Innovated surgery incision for patients of congenital malformation of the middle and outer ear with infection (CMMOEI).

BACKGROUND: It is the challenging clinical issue of combining debridement of infected lesions and retaining the blood skin flap for auricle reconstruction in patients of Congenital Malformation of the Middle and Outer Ear with Infection (CMMOEI). AIMS/OBJECTIVES: To innovate and introduce an surgery incision to solve the challenging clinical issue of a combined debridement of infection yet retaining a well vascularized skin flap for auricle reconstruction in patients with CMMOEI. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A combined innovated incision of ear sulcus and prefabricated earlobe was used for 23 cases (23 ears) with CMMOEI, The success in the management of the encountered infections, and the short and moderate-term outcome of the innovated incision to preserve a well-vascularized skin flap for subsequent auricle reconstruction were reviewed. The 23 cases include 10 males and 13 females, aged 4-14 years (mean 8.4 years), 7 left ears and 16 right ears. 14 ears stenosis and 9 ears atresia of the outer ear canals. RESULTS: In all 23 cases, the infections were successfully cleared without recurrence or complication with 2-year follow-up. The local skin flap and its blood supply were well preserved for subsequent auricle reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: The new incision can facilitate clearance of infection in CMOMEI patients, and preserve the retroauricular tissues for subsequent harvesting of a well-vascularized skin flap for subsequent auricle reconstruction.

Study of hearing features of Congenital Malformation of the Middle and Outer Ear (CMMOE).

Background: There is no study on the hearing features of congenital malformation of middle and outer ears (CMMOE), including classification, grades, and frequency characteristics, which play a decisive role in the selection of precise hearing solutions for patients. Aims/Objectives: To analyze the hearing features of CMMOE and provide guidance for clinical practice.Material and Methods: 298 cases (351 ears) with CMMOE were retrospectively analyzed for the features of 0.5 ∼ 4KHz pure tone hearing, including the classification, grades and frequency characteristics. Results: We observed conductive deafness in 84.3% (296/351), mixed deafness in 15.7% (55/351), and 0% (0/351) sensorineural deafness. Grades measured by average Air Conduction Thresholds (ACT) of pure tone: Mild deafness (26-40dB HL) 0.6% (2/351), moderate deafness (41-55dB HL) 10.3% (36/351), moderate to severe deafness (56-70dB HL) 46.1%(162/351), severe deafness (71-90dB HL) 39.9%(140/351), extremely severe deafness (> 90 dB HL) 3.1%(11/351). The average ACT of 296 ears conductive deafness was 67 ± 10 dB HL, of which 56-80dB HL accounted for 78.1% (274/351). In 55 ears with mixed deafness, 32 ears (32/55 = 58.2%) increased Bone Conduction Threshold (BCT) at a single frequency, and out of 32 ears, 31ears (31/55 = 56.4%) ≤40dB HL, 25(25/32 = 78.1%) ears at 2KHz. In 55 ears with mixed deafness, 87.3% (48/55) increased BCT at 2KHz, and the average BCT was 35 ± 10dB HL. Conclusions and Significance: CMMOE result mainly in conductive deafness, moderate to severe and severe deafness. In mixed deafness, the BCT increased mainly at a single frequency, 2KHz and ≤40dB HL. These data suggest that bone-conductive hearing devices are a good solution for CMMOE hearing impairment.

Expression of LATS1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its effect on tumor cell proliferation and invasion.

Nowadays, the incidence and mortality of head and neck tumors are gradually increasing. Head and neck malignant tumors (such as laryngeal cancer, hypopharyngeal cancer, oral cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, and other head and neck malignancies) are more common among systemic tumors. The most common pathological head and neck tumor type is squamous cell carcinoma, accounting for about 90%. In this study, immunohistochemical methods were used to collect the normal squamous epithelial tissues of the head and neck, atypical hyperplasia tissues, and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas on a tissue chip for detection. The recombinant LATS1 overexpression plasmid was prepared and transferred into B88 cells. Western blotting, MTT, and Transwell chamber methods were used to detect the effects of LATS1 proliferation, migration, and B88 cell overexpression. The experimental results showed that in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, the expression of LATS1 protein decreased from 59.3% to 11.3%. At the same time, this protein inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of head and neck squamous epithelial cells and also inhibited epithelium- Interstitial transformation exerts its tumor suppressor effect, indicating that LATS1 may play a tumor suppressor effect as a tumor suppressor gene. An in-depth study of the role and mechanism of LATS1 protein in the occurrence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma may provide new opportunities for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in the future.

SIRT4 expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

SIRT4 has been reported to be abnormally expressed in many malignant tumor tissues, but data in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is lacking. In the present study, we detected the expression of SIRT4 in 168 pairs of LSCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues using RT-qPCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemical staining, and analyzed its clinical implication. We found that SIRT4 expression was low in LSCC tissues, and was significantly related to histological grade, T classification, clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and recurrence of LSCC patients. In vitro, knockdown of SIRT4 promoted the proliferation and migration of LSCC cells, while overexpression of SIRT4 inhibits the proliferation and migration of LSCC cells. Moreover, the expression of SIRT4 protein was an independent factor affecting the disease-free survival (DFS) (HR=0.562, 95%CI=0.1290.834) and overall survival rates (OS) (HR=0.628, 95%CI=0.267-0.935) of LSCC patients. The 5-years DFS and OS in LSCC patients with low SIRT4 expression were significantly lower than that in LSCC patients with high SIRT4 expression. In conclusion, SIRT4 was lowly expressed in LSCC patients, which might be related to more aggressive tumor behaviour and a poor prognosis.

Efficacy of microsurgery in combined with topical-PDT in treating recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: compare JORRP with AORRP.

Background: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) remains a challenging and frustrating disease to treat.Objective: To explore the efficacy of microsurgery in combined with Topical-PDT in treating recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.Materials and methods: Fifty patients with RRP were treated with microsurgery in combined with Topical-PDT. Medical document of each patient was retrospectively reviewed. Detailed clinical information, metrics of clinical course, and current results were evaluated.Results: Juvenile onset RRP (JORRP) might experience a more aggressive course than AORRP (adult onset RRP) with higher Derkay score (p < .01) and higher operation frequency per year (p < .01). Microsurgical excision combined with Topical-PDT every 25 days achieved "remission" of disease in 78% of patients, "clearance" of disease in 52%, and "Cured" in two patients. Each patient who achieved "remission" of disease, performed 6.82 ± 3.39 operations, and continued 8.93 ± 7.03 months of treatment duration. No statistically differences were found in these two aspects between JORRP and AORRP. A negative correlation between tracheotomy and the efficacy of microsurgery in combined with Topical-PDT was found (p = .025, Pearson's r = -0.3).Conclusions and significance: Microsurgery in combined with Topical-PDT might be a powerful method to treat RRP. Tracheotomy is a negative factor for this therapy.

Histological transformation from gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma to gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

This study evaluated the clinical features, treatment and prognosis in Chinese patients with histological transformation (HT) from gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma to gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. We reviewed the medical records of 71 patients diagnosed with HT between 2001 and 2013, retrospectively. Patients had a median age of 56 years. The ratio of sex (male:female) was 1.3:1. The clinical course was often insidious, lacking specific clinical presentation. Macroscopically, the antrum was the most commonly involved site. Thirty-one patients (45%) presented at stage I, and 25 (35%) presented with local (18/71, 25%) or distant (7/71, 10%) nodal involvement. There were also stage IIE (9/71, 12%) and stage IV