Surface decorated quantum dots: Synthesis, properties and role in herbal therapy.

Quantum dots are the serendipitous outcome of materials research. It is the tiny carbonaceous nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 1 to 10 nm. This review is a brief discussion of the synthesis, properties, and biomedical applicability of quantum dots, especially in herbal therapy. As quantum dots are highly polar, they can be surface decorated with several kinds of polar functionalities, such as polymeric molecules, small functional molecules, and so on. The review also consists of the basic physical and optical properties of quantum dots and their excitation-dependent properties in the application section. We focus on therapeutics, where quantum dots are used as drugs or imaging probes. Nanoprobes for several diagnostics are quite new in the biomedical research domain. Quantum dot-based nanoprobes are in high demand due to their excellent fluorescence, non-bleaching nature, biocompatibility, anchoring feasibility for several analytes, and fast point-of-care sensibility. Lastly, we also included a discussion on quantum dot-based drug delivery as phytomedicine.

Classification of COVID-19 by using supervised optimized machine learning technique.

In recent two years, covid-19 diseases is the most harmful diseases in entire world. This disease increase the high mortality rate in several developed countries. Earlier identification of covid-19 symptoms can avoid the over illness or death. However, there are several researchers are introduced different methodology to identification of diseases symptoms. But, identification and classification of covid-19 diseases is the difficult task for every researchers and doctors. In this modern world, machine learning techniques is useful for several medical applications. This study is more focused in applying machine learning classifier model as SVM for classification of diseases. By improve the classification accuracy of the classifier by using hyper parameter optimization technique as modified cuckoo search algorithm. High dimensional data have unrelated, misleading features, which maximize the search space size subsequent in struggle to process data further thus not contributing to the learning practise, So we used a hybrid feature selection technique as mRMR (Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance) algorithm. The experiment is conducted by using UCI machine learning repository dataset. The classifier is conducted to classify the two set of classes such as COVID-19, and normal cases. The proposed model performance is analysed by using different parametric metrics, which are explained in result section.

Arthroscopic nomenclature of capsulolabral appearances in anterior shoulder dislocation.

OBJECTIVES: To study the intraoperative morphology of the glenoid labrum and capsule in recurrent shoulder dislocation and to study the relationship between the number of dislocations and the changes in the glenoid and labrum. METHODS: Over a period of 18 months, 108 patients with traumatic anterior dislocations were included in the study, of which 102 men and 6 women with mean age of 33.4yrs range from 18 to 45. The patients with bony bankart, other labral lesions, ligamentous laxity, SLAP tear were excluded from the study. All the patients underwent arthroscopic bankart repair. We have classified the morphology of labrum and capsule on their appearance intraoperatively. Labrum is named as Normal, Desiccated or Shredded and Capsule as Normal or Damaged. RESULTS: Six varieties of appearances were observed. Namely, Normal capsule and Normal labrum (NN), Normal capsule and Desiccated labrum (ND), Normal capsule and Shredded labrum (NS), Damaged capsule and Normal labrum (DN), Damaged capsule and Desiccated labrum(DD), Damaged capsule and Shredded labrum(DS). Among them, DD (33.3%) and DS (29.6%) variety had highest number of dislocations suggesting the labrum and capsule lose normal anatomy with more recurrence of dislocations. CONCLUSION: These findings support that reproducing normal anatomy after surgical repair is possible when the intervention is done sooner than later. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

The outcome and complications of the locked plating management for the periprosthetic distal femur fractures after a total knee arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND: The osteosynthesis of the periprosthetic fractures following a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can be technically difficult with the relatively small satisfactory outcomes and the high complication rates. The purpose of the study is to analyze the mid-term radiological and functional outcomes following the locked plating of the distal femur periprosthetic fractures after a TKA. METHODS: Records of 20 patients with a periprosthetic distal femur fracture following TKA treated by the locked plate osteosynthesis were retrospectively evaluated. The union rate, complications and functional outcome measures were analyzed. RESULTS: Successful union was achieved in 18 of the 19 patients available for the follow-up. The mean follow-up was 39 ± 10 months. Significant reductions (p < 0.05) in the range of motion and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were evident in the follow-up. Secondary procedures were required in 5 patients to address the delay in union and the reduced knee range of motion. The osteosynthesis failed in 1 patient who underwent a revision TKA. CONCLUSIONS: The satisfactory union rates can be achieved with the locked plate osteosynthesis in the periprosthetic distal femur fractures after TKA. Prolonged rehabilitation coupled with the un-modifiable risk factors can decrease the activity and satisfaction levels, which can significantly alter the functional outcome.

Results of proximal femur nail antirotation for low velocity trochanteric fractures in elderly.

BACKGROUND: The proximal femur nail antirotation (PFNA) is the recent addition to the growing list of intramedullary implants for trochanteric fracture fixation. The initial results in biomechanical and clinical studies have shown promise. We report our results of low velocity trochanteric fractures internally fixed by proximal femur nail antirotation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted to assess the results of 122 elderly patients with low velocity trochanteric fractures [39 - stable (AO; 31-A1) and 83 - unstable (AO; 31-A2 and A3)] treated with PFNA from December 2008 to April 2010. Followup functional and radiological assessments were done. Results obtained were compared between stable and unstable fracture patterns using statistical tools. RESULTS: The mean followup was 21 months (12-28 months). 11 patients were lost in followup. Union was achieved in all but one patient. Varus collapse was seen in 14 patients and helical blade cut out in one patient. Stable and satisfactorily reduced fractures had a significantly better radiological outcome. Functional outcome measures were similar across fracture patterns. 65% of the patients returned to their preinjury status. The overall complication rate was also significantly higher in unstable fractures. CONCLUSION: Good results with relatively low complication rates can be achieved by PFNA in trochanteric fractures in the elderly. Attention to implant positioning, fracture reduction and a good learning curve is mandatory for successful outcomes.