Formulation and development of paediatric orally disintegrating carbamazepine tablets.

Carbamazepine is a medicine used to manage epilepsy and partial or tonic-clonic seizures. This study aimed at formulating and obtaining carbamazepine orodispersible tablets for paediatric use at a 50 mg dose, with a diameter not greater than 6 mm and a tablet weight of 80 mg, through a direct compression process. The SeDeM pre-formulation/formulation method was used to define the characteristics of both carbamazepine and the selected excipients for direct compression. This study succeeded in formulating and obtaining the proposed tablets. Following the application of the SeDeM method, the tablets met the mass uniformity test and showed appropriate hardness values for orodispersible tablets. The tablets also met the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) test specifications at t = 60 min. The orodispersible tablets obtained may improve compliance with paediatric treatment with carbamazepine, ensuring the safety and effectiveness of the medicine.

Coenzyme Q10 supplementation: Efficacy, safety, and formulation challenges.

World population growth and aging are posing unprecedented challenges in sustaining the health of 9.1 billion people that will be occupying the planet by 2050. Although noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes are among the top 10 global causes of death, they can be prevented by risk factor reduction, early detection, and adequate treatment. Since a healthy diet along with dietary supplementation could play an important role to reduce morbidity and cut off its associated health care costs, research in the food and nutrition area is required to find solutions to global challenges affecting health. As a result of the healthy living trend, dietary supplements category is growing fast, leading to an urgent need for dietitians, physicians, and policy makers to broaden the scientific evidence on the efficacy and safety of a wide range of active ingredients. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), as the third most consumed dietary supplement, and as a potential candidate for the treatment of various noncommunicable diseases that are among the global top 10 causes of death, has gained interest over years. Scientific evidence regarding mainly CoQ10 efficacy and safety, as well as formulation challenges, is addressed in this review.

Study of tocopherol content and its potential antioxidant activity in commercial lipid emulsions for parenteral nutrition.

The objective of this study was to determine the content and evaluate the potential antioxidant effect of tocopherols in commercially available lipid emulsions, using a simple validated method adequate for further routine use. During the study, variability between manufacturers as well as between three non-consecutive batches of the same emulsion was observed. Furthermore, addition of α-tocopherol to lipid emulsions as excipient yields more stable emulsions and potentially a beneficial clinical effect. It was concluded that the variation of the tocopherol content between batches implies the importance of control and specification of tocopherol content by the manufacturers.

Therapeutic potential of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD).

Nicotinamide adenine nucleotide (NAD) is a small ubiquitous hydrophilic cofactor that participates in several aspects of cellular metabolism. As a coenzyme it has an essential role in the regulation of energetic metabolism, but it is also a cosubstrate for enzymes that regulate fundamental biological processes such as transcriptional regulation, signaling and DNA repairing among others. The fluctuation and oxidative state of NAD levels regulate the activity of these enzymes, which is translated into marked effects on cellular function. While alterations in NAD homeostasis are a common feature of different conditions and age-associated diseases, in general, increased NAD levels have been associated with beneficial health effects. Due to its therapeutic potential, the interest in this molecule has been renewed, and the regulation of NAD metabolism has become an attractive target for drug discovery. In fact, different approaches to replenish or increase NAD levels have been tested, including enhancement of biosynthesis and inhibition of NAD breakdown. Despite further research is needed, this review provides an overview and update on NAD metabolism, including the therapeutic potential of its regulation, as well as pharmacokinetics, safety, precautions and formulation challenges of NAD supplementation.

Trends in the food and sports nutrition industry: A review.

This revision intends to provide an overview on the major and emerging trends in food and nutrition. Food scientists and dietitians should keep an eye on the trends shaping the food industry in order to understand consumer changes in preferences, expectations and dietary patterns; and to identify those areas that should be added to the research agenda. In addition, to comprehend the major drivers of change in the food industry, global consumer trends are also reviewed in this article. Global concerns are shaping consumer attitudes, and with an easier access to information and an unprecedented consumer power through social media, the food industry should quickly adapt to meet consumer needs. In order to meet these objectives, this review is organized in three different but interrelated sections: global consumer trends, food and nutrition trends, and trends in sports foods and nutrition. This last one is also included due to its influence over food trends, and its significant relevance as a category and food trend.

