base reguladora y tipo de pago. RESULTADOS: Registramos 56.619 procesos, que correspondieron al 1,5% del total de los procesos de IT atendidos en el período. El mayor porcentaje de casos (11%) se agrupó entre 2007 y 2009. Registramos una duración media de la IT de 71,8 días (DE: 65,7). Las variables asociadas a un aumento de la duración fueron: mayor edad, sexo varón, con consultas a psiquiatría y psicología, año de diagnóstico, base reguladora (la media fue de 50,5 euros) y tipo de pago (delegado en el 78,2% de los casos y directo en el 21,8%). La incidencia acumulada por provincias fue más marcada en el norte y en las islas (Barcelona, Lleida, Las Palmas, Islas Baleares, Coruña, Cantabria, Girona, Álava, Tarragona, Pontevedra y Asturias la tienen superior al 6%). Las duraciones medias de la IT fueron mayores al este de España. Las comorbilidades más prevalentes durante el periodo de estudio fueron la lumbalgia (asociándose con una media de 65,1 días de la IT ansiedad), la cervicalgia (media de 67 días) y los trastornos digestivos (media de 59,4 días). CONCLUSIONES: Existen comorbilidades y variables asociadas a la incapacidad temporal derivada de los trastornos neuróticos, con diferencias geográficas. Ahondar en su conocimiento e impacto podría promover mejores abordajes preventivos y terapéuticos, que permitan una recuperación funcional más temprana

OBJECTIVE: Neurotic disorders are one of the main health problems of Western societies. Its impact on labor productivity grows exponentially with an increase in its incidence and the duration of temporary disability (TD) processes. To know the characteristics of the patients belonging to a mutual of work accidents who had transient disability due to neurotic disorders, their temporal and geographic distribution, their comorbidities and those variables that affected their duration. METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study of the workers protected from a mutual of work accidents, national scope, who studied a disability period between 2006-2016 with diagnoses included between codes 300 and 300.9 of the CIE-9-CM, corresponding to Neurotic Disorders. We analyze clinical-demographic variables of patients, comorbidities during studied period and distributions by year and province, by Bayesian inference. We performed a logistic regression for the dependent variable duration of the TD adjusted for age, sex, toxic consumption, consultations, year, regulatory base and payment type. RESULTS: We registered 56,619 processes in Spain, which corresponded to 1.5% of the total TD processes served in the period. The highest percentage of cases was grouped between 2007 and 2009, when 11% of the population were registered annually. The variables associated with an increase in this duration were: older age, male sex, psychiatric and psychological consultations, diagnostic year, regulatory base (whose average was 50.5 euros) and type of payment (delegate in 78.2% of cases and direct in 21.8%). The prevalence by provinces was more marked in the north and the islands (Barcelona, Lleida, Las Palmas, Islas Baleares, Coruña, Cantabria, Girona, Álava, Tarragona, Pontevedra y Asturias they have more than 6%).The durations of the disability were greater in the east of the country. The most prevalent comorbidities during the study period were low back pain (with an average of 65.1 days of IT anxiety), cervical pain (with an average of 67 days) and digestive disorders (with an average of 59.4 days). CONCLUSIONS: There are comorbidities and variables associated with the temporary disability derived from neurotic disorders, with geographical differences. Deepening their knowledge and impact could promote better preventive and therapeutic approaches that allow an earlier functional recovery

Diminished emotional expression in schizophrenia: an interdisciplinary approach based on behavioral interventions / Expresión emocional disminuida en la esquizofrenia: un abordaje interdisciplinar basado en intervenciones conductuales

