[The determination of the optimal inoculation dose of an oral cholera bivalent chemical vaccine in a controlled trial of the vaccination of children and adolescents]. / Opredelenie otpimal'noi privivochnoi dozy oral'noi kholernoi bivalentnoi khimicheskoi vaktsiny v kontroliruemom opyte vaktsinatsii detei i podrostkov.

The reactogenicity and immunological effectiveness of different doses of cholera vaccine for oral administration (in tablets), containing choleragen toxoid, Ogawa and Inaba O-antigens and some of Vibrio cholerae exoenzymes, have been tested on 143 children aged 2-17 years. In this investigation the optimum immunization doses of the preparation have been established: two tablets containing 100,000 binding units (BU) of the toxoid and 2,500 units of O-antigen for children 11-14 years; four tablets containing 200,000 BU of the toxoid and 5,000 units of O-antigen for adolescents aged 15-17 years. An essential advantage of the oral vaccine over vaccines intended for parenteral administration lies in its capacity for inducing the accumulation of secretory antibodies (coproantibodies) in practically all vaccinees.

[The efficacy of a cultured rabies vaccine studied in guinea pigs preliminarily infected with a fixed rabies virus]. / Izuchenie éffektivnosti kul'tural'noi antirabicheskoi vaktsiny na morskikh svinkakh v usloviiakh predvaritel'nogo zarazheniia ikh fiksirovannym virusom beshenstva.

In experiments of curative vaccination, carried out with the use of an experimental model similar to the current practice of treatment with antirabies preparations, the advantages of using tissue-culture rabies vaccine with immunogenic potency equal to 1.3 international units (I. U.) were shown. In these experiments the vaccine was introduced into guinea pigs infected with fixed rabies virus, the course of vaccination consisting of 14 daily injections. No correlation between the induction of virus-neutralizing antibodies and the immunogenic potency of tissue-culture rabies vaccine was established: the use of the vaccine with immunogenic potency equal to 0,3 and 1,3 I.U. had no essential influence on the level of antibody formation in the animals.

[The characteristics of the reactogenicity and immunological activity of a new cholera bivalent chemical vaccine based on the results of controlled trials]. / Kharakteristika reaktogennosti i immunologicheskoi aktivnosti novoi kholernoi bivalentnoi khimicheskoi vaktsiny po itogam kontroliruemykh ispytanii.

The reactogenic properties and immunological potency of modified cholera chemical vaccine (choleragen-toxoid + O-antigens Inaba and Ogawa) were tested in 278 volunteers aged 18 years and over in comparison with those of a commercial batch of monovalent cholera vaccine (choleragen-toxoid + O-antigen Inaba). The cholera vaccine, enriched with O-antigen Ogawa, was found to be safe; vaccination with this vaccine was not accompanied by the development of systemic and local reactions whose frequency and intensity met the requirements for the reactogenic properties of commercial cholera vaccine. The immunological potency of the bivalent vaccine with respect to strain Inaba was not inferior to that of the commercial vaccine; at the same time in persons immunized with the new preparation the titers of vibriocidal antibodies to strain of serovar Inaba were five-fold higher. The conclusion on the expediency of using cholera chemical vaccine enriched with O-antigen Ogawa was made.

[The determination of the optimal inoculation dose of an oral cholera chemical bivalent vaccine in a controlled experiment]. / Opredelenie optimal'noi privivochnoi dozy oral'noi kholernoi khimicheskoi bivalentnoi vaktsiny v kontroliruemom opyte.

276 volunteers aged 19 years and over were placed under observation in the course of the trial of oral cholera vaccine in tablets, containing choleragen toxoid, O-antigens of serovars Inaba and Ogawa and a number of Vibrio cholerae exoenzymes, for safety, reactogenic properties and immunological effectiveness. The vaccine was found to produce no reactions in a dose of 1-4 tablets; the administration of 3 tablets (300,000 binding units of the toxoid and 10,000 units of O-antigens, serovars Inaba and Ogawa) was shown to induce the most intensive synthesis of both antitoxins and vibriocidal antibodies in the blood sera of volunteers, as well as IgA coproantibodies. The oral vaccine was found to have an advantage over parenteral vaccines due to the absence of reactogenic properties and the formation of local immunity: coproantibodies appeared in 80% and 9% of the vaccinees respectively.

