Current Status and Analysis of Machine Learning in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common tumor. Although the diagnosis and treatment of HCC have made great progress, the overall prognosis remains poor. As the core component of artificial intelligence, machine learning (ML) has developed rapidly in the past decade. In particular, ML has become widely used in the medical field, and it has helped in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Different algorithms of ML have different roles in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. This article reviews recent research, explains the application of different ML models in HCC, and provides suggestions for follow-up research.

Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with task-oriented rehabilitation training on forelimb motor dysfunction in rats with spinal cord injury / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with task-oriented rehabilitation training single pellet reaching and grasping (SPG) on the motor function of forelimb in rats with unilateral contusion of C5 spinal cord. MethodsA total of 60 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (sham group), spinal cord injury (SCI) group, tDCS group, SPG group, false group and tDCS+SPG group, with ten rats in each group. Only C5 lamina was removed in the sham group, and the C5 spinal cord contusion model was established by IH spinal cord impactor in the other five groups. The rats received tDCS in tDCS group, SPG in SPG group, tDCS without current in false group, tDCS combined with SPG in tDCS+SPG group, and no treatment in the SCI and the sham groups. The rats were evaluated with Rearing and Grooming tests, and motor-evoked potential (MEP). ResultsFour weeks after operation, compared with SCI group, the scores of Rearing and Grooming increased in tDCS group and tDCS+SPG group (P < 0.05), and they were more in the tDCS+SPG group than in tDCS group and SPG group (P < 0.05); the score of Grooming increased in SPG group (P < 0.05); while the amplitude of MEP increased in tDCS group, SPG group and tDCS+SPG group (P < 0.05), and the latency shortened in tDCS group and tDCS+SPG group (P < 0.05); and the amplitude increased more in tDCS+SPG group than in tDCS group and SPG group (P < 0.01). ConclusiontDCS could promote the recovery of motor function in rats with SCI, and the combination therapy of tDCS and task-oriented rehabilitation training is more effective.

Recent advancements in peripheral nerve-specific fluorescent compounds.

Nerve injury is a common complication of surgery. Accidental nerve damage or transection can lead to severe clinical symptoms including pain, numbness, paralysis and even expiratory dyspnoea. In recent years, with the rise of the field of fluorescence-guided surgery, researchers have discovered that nerve-specific fluorescent agents can serve as nerve markers in animals and can be used to guide surgical procedures and reduce the incidence of intraoperative nerve damage. Currently, researchers have begun to focus on biochemistry, materials chemistry and other fields to produce more neuro-specific fluorescent agents with physiological relevance and they are expected to have clinical applications. This review discusses the agents with potential to be used in fluorescence-guided nerve imaging during surgery.

Effect of Goal-oriented Repetitive Training on Upper Limb Motor Function after Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To explore the effect of goal-oriented repetitive training on motor function of upper limb in patients with stroke. Methods From March, 2014 to February, 2016, a total of 60 stroke patients were randomly divided into experiment group (n=30) and con-trol group (n=30). Both groups received routine rehabilitation, while the experiment group received goal-oriented repetitive training in addi-tion, 30 minutes once a day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. They were assessed with simple Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) and modified Barthel index (MBI) before and after training. Results There was no difference in the scores of FMA-UE and MBI between two groups before training (Z0.05). The scores of FMA-UE and MBI significantly improved in both groups after treat-ment (Z>5.645, P2.275, P5.770, P<0.001). Conclusion Goal-oriented repetitive training could promote the recovery of upper limb motor function in patients with stroke.

Application of Evidence-based Medicine in Rehabilitation Therapy in Clinical Teaching / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the application of evidence-based medicine in rehabilitation therapy in clinical teaching. Methods 45 interns were divided into 2 groups. The interns during July, 2011 to April, 2012 as the control group (n=23) received the traditional teaching method and the interns during July, 2012 to April, 2013 as the test group (n=22) accepted the evidence-based medicine teaching method in addition. They were assessed with the test scores of theory and operation, and questionnaires. Results The operation scores and the total scores were higher in the test group than in the control group (P<0.05). The satisfaction was better in the test group than in the control group in the items of improving the ability of self-study, taking the initiative, developing clinical thinking, improving the ability of obtaining information, improving the ability of selecting literature, improving the ability of analyzing and summarizing, improving their overall level and degree of satisfaction with this teaching method (P<0.05). Conclusion The evidence-based medicine teaching method can facilitate to improve the practical skills, cultivate the clinical thinking and improve the overall level for students in rehabilitation therapy in clinical practice.

Application of Evidence-based Medicine in Rehabilitation Therapy in Clinical Teaching / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the application of evidence-based medicine in rehabilitation therapy in clinical teaching. Methods 45 interns were divided into 2 groups. The interns during July, 2011 to April, 2012 as the control group (n=23) received the traditional teaching method and the interns during July, 2012 to April, 2013 as the test group (n=22) accepted the evidence-based medicine teaching method in addition. They were assessed with the test scores of theory and operation, and questionnaires. Results The operation scores and the total scores were higher in the test group than in the control group (P<0.05). The satisfaction was better in the test group than in the control group in the items of improving the ability of self-study, taking the initiative, developing clinical thinking, improving the ability of obtaining information, improving the ability of selecting literature, improving the ability of analyzing and summarizing, improving their overall level and degree of satisfaction with this teaching method (P<0.05). Conclusion The evidence-based medicine teaching method can facilitate to improve the practical skills, cultivate the clinical thinking and improve the overall level for students in rehabilitation therapy in clinical practice.

Expression profiling of a novel calcium-dependent protein kinase gene, LeCPK2, from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under heat and pathogen-related hormones.

A full-length cDNA LeCPK2 (GenBank GQ205414) from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) encoding a calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) was cloned by in silico cloning using NtCPK5 (AY971376) as a virtual probe. The deduced amino acid sequence of LeCPK2 contained the kinase, autoinhibitory, and calmodulin-like domains typical of CDPKs. Expression profiling indicated that LeCPK2 expressed predominantly in flowers and responded divergently to heat and cold stress, in which obvious mRNA accumulation was detected at 4 h under 42 degrees C stress, but no change in LeCPK2 mRNA levels was observed in 6 h at 4 degrees C. Mechanical wounding and phytohormones including ethylene, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid were also observed to arouse the expression of LeCPK2 in a similar pattern. mRNA accumulation was enhanced at 30 min and reached a maximum at 3 h, followed by a decrease to the normal level. All the results suggest that LeCPK2 is a novel versatile isoform of tomato CDPKs.

Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on motor recovery in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury （SCI）. Methods 22 patients with T5～T12 incomplete spinal cord injury (ASIA C) were randomly divided into rTMS group and control group. 12 ptients in rTMS group were treated with 10Hz rTMS （10×5 s with 2 min interval) on motor cortex and rehabilitation. 10 patients in control group treated with rehabilitation only. They were assessed with ASIA motor score, ASIA pin prick score, ASIA light touch score, range of motion (ROM) of legs in antigravitation position, walking index for spinal cord injury Ⅱ (WISCIⅡ) and functional independence measure (FIM) score before and 4 weeks after treatment. Results There was no difference between two groups with the clinical assessment before treatment （P>0.05）. The ASIA motor score, ROM of legs and FIM score improved in both groups after treatment （P<0.05）. The score of WISCIⅡ also improved in rTMS group （P<0.05）, and ASIA motor score improved more in rTMS group than that of control group （P<0.05）. Conclusion rTMS can facilitate the recovery of the motor and walking function in patient with incomplete spinal cord injury.