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Foods ; 11(24)2022 Dec 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36553787

RESUMO

Stepwise drying is an effective technique that promotes energy saving without additional capital cost. The stepwise drying mode was investigated for energy consumption and dried product qualities using a coupled heat and mass transfer model associated with kinetics equations of volume shrinkage and degradation of ß-carotene in carrot cubes. Simulations were performed using a finite element method with extension of a chemical species transport. Validation experiments were carried out under constant drying modes at 60 °C, 70 °C and 80 °C using a lab-scale convective hot air dryer. The verified models were subsequently employed to investigate the effects of two step-up drying modes (60 to 70 °C and 60 to -80 °C). The optimal drying condition was determined using the synthetic evaluation index (SI) with criteria of high specific moisture evaporation rate (SMER), low shrinkage ratio and ß-carotene degradation. Simulated results showed comparable agreement with experimental data of moisture content, shrinkage ratio and ß-carotene ratio. Step-up drying of 60 to 70 °C gave the highest SMER of 0.50 × 10-3 kg of water evaporated per kWh, while the operation at constant temperature of 80 °C gave the lowest value of 0.19 × 10-3 kg of water evaporated per kWh. Model-predicted results showed less shrinkage of carrot cubes, but higher degradation of ß-carotene under step-up drying compared to single-stage drying under temperature of 60 °C. Based on the highest SI value (0.36), carrot cubes were optimally dried under step-up mode of 60 to 70 °C.

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