[A plasma subunit vaccine against hepatitis B studied in field trials]. / Izuchenie sub''edinichnoi plazmennoi vaktsiny protiv gepatitia B v polevykh ispytaniiakh.

The work presents materials on the study of subunit plasma vaccine against hepatitis B (HB), developed in the USSR, in a controlled epidemiological trial. The study showed low reactogenicity and complete safety of the preparation, the level of anti-HBsAg antibodies in persons, formerly found to have no such antibodies, being 88% after three injections of the vaccine. To determine the prophylactic effectiveness of the vaccine, the test and control groups, each consisting of 500 children, were formed from children aged 1-3 years, i.e. belonging to the age group most frequently affected by HB, by the method of random choice. During 18 months from the time of immunization no cases of HB were registered among the vaccinees, while in the control group 5 cases of HB were registered (8.9 per 1000). These results indicate that the plasma vaccine against HB, newly developed in the USSR, is faintly reactogenic, safe and shows sufficiently high antigenic activity and protective potency correlating with this activity.

[Short-latency brain stem evoked potentials to acoustic stimulation in psychogenic disturbances]. / Issledovanie korotkolatentnykh stvolovykh vyzvannykh potentsialov na akusticheskuiu stimuliatsiiu pri psikhogennykh rasstroistvakh.

Short-latent stem evoked brain potentials in response to acoustic stimulation (SSEP to AS) as a research method was used to examine 27 patients with psychogenic disorders. The data obtained have shown that the SSEP curve underwent changes in the form of inhibition, fractionation, and lengthening of the components. Significant correlations were obtained between changes in SSEP in response to AS and the presence of not deep residual-organic disturbances, so-called "ground" in psychogenic disorders. The data obtained make it possible to suggest the use of SSEP in response to AS as an additional electrophysiological method for identification of the latent residual-organic "ground" for psychogenic disorders, which will favour the most adequate treatment of this patient's group.

[Characteristics of the formation of the HBsAg carrier state among pregnant women and newborn infants and their role in the spread of hepatitis B]. / Osobennosti formirovaniia nositel'stva HBsAg sredi beremennykh i novorozhdennykh i ikh rol' v rasprostranenii gepatitia B.

The authors analyze the incidence rate of HBsAg carriership among 8, 120 pregnant women and 261 newborn infants at different periods after birth. The levels of HBsAg carriership among pregnant women and the members of their families, as well as among the personnel of maternity clinics and blood donors, have been established. The rate and time of the detection of HBsAg in infants born to mothers found to be HBsAg carriers have been determined. Measures for the prophylaxis of hepatitis B are discussed with due regard to the specific epidemiological features of the spread of HBsAg carriership, established in this study, and to the presence of antibodies to HBsAg among the above-mentioned groups of the population.

[Frequency of finding hepatitis B viral markers in young children born of mothers carrying the HBs-antigen]. / Chastota vyiavleniia markerov virusa gepatita B u detei rannego vozrasta, rodivshikhsia ot materei--nositelei HBs-antigena.

The present communication deals with the results of investigations on the frequency of HBsAg-carriership among expectant mothers in Fergana (the Uzbek SSR) and on the risk for their children to be infected with hepatitis B virus. To detect the markers of hepatitis B virus, the passive hemagglutination test, the enzyme immunoassay, and the radioimmunoassay were used. The incidence rate of HBsAg-carriership among expectant mothers was rather high (5.1 +/- 0.52%) in comparison with the control group (3.5 +/- 0.70%). The detection of HBsAg in children 3 months after their birth, i.e. at the term corresponding to the possible incubation period of hepatitis B, suggested that the children were infected at birth. As noted in the course of this investigation, the risk for a newborn to be infected was directly related to the titer of HBsAg, as well as to the presence of HBeAg, in the blood of the carrier mother. A high detection rate of HBsAg was registered among children born to HBsAg-carrier mothers, which makes it possible to consider these children as a high risk group with respect to hepatitis B virus infection and necessitates the development of the system of antiepidemic and prophylactic measures for preventing newborns to be infected with hepatitis B.

[Basic results of a committee trial of the new vaccine Grippovac SE-AZh]. / Osnovnye itogi komissionnogo ispytaniia novoi vaktsiny "Grippovak SE-AZh".