Topical Analgesia with Lidocaine Plus Diclofenac Decreases Pain in Benign Anorectal Surgery: Randomized, Double-blind, and Controlled Clinical Trial.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a topical formulation containing lidocaine plus diclofenac (CLIFE1) compared to lidocaine (CLIFE2), to decrease pain in benign anorectal surgery (BARS) to date not evaluated. More than 50% of patients undergoing BARS, especially hemorrhoidectomy, suffer from moderate and severe postoperative pain. This remains an unresolved problem that could be addressed with the new CLIFE1 topical treatment. METHODS: A multicenter, randomized double-blind, active-controlled parallel-group superiority trial, was conducted in two Spanish hospitals. Patients undergoing BARS (hemorrhoids, anal fistula and anal fissure) were randomized at the end of surgery at a 1:1 ratio to receive first dose either CLIFE1 (n = 60) or CLIFE2 (n = 60) anorectal topical treatment, and after every 12 h for the first three postoperative days and once a day from the fourth to sixth. The primary outcome was average of pain decrease after topical treatment, measured with visual analogue scale (VAS) by the patients themselves, the evening in the surgery day and four times daily for the first three postoperative days. RESULTS: The results of 120 patients included out of 150 selected undergoing BARS show a decrease in pain after CLIFE1 topical treatment (7.47 ± 13.09) greater than with CLIFE2 (4.38 ± 6.75), difference -3.21 95% CI (-5.75; -0.68), p = 0.008, decreasing significantly postoperative pain ( ≥ 9 mm, VAS) in 35% of patients undergoing benign anorectal surgery, compared to 18.33 % treated with lidocaine. CONCLUSIONS: The CLIFE1 topical treatment shows better analgesic efficacy than CLIFE2 in BARS.

Improving tablet coating robustness by selecting critical process parameters from retrospective data.

CONTEXT: Although tablet coating processes are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, they often lack adequate robustness. Up-scaling can be challenging as minor changes in parameters can lead to varying quality results. OBJECTIVE: To select critical process parameters (CPP) using retrospective data of a commercial product and to establish a design of experiments (DoE) that would improve the robustness of the coating process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of data from 36 commercial batches. Batches were selected based on the quality results generated during batch release, some of which revealed quality deviations concerning the appearance of the coated tablets. The product is already marketed and belongs to the portfolio of a multinational pharmaceutical company. RESULTS: The Statgraphics 5.1 software was used for data processing to determine critical process parameters in order to propose new working ranges. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that it is possible to determine the critical process parameters and create design spaces based on retrospective data of commercial batches. This type of analysis is thus converted into a tool to optimize the robustness of existing processes. Our results show that a design space can be established with minimum investment in experiments, since current commercial batch data are processed statistically.

Relationships between surface free energy, surface texture parameters and controlled drug release in hydrophilic matrices.

The study of controlled release and drug release devices has been dominated by considerations of the bulk or average properties of material or devices. Yet the outermost surface atoms play a central role in their performance. The objective of this article has been to characterize the surface of hydrophilic matrix tablets using the contact angle (CA) method to ascertain the surface free energy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal microscopy (CM) for the physical characterization of the surface of the hydrophilic matrix. The surface free energy results obtained show that hydroxypropylmethylcellulose K15M hinders the spreading of water on the surface of the tablet, such that the concentration of HPMC K15M increases the reaction rate of the hydrophobic interactions between the chains of HPMC K15M which increases with respect to the rate of penetration of water into the tablet. In this study, we developed a new method to characterize the swelling of the tablets and established a relationship between the new method based on microswelling and the swelling ratio parameter. The surface texture parameters have been determined and the morphology of the tablets of the different formulations and the evolution of the surface morphology after interacting with the water, swelling and forming a gel layer were characterized. This work represents significant progress in the characterization of matrix tablets.

Quality by Design approach to understand the physicochemical phenomena involved in controlled release of captopril SR matrix tablets.

The aim of this study is to obtain swelling controlled release matrix tablets of captopril using the Quality by Design methodology (ICH Q8) and to know the transport mechanisms involved in captopril release. To obtain the area of knowledge, the design of experiments studying the effect of two components (HPMC K15M and ethylcellulose) at different levels has been applied, with the captopril dissolution profile as the product's most important critical quality attribute (CQA). Different dissolution profiles have been obtained with the design of experiments performed, which is a key factor in the development of controlled release matrix tablets. Kinetic analysis according to the equations of Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas demonstrates that the release mechanism is a mechanism of erosion when the whole percentage of the polymer is ethylcellulose, and a diffusion mechanism when the whole percentage of the polymer is HPMC K15M. The physico-chemical characteristics of the gel layer determine the release rate of captopril. The thickness of the gel layer, the porosity which is formed in the matrix upon contact with water, pore size, the swelling rate, the erosion rate of the matrix, and the physico-chemical characteristics of captopril, are factors related to the kinetic equations described and that allow us to predict the release mechanism of captopril. A new relationship of the kinetic equations governing the in vitro behavior with the physical characteristics of the gel layer of the different formulations has been established. This study shows that the size of water-filled pores and the degree of crosslinking between the chains of HPMC K15M of the matrix are related to the exponent n of the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation and the type of transport of the captopril from within the matrix to the dissolution medium, that is, if the transport is only through water-filled pores, or if a combination of diffusion occurs through water-filled pores with a transport through continuous polymeric networks.