Background: Negative symptoms represent the main cause of disability in schizophrenia, having recently been grouped into two general dimensions: avolition and diminished emotional expression, which includes affective flattening and alogia. The aim of this study was to explore the response of these two symptoms to a set of behavioral interventions based on contingency management, performed in an interdisciplinary context. Method: Behaviors of interest were monitored and evaluations before and after the treatment were performed on 9 schizophrenic inpatients with persistent negative symptoms. The program included 12 group double sessions aimed at developing facial expression and verbal communication, and a nursing care plan to generalize and strengthen these behaviors synergistically. Results: there were appreciable differences in facial expression, which were less clear for alogia. The clinical evaluation using PANSS-N did not find notable differences at group level, but the nursing assessment using NOC indicators did. Conclusions: although difficult to modify, negative symptoms are not insensitive to the influence of behavioral interventions. Specific psychological interventions that address negative symptoms as a priority focus of attention and care need to be promoted and developed, particularly when considering the crucial role of context in their progression (AU)

Antecedentes: los síntomas negativos representan la principal causa de discapacidad en la esquizofrenia, habiendo sido agrupados recientemente en dos dimensiones: avolición y expresión emocional disminuida, que incluye el aplanamiento afectivo y la alogia. El objetivo del estudio fue explorar la respuesta de estos dos síntomas a un conjunto de intervenciones conductuales basadas en el manejo de contingencias en un contexto interdisciplinario. Método: se monitorizaron conductas de interés y realizaron medidas pre y post a 9 participantes con esquizofrenia negativa persistente ingresados en dispositivos de rehabilitación. El programa incluyó 12 sesiones grupales dobles dirigidas a trabajar la expresión facial y la comunicación verbal, y un plan de cuidados para fortalecer y generalizar estas conductas. Resultados: se obtuvieron diferencias relevantes en la expresión facial, que fueron menos claras para la alogia. La evaluación clínica mediante la PANSS-N no obtuvo diferencias notables a nivel de grupo, pero sí la valoración mediante indicadores NOC. Conclusiones: aunque difíciles de modificar, los síntomas negativos no son insensibles a la influencia de intervenciones conductuales. Resulta necesario potenciar intervenciones psicológicas específicas que aborden estos síntomas como un foco prioritario de atención y cuidado, considerando el papel crucial del contexto en su evolución (AU)

Diminished emotional expression in schizophrenia: an interdisciplinary approach based on behavioral interventions.

BACKGROUND: Negative symptoms represent the main cause of disability in schizophrenia, having recently been grouped into two general dimensions: avolition and diminished emotional expression, which includes affective flattening and alogia. The aim of this study was to explore the response of these two symptoms to a set of behavioral interventions based on contingency management, performed in an interdisciplinary context. METHOD: Behaviors of interest were monitored and evaluations before and after the treatment were performed on 9 schizophrenic inpatients with persistent negative symptoms. The program included 12 group double sessions aimed at developing facial expression and verbal communication, and a nursing care plan to generalize and strengthen these behaviors synergistically. RESULTS: there were appreciable differences in facial expression, which were less clear for alogia. The clinical evaluation using PANSS-N did not find notable differences at group level, but the nursing assessment using NOC indicators did. CONCLUSIONS: although difficult to modify, negative symptoms are not insensitive to the influence of behavioral interventions. Specific psychological interventions that address negative symptoms as a priority focus of attention and care need to be promoted and developed, particularly when considering the crucial role of context in their progression.

Efecto de la crisis económica sobre el consumo de psicofármacos en Asturias / Effect of the economic crisis on consumption of psychotropic drugs in Asturias (Spain)

Objetivo: Evaluar si la crisis económica de 2008ha comportado cambios en la evolución del consumo de ansiolíticos, hipnótico-sedantes y antidepresivos en Asturias. Método: Estudio descriptivo y de utilización de medicamentos durante 2003-2013. Se calcularon las dosis diarias definidas por 1000 habitantes/día (DHD) de ansiolíticos, hipnótico-sedantes y antidepresivos. Se obtuvieron coeficientes de regresión lineal (b) de las DHD de la etapa precrisis (2003-2008) y de la etapa de crisis (2009-2013). Resultados: El consumo de ansiolíticos creció un 40,25%, el de hipnóticos un 88,11% y el de antidepresivos un 80,93%. Para los ansiolíticos: b-(2003-2008)=4,38 DHD/año y b-(2009-2013)=1,08 DHD/año. Para los hipnótico-sedantes: b-(2003-2008)=2,30 DHD/año y b-(2009-2013)=0,40 DHD/año. Para los antidepresivos: b-(2003-2008)=5,79 DHD/año y b-(2009-2013)=2,83 DHD/año. Conclusiones: El incremento del consumo para los tres subgrupos en la época de crisis fue menor que en la época precrisis. No se confirma que la crisis económica haya influido aumentando el consumo de estos medicamentos (AU)