In the trial of the trivalent subunit influenza vaccine Grippovac CE-AK observations on children aged 3-6 years were made. The preparation showed insignificant reactogenicity and moderate antigenic potency. The trial established that at the period of the epidemic rise of influenza B morbidity the vaccine showed, according to the data of the clinical diagnosis of influenza, insignificant effectiveness, its index of effectiveness (IE) being 1.08; according to the data of the serological diagnosis of influenza, only the A (H1N1) component of the vaccine was found to have IE equal to 1.58.

[Comparative study of the safety and reactogenicity of different doses of brucellosis chemical vaccine in human revaccination]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie bezvrednosti i reaktogennosti razlichnykh dozirovok brutselleznoi khimicheskoi vaktsiny pri revaktsinatsii liudei.

The period of 11-12 months has been found to be the optimal interval, among other experimentally tested periods of time, between primary immunization and booster immunization with chemical brucellosis vaccine. The safety and low reactogenicity of different doses (1 mg, 0.75 mg and 0.5 mg) of the vaccine have been established. The occurrence and intensity of local and systemic reactions to this vaccine depend neither on the dose of the preparation, nor on previous immunization.

[Comparative study of the antigenic activity and allergic transformation of the body in human revaccination with different doses of a chemical brucellosis vaccine]. / Sravinitel'noe izuchenie antigennoi aktivnosti i allergicheskoi perestroiki organizma pri revaktsinatsii liudei raznymi dozami brutselleznoi khimicheskoi vaktsiny.

The study of different doses of chemical brucellosis vaccine (0.5 mg, 0.75 mg and 1 mg), used for the booster immunization of persons who had received primary immunization with chemical and live brucellosis vaccines, revealed that the characteristics of its antigenic potency were somewhat higher after primary immunization with the live vaccine. When used for booster immunization, the tested doses showed no differences in their antigenic potency irrespective of prior immunizations received by the immunized persons. In booster immunization chemical brucellosis vaccine was found to have poorly pronounced allergenic properties irrespective of its booster dose with the tendency towards greater sensitization to brucellosis allergen in persons primarily immunized with the live vaccine. When considering the possibility of using brucellosis chemical vaccine in medical practice, the complex evaluation of the characteristics showing its reactogenicity and antigenic potency, as well as the allergic transformation of the body induced by the injection of the vaccine, was carried out, which made it possible to recommend 1 mg of the vaccine as the optimal booster dose.

[Effect of immunoglobulin prophylaxis on the incidence of the development of anicteric forms of hepatitis A]. / Izuchenie vliianiia immunoglobulinoprofilaktiki na chastotu formirovaniia bezzheltushnykh form gepatita A.

As the result of the clinico-biochemical examination of children in the foci of hepatitis A, carried out under the conditions of a strictly controlled epidemiological trial, the data on the frequency of the formation of the anicteric forms of hepatitis A in the course of the realization of different tactics of immunoglobulin prophylaxis have been established. The administration of immunoglobulin in a single injection has been shown to decrease the number of both manifest and anicteric forms of hepatitis A two times in comparison with the control. The administration of the preparation on contacts with hepatitis A patients in areas with a high morbidity level has been found to produce no decrease in the frequency of the manifest and anicteric forms of hepatitis A, this frequency remaining on the level registered in the control groups.

[Reactogenicity and antigenic activity of a chromatographic cultured purified and concentrated inactivated dried vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis]. / Izuchenie reaktogennosti i antigennoi aktivnosti khromatograficheskoi kul'tural'noi ochishchennoi kontsentrirovannoi inaktivirovannoi sukhoi vaktsiny protiv kleshchevogo éntsefalita.

The study of the characteristics of a new dried tissue-culture purified concentrated inactivated vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis, manufactured in the USSR, has revealed that the preparation is moderately reactogenic and produces no definite side effects in the vaccinees. In the process of the controlled epidemiological trial the optimum vaccination schedule for the primary immunization of adults against tick-borne encephalitis with the new preparation has been determined by the study of serum samples from the vaccinees in the hemagglutination inhibition test and the neutralization test in tissue culture. In accordance with this vaccination schedule the course of primary immunization with the chromatographic variant of the concentrated vaccine consists of two injections in a dose of 0.5 ml, made at an interval of 6 months.

[Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of 2 methods of immunoglobulin prophylaxis of hepatitis A in areas with high morbidity in this infection]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka éffektivnosti dvukh metodov immunoglobulino-profilaktiki gepatita A na territoriiakh s vysokim urovnem zabolevaemosti étoi infektsiei.