The use of the SeDeM diagram expert system for the formulation of Captopril SR matrix tablets by direct compression.

The SeDeM diagram expert system has been used to study excipients, Captopril and designed formulations for their galenic characterization and to ascertain the critical points of the formula affecting product quality to obtain suitable formulations of Captopril direct compression SR matrix tablets. The application of the SeDeM diagram expert system enables selecting excipients with in order to optimize the formula in the preformulation and formulation studies. The methodology is based on the implementation of ICH Q8, establishing the design space of the formula with the use of experiment design, using the parameters of the SeDeM diagram expert system as system responses.

Characterization of alginate beads loaded with ibuprofen lysine salt and optimization of the preparation method.

The parameters influencing alginate ionotropic gelation and the production of alginate beads loaded with hydrosoluble ibuprofen lysine salt (IBU-L) were studied, as well as the optimization of the method for its attainment. A three-factor and three-level factorial design (3(3)) was carried out to determine the influence of three experimental variables: polymer concentration, CaCl2 concentration, and curing time on the dependent variables drug load and encapsulation efficiency. The effect of the pH used in the preparation bath was also evaluated. Concentrations of CaCl2 and pH of gelling bath were seen to affect bead formation and stability as well as their ability to properly entrap the drug. In this work, IBU-L was used as a model of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with good solubility in alginate solutions. IBU-L was successfully encapsulated in alginate beads obtained by the ionotropic gelation method. The obtained alginate matrixes are able to modify the release of the entrapped IBU-L and this occurs in a pH-sensitive way that can be correlated with the swelling behaviour of the alginate-produced beads. Morphological characteristics were evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy.

La calidad de los medicamentos fabricados industrialmente en España entre 1944 y 1992. Revisión de los requerimientos de calidad establecidos en la legislación oficial durante este período / The quality of industrially manufactured medicines in Spain between 1944 and 1992. Review of the quality requirements for the authorisation of medicines during this period

Objetivo: Estudiar la evolución de los requerimientos de calidad para la solicitud de autorización de los medicamentos y los avances en la calidad de los mismos en el periodo comprendido entre 1944 y 1992. Como objetivo secundario evidenciar la influencia en los requerimientos de calidad de circunstancias excepcionales acaecidas en la propia sociedad o en los medicamentos. Material y Métodos: Análisis de la legislación publicada en España referente al registro farmacéutico desde 1944 hasta 1992, extrayendo y comparando las referencias de calidad a fin de destacar lo que representa un avance. Consulta de revistas especializadas y documentos no publicados relacionados con la industria farmacéutica. Discusión de los avances en calidad relacionándolos con el contexto político-social del país. Resultados y conclusiones: Los primeros años de este período siguieron la tónica del final del período anterior, años comprendidos entre 1850-1950, y que fue analizado en un artículo publicado anteriormente, es decir muy pocos avances en calidad. Únicamente cabe destacar, en 1954, el establecimiento de la visita de inspección al laboratorio previa a la autorización del medicamento. El Decreto 2464/1963 representó el primer gran avance en las exigencias de calidad para el registro desde 1919. Entre 1963 y 1973 no se produjo ningún cambio significativo en el contenido de los expedientes de registro. Finalmente el Decreto 1416/1973 introdujo cambios importantes en la tramitación de los expedientes que pasaron a tener dos fases: la primera consistía en la revisión de la documentación y concluía con una autorización (denominada Conforme Sanitario) para elaborar un primer lote del medicamento, la segunda fase implicaba el análisis de dicho lote por el Centro Nacional de Farmacobiología y comportaba la autorización o denegación del registro solicitado. La adaptación de los Laboratorios a esta nueva normativa especialmente en lo que se refería al contenido técnico y presentación de los expedientes no fue fácil puesto que en dichos expedientes se evidenciaron deficiencias durante bastante tiempo. Durante los años finales de este período, en puertas de la entrada de España en la Comunidad Europea, la legislación intentaba recoger o al menos no contradecir la normativa europea vigente. La publicación de la Ley 25/90 del medicamento introdujo, desde el punto de vista general, el Concepto de Garantía para asegurar la calidad, eficacia y seguridad e incluyó la exigencia de los avales de un experto para las informaciones contenidas en los expedientes, iniciándose así un cambio en las responsabilidades: el experto toma sobre sí la responsabilidad de la revisión de la documentación. En resumen, periodo con muchos cambios en la calidad en el contexto mundial. En la legislación española, dos importantes Decretos en 1963 y 1973. En los años finales de este periodo la legislación española se empezó a preparar para la transposición de la normativa europea referente a los medicamentos debía que tener lugar en 1992 (AU)