Objective: To assess whether the economic crisis of 2008 has changed the consumption of anxiolytics, hypnotics-sedatives and antidepressants in Asturias (Spain). Method: We conducted a descriptive study of drug use from 2003 -2013. The defined daily doses of 1000 inhabitants per day (DHD) were calculated for anxiolytics, hypnotics-sedatives and antidepressants. Linear regression coefficients (b) of the DHD were obtained for the pre-crisis period (2003-2008) and the crisis period (2009-2013). Results: The consumption of anxiolytics increased by 40.25%, that of hypnotics by 88.11% and that of antidepressants by 80.93%. For anxiolytics: b-(2003-2008)=4.38 DDI/year and b-(2009-2013)=1.08 DDI/year. For hypnotics-sedatives: b-(2003-2008)=2.30 DDI/year and b-(2009-2013)=0.40 DDI/year. For antidepressants: b-(2003-2008)=5.79 DDI/year and b-(2009-2013)=2.83 DDI/year. Conclusions: The rise in consumption of the three subgroups during the crisis period was lower than that of the pre-crisis period. This study does not confirm the influence of the economic crisis on the rise in consumption of these drugs (AU)

[Effect of the economic crisis on consumption of psychotropic drugs in Asturias (Spain)]. / Efecto de la crisis económica sobre el consumo de psicofármacos en Asturias.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the economic crisis of 2008 has changed the consumption of anxiolytics, hypnotics-sedatives and antidepressants in Asturias (Spain). METHOD: We conducted a descriptive study of drug use from 2003 -2013. The defined daily doses of 1000 inhabitants per day (DHD) were calculated for anxiolytics, hypnotics-sedatives and antidepressants. Linear regression coefficients (b) of the DHD were obtained for the pre-crisis period (2003-2008) and the crisis period (2009-2013). RESULTS: The consumption of anxiolytics increased by 40.25%, that of hypnotics by 88.11% and that of antidepressants by 80.93%. For anxiolytics: b-(2003-2008)=4.38 DDI/year and b-(2009-2013)=1.08 DDI/year. For hypnotics-sedatives: b-(2003-2008)=2.30 DDI/year and b-(2009-2013)=0.40 DDI/year. For antidepressants: b-(2003-2008)=5.79 DDI/year and b-(2009-2013)=2.83 DDI/year. CONCLUSIONS: The rise in consumption of the three subgroups during the crisis period was lower than that of the pre-crisis period. This study does not confirm the influence of the economic crisis on the rise in consumption of these drugs.

Estudio transversal del efecto de la catastrofización y ansiedad ante el dolor sobre la capacidad funcional y el consumo de fármacos en pacientes con fibromialgia / Cross-sectional study about the effect of catastrophizing and anxiety to pain on functional capacity and consumption of drugs of fibromyalgia patients