The article presents the results of a strictly controlled epidemiological experiment on the comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of two methols used for the immunoglobulin prophylaxis of hepatitis A; the simultaneous injection of immunoglobulin to all persons at risk at the beginning of the seasonal rise of morbidity and the injection of the preparation to all persons having contacts with hepatitis A patients in the foci of this infection as such foci appear. These results indicate that in the presence of a sufficiently high morbidity rate the injection of immunoglobulin at the beginning of the seasonal rise of morbidity proved to be most effective. Such use of immunoglobulin made it possible to decrease hepatitis A morbidity 2.1 times in comparison with the control groups and 1.5 times in comparison with the groups receiving the preparation in the foci of infection as such foci appeared.

[Comparative study of the sensitivity and specificity of dried and liquid meningococcal erythrocyte diagnostic agents A, C and Y in a controlled trial]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie chuvstvitel'nosti i spetsifichnosti sukhikh i zhidkikh éritrotsitarnykh meningokokkovykh diagnostikumov A, C i Y v usloviiakh kontroliruemogo opyta.

The comparative study of the sensitivity and specificity of dried and liquid meningococcal erythrocyte diagnosticums A, C and Y has been carried out in the indirect hemagglutination test with the sera of persons immunized with different doses of dried chemical meningococcal (group A) polysaccharide vaccine and persons receiving placebo under the conditions of a controlled epidemiological trial. The possibility of using, on principle, both liquid (A, C) and dried (A, C, Y) preparations in clinico-epidemiological studies has been established. The continuation of the research work aimed at the improvement of meningococcal diagnosticums and, in particular, at the development of polyvalent preparations seems to be justified.

[Scientific and applied aspects of the control of viral hepatitis]. / Nauchnye i prakticheskie zadachi bor'by s virusnymi gepatitami.

The importance of the determination of the actual etiological structure of viral hepatitis morbidity is shown. The necessity of introducing a more stringent control of the conditions of current disinfection with due regard to the level of the seasonal rise of hepatitis A morbidity and the time of its beginning is substantiated. The expediency of the multiple (more than 4 times) injection of immunoglobulin for the prophylaxis of hepatitis A is emphasized. Indications to immunoglobulin prophylaxis depending on morbidity rates in different areas and the conditions of the formation of foci with multiple recurrent cases of the disease are considered. Organizational, as well as sanitary and hygienic measures directed towards the decrease of hepatitis B incidence are outlined.

[Effect of the content of hepatitis A antibodies in immunoglobulin preparations on the effectiveness of the immunoglobulin prophylaxis of hepatitis A]. / Vliianie soderzhaniia antitel k virusu gepatita A v preparatakh immunoglobulinov na éffektivnost' immunoglobulinoprofilaktiki gepatita.

The results of a strictly controlled experiment showed that prevention of hepatitis A by the injection of immunoglobulin with hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibody titer 1:10000 was 3 times as effective as that achieved with immunoglobulin containing HAV antibodies in titer 1:2500. It is recommended to determine the level of specific HAV antibodies in immunoglobulins and to use immunoglobulins with a high level of HAV antibodies for prevention of hepatitis A.

[Comparative study of the safety, reactogenicity and antigenic activity of chemical and live brucellosis vaccines in a controlled epidemiological trial]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie bezvrednosti, reaktogennosti i antigennoi aktivnosti brutselleznoi khimicheskoi i zhivoi vaktsin v usloviiakh kontroliruemogo épidemiologicheskogo opyta.

The complex evaluation of the reactogenicity characteristics revealed that after immunization with chemical brucellosis vaccine systemic reactions observed in most of the vaccinees were mildly pronounced and local reactions, mildly and moderately pronounced, their duration not exceeding 48-72 hours. During 4 months after immunization the antigenic and immunogenic potency of chemical brucellosis vaccine was no different from that of live brucellosis vaccine; seropositive persons immunized with chemical and live brucellosis vaccines showed no statistically significant differences in the geometric mean of their antibody titers, as determined in a number of serological tests, for a year after immunization. The examination of the vaccinees 4 and 12 months after immunization revealed that the sensitizing activity of chemical brucellosis vaccine was, respectively, 12.2 and 2.5 times lower than the allergenic action of live brucellosis vaccine.