Aim: The aim is to study the evolution of quality requirements in the application file for approval of drug products and their relationship with the quality of industrially manufactured drugs between 1944 and 1992. As a secondary objective, demonstrate the influence on the quality requirements of exceptional circumstances that occurred in the society or on drugs. Materials and Methods: The early years of this period continued the trend of the previous period with very little improvement in quality. Only in 1954 the establishment of the laboratory inspection prior to approval of the drug was an important change. Decreto 2464/1963, represented the first important advance in the quality requirements for registration since 1919. Between 1963 and 1973 there was no significant change in the content of the registration dossiers. Finally, Decreto 1416/1973 introduced new changes in the application process that happened to have two phases: first one, the review of the written information which concluded with an Authorisation (called Conforme Sanitario) to manufacture a first batch of the product. The second phase was the analysis of this batch. For the Laboratories was not easy to adapt to this new procedure and the registration documents remained deficient for a long time. During the final years of this period, just before the entrance of Spain in the European Community, all the new legislation attempted to collect or at least not contradict existing European legislation. The publication of Law 25/90 introduced, the concept of Quality Assurance to ensure the quality, efficiency and safety of drugs, and ordered the inclusion of an expert review for the information contained in the files. The responsibilities began to change: the expert takes upon himself the responsibility of reviewing the documentation. Summarizing: Period with many quality changes in the global context. Referring Spanish law, they were two important Decretos in 1963 and 1973. In the final years of this period the Spanish regulation began to prepare for implementation of the European legislation regarding drugs that should take place in 1992 (AU)

Impact of physical parameters on particle size and reaction yield when using the ionic gelation method to obtain cationic polymeric chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles.

Ionic gelation is the most frequently used method to obtain chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles due to its simplicity and because it does not generate waste solvents in the samples prepared. This paper presents a study of the physical factors involved in this method for obtaining nanoparticles in order to determine which of them significantly influences the particle size of polymeric nanoparticles made from low-molecular-weight chitosan, without any additional chemical treatment, with the aim of standardising and optimising the method conditions, in addition to establishing the reaction yield. The results indicate that stirring speed during ionic gelation reaction is decisive for the size of the nanoparticles obtained. Furthermore, it thus follows that the stirring speed during ionic gelation significantly affects reaction yield, and therefore, by manipulating this parameter a greater proportion of nanoparticles of a given size range can be obtained.

La calidad de los medicamentos fabricados industrialmente en España entre 1850 y 1950. Revisión de los requerimientos de calidad establecidos para los medicamentos en la legislación oficial durante este período / No disponible

Objetivo: Estudiar la evolución de los requerimientos de calidad establecidos en los expedientes de solicitud de autorización de los medicamentos fabricados industrialmente desde 1850 a 1950 y su relación con la calidad de los mismos, teniendo en cuenta la influencia del contexto político-social. Material y métodos: Análisis de la legislación publicada en España referente al Registro Farmacéutico desde 1850 hasta 1950, comparando las referencias a la calidad de cada documento con las de la legislación inmediatamente anterior destacando lo que representa un avance. Consulta de revistas y documentos no publicados. Discusión de la evolución de la calidad de los medicamentos relacionándola con el contexto político-social del país. Resultados y conclusiones: Hasta 1855 no se podía hablar de medicamentos sino de remedios secretos. La Ley de 28 de Noviembre de 1855 estableció la obligación de declarar los remedios a la Autoridad Sanitaria. Posteriormente el Real Decreto de 1919 estableció el Registro Farmacéutico y la asignación del nº de registro. El Real Decreto de 1924 lo actualizaba sin avanzar en la calidad. Siguió un estancamiento tanto en normativa como en calidad, debido a la guerra civil y al bloqueo internacional. La Ley de Bases de 1944 anunciaba una reforma que aún tardó en producirse. En resumen período largo y cambiante con bastantes avances en organización y pocos en exigencias de calidad. Los expedientes de registro son un elemento de referencia fundamental para conocer la calidad de un medicamento en un momento determinado(AU)