(au)Introducción: La fibromialgia es una enfermedad crónica, caracterizada por dolor musculoesqueléticoasociado a otros síntomas. Se desconoce su etiología, el diagnóstico es clínico ylos tratamientos sintomáticos. El cómo afrontan los pacientes este dolor y su diagnósticoparece influir sobre su evolución y tratamiento.Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la catastrofización y ansiedad ante el dolor, sobre la capacidadfuncional y el consumo de fármacos de los pacientes con fibromialgia.Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal de 50 pacientes con fibromialgia, citados en reumatologíadesde el 1 de enero hasta el 31 de marzo de 2014 y voluntarios de la Asociaciónde Enfermos de Fibromialgia de Asturias. Se registraron variables clínico-epidemiológicas,Cuestionario de Impacto de la Fibromialgia abreviado (CIF), Escala de Catastrofización Anteel Dolor (PCS-SP) y Escala de Síntomas de Ansiedad Ante el Dolor (PASS-20).Resultados: La correlación de Spearman entre PCS-SP y PASS-20 fue de 0,67 (p < 0,001), entreCIF y PASS-20 de 0,27 (p = 0,05) y entre CIF y PCS-SP de 0,03, sin significación estadística.La correlación con el consumo de fármacos fue: con PASS-20 0,41 (p = 0,003), con PCS-SP0,49 (p < 0,001) y con CIF 0,32 (p = 0,024). El coeficiente de correlación desde el inicio de lossíntomas fue: −0,21 (p = 0,14) con CIF, −0,16 (p = 0,26) con PCS y −0,25 (p = 0,08) con PASS-20.Conclusiones: Los niveles de ansiedad y catastrofización se encuentran fuertemente asociadosentre sí, sin embargo, ambos muestran una asociación débil con la capacidad funcional.Puntuaciones altas en las 3 escalas supusieron un aumento del consumo de fármacos. Conmayor tiempo de evolución de la fibromialgia parece disminuir el nivel de ansiedad, lacatastrofización y la repercusión funcional.

Prevalencia de desnutrición en población anciana de dos barrios urbanos de Asturias / Prevalence of malnurition in elderly from two districts of Asturias

Fundamento: Dado al aumento de personas mayores en nuestro país, consideramos oportuno estimar la prevalencia de desnutrición y su alto riesgo en población de 75 años o más no institucionalizada en dos barrios urbanos de Asturias. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Se seleccionaron a 626 sujetos mediante muestreo aleatorio simple. Variables: Edad, sexo, peso, talla, índice de masa corporal, soporte familiar, nivel cultural, nivel de dependencia, circunferencia del brazo y pantorrilla y estado nutricional a través del cuestionario Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Análisis mediante inferencia Bayesiana. Resultados: Se estudiaron a 445 sujetos. Edad media 81,8 años y 56,8% mujeres. La media posterior de la prevalencia de desnutrición fue del 3,1% (Intervalo de Credibilidad 95% (ICred: 1,8 a 4,9%)), siendo mayor en mujeres (4,6 vs 1,5%). La media posterior de la prevalencia de alto riesgo de desnutrición fue 13,8% (ICred: 11 a 17,4%), siendo mayor en mujeres (15,3 vs 12,4%). El nivel de dependencia mostró una fuerte asociación con la desnutrición (OR = 5,1 ICred: 2,5-12,2). Conclusiones: La desnutrición y el alto riesgo de padecerla son un problema presente en la población mayor que vive en su domicilio. Debería considerarse la valoración sistemática tanto del estado nutricional como de la capacidad funcional en Atención Primaria (AU)

Background: Given the increase of elderly people in our country, we consider it appropriate to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition and high risk in non-institutionalized population aged 75 years and older in two urban districts of Asturias. Methods: Cross-sectional study. 626 individuals were selected by simple random sampling. Variables: Age, gender, weight, height, body mass index, family support, cultural level, level of dependence, arm and calf circumference, and nutritional status by means of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Data analysis was carried out through Bayesian inference. Results: 445 individuals were studied. Mean age 81.8 years old and 56.8% were women. The posterior mean prevalence of malnutrition was 3.1% (Credible Interval 95% (CrI 1.8 to 4.9%)), higher in women (4.6 vs 1.5%). The posterior mean prevalence of high risk for malnutrition was 13.8% (CrI: 11 to 17.4%) being higher in women (15.3 vs 12.4%). The level of dependence showed a strong association with malnutrition (OR = 5.1 CrI: 2.5-12.2). Conclusion: Malnutrition and high risk of suffering from it is a problem in elderly people living at home. Systematic assessment of nutritional status should be consider as well as functional capacity (AU)