Objectives: The aim is to study the evolution of quality requirements in the application file for approval of drug products and their relationship with the quality of industrially manufactured drugs between 1850 and 1950, taking into account the influence of political and social context. Materials and methods: Analysis of the legislation published in Spain referring to pharmaceutical registration from 1850 to 1950, comparing the quality benchmarks to highlight the improvement. Search of information in journals and unpublished documents. Discussion on quality progress related to the socio-political context of the country. Results and conclusions: Until 1855 drugs did not exist as such, there were only secret remedies. The Law of November 28, 1855 established the obligation to declare the remedies to the Health Authority. Since then there was an evolution until the Royal Decree of 1919 established the official register of medicines and assigned a registration number to each medicine. The Royal Decree of 1924 updated the 1919 Decree but no advance was done referring to quality. Then a period of stagnation followed in both the rules of registration and the quality due to the civil war and the international blockade. A Law Reform was announced in 1944 but it took a long time to be done. Summarizing: It was a long period, with advances in organization and little progress in quality requirements in the pharmaceutical registration. When quality requirements increased, drug quality also did. Application files for registration are an essential reference to know the quality at some time(AU)

Contribución de la experiencia del Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica (Universidad de Barcelona) para la creación y organización del Sistema de Registro de Medicamentos en Angola / Contribution of the experience of the Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology (University of Barcelona) for the creation and organization of Drugs Registration System in Angola

El gobierno de Angola después de consolidar el proceso de paz y reconciliación nacional, se encuentraen un proceso de transición del estado de emergencia al estado de desarrollo económico y social sostenible, a través de iniciativas capaces de solucionar los principales problemas nacionales, de los que pueden mencionarse en lo relativo al sector farmacéutico: la inexistencia en el sistema de salud de servicios que garantice el registro, control e inspección de medicamentos. Este trabajo fue diseñado con la intención de apoyar el área de regulación y reglamentación del sector farmacéutico angoleño, contribuyendo a la mejora institucional del Ministerio de Salud de Angola mediante el desarrollo de dos importantes comisiones técnicas en relación con la evaluación técnico científica de la documentación presentada para el registro de medicamentos, a petición de la Dirección Nacional de Medicamentos y Equipamientos (DNME). La creación de estas comisiones aseguran los más elevados patrones de salud pública además de prevenir los riesgos decurrentes de la utilización de medicamentos en Angola, ya que como función primordial emitirán dictámenes sobre la evaluación de la seguridad, eficacia y calidad de los medicamentos(AU)

After consolidating the peace process and national reconciliation, the government of Angola is going through a transition process, from a state of emergency to a state of sustainable economic and social development. Through initiatives that can solve the country’s main problems which, in the pharmaceuticals sector, include the absence in the health system of services to record, audit and inspect medicines. The present project contributes to the development of Angola's health system, and more specifically the control and regulation area of the pharmaceutical sector in Angola, through the proposed of creating technical committees to ensure the proper technical and scientific evaluation of each application for drug registration which will serve as support for the political and administrative decision of the National Drug and Equipment Directorate (DNME). The creation of these committees assure the highest standards of public health in addition to preventing the risks incurred through the use of drugs in Angola, since primary function is the issuing opinions on the assessment of the safety, efficacy and quality of medicines(AU)

Total organic carbon (VCSN and VWP) and HPLC analysis for cleaning validation in a pharmaceutical pilot plant.

This paper presents a useful method using total organic carbon analyzers employing both combustion and wet oxidation for validating equipment cleaning procedures and verifying cleaning in a pharmaceutical pilot plant. The results are compared with those obtained using high-performance liquid chromatography. The study summarizes the initial steps that should be taken into account and focuses particularly on the solutions to some of the most critical considerations (e.g., glass material, detection and quantification limits, recovery). Also described are the calculation of control limits and the good results obtained.

In vitro evaluation of the effectiveness and cytotoxicity of meglumine antimoniate microspheres produced by spray drying against Leishmania infantum.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro activity and cytotoxicity of meglumine antimoniate microspheres produced by spray drying on Leishmania infantum and the effect of the excipients used in them. The parasite strain shows sensitivity to the meglumine antimoniate microspheres prepared. All the antimony IC50 values from encapsulated meglumine antimoniate (3.80 +/- 0.34 to 9.53 +/- 0.70 microg SbV/ml for promastigotes assay) are considerably lower compared to the mean value of IC50 in Glucantime solution (112 +/- 12.74 microg SbV/ml). Interesting IC50 values for the excipient chitosan (112.64 +/- 0.53 mg/ml for promastigotes and 100.81 +/- 26.45 mg/ml for amastigotes) were obtained (without cytotoxic activity), whereas the rest of the excipients did not show any activity. This new delivery system could offer a new pharmacological tool for the treatment of leishmaniosis that reduces the doses required, lowering toxic side effects because of meglumine antimoniate.

Method for the development of topical medicinal aerosols using liquified hydrocarbon gas.

Low chain liquid hydrocarbons (LH) at room temperature and atmospheric pressure can be used to simulate the effect of gas hydrocarbons (GH) in aerosol systems without the need of using pressured flasks. Samples of different tetracycline formulations were tested with LH and GH in order to study their behaviour and physicochemical stability in the system. The results showed a similar behaviour between samples when LH or GH were used, suggesting the use of LH to simulate the effect of GH introduction in the system, as a useful predictive method for the development of pressured aerosol formulations without using pressured containers in early steps of the process, such as pre-formulation studies.

Aplicación del diseño experimental a la optimización farmacéutica de procesos de fabricación de medicamentos / Application of the experimental design to the pharmaceutical optimization on the production process of drugs

A partir de una fórmula famacotécnicamente correcta y tras concluir las pruebas de cualificación individuales de los equipos se plantea el último paso del desarrollo galénico, entendiéndose como tal la optimización del proceso de elaboración. Para la optimización se aplica la técnica del diseño de experimentos a fin de determinar la combinación óptima y conjunta de los parámetros críticos del proceso de elaboración que dan un valor de respuesta óptima. Las respuestas del proceso de compresnión a optimizar (fórmula para realizar en las prácticas de pregrado de la licenciatura de farmacia) pueden ser varias, en este caso se escogieron la riqueza media de los comprimidos (de una muestra de 10 comprimidos), el % de disolución a los 30 minutos (de una muestra de 6 comprimidos) y la dureza (de una muestra de 10 comprimidos), cuyos resultados se presentan resumidos, los cuales demuestran la validez y utildad de esta herramienta para la validación farmacéutica rutinaria, herramienta que será muy útil para el desarrollo pleno de las normativas ICH Q8, ICH q9 y ICH Q10, dentro del desarrollo galénico y la validación

From a formula tecnologically correct and after concluding the individual tests of qualification of the equipments the last step of the phamaceutical development starts, understanding itself as that of the optimization of teh process of production. For the optimization the technology of the experimental design is applied in order to determine the ideal combination of the critical parameters of the process of compression to optimizing can be different, in this case was chosen the average content of the tablets (of a sample of 10 tablets), the % of dissolution to 30 minutes (of a sample of 10 tablets). Results demonstrate the validity and usefulness of this tool for the pharmaceutical routine validation, tool that also will be very useful for the full, development of the next regulations ICH Q8, ICH Q9 and ICH Q10

Stability evaluation of amoxicillin in a solid premix veterinary formulation by monitoring the degradation products through a new HPLC analytical method.

A methodology (by VICH guidelines) for the stability evaluation of amoxicillin in granular premixes is described. This method is based on the monitoring of the degradation products formed during the stability study by a new HPLC-RP method, which has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of amoxicillin and its degradation products. The method uses a Nucleosil 120 C18 column and gradient elution. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of methanol and buffer solution pH 3+/-0.05 at different proportion according to a time-schedule programme, pumped at a flow rate of 1.750 ml min(-1). The DAD detector was set at 230 nm. The validation study was carried out fulfilling the VICH guidelines in order to prove that the new analytical method, meets the reliability characteristics, and these characteristics showed the capacity of analytical method to keep, throughout the time, the fundamental criteria for validation: selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, sensitivity (LOD, LOQ) and robustness. The method was applied during the stability study of an amoxicillin premix in order to quantify the drug (amoxicillin) and all its degradation products to evaluate the shelf life of the new veterinary dosage form. The method also proved to be suitable as a rapid and reliable quality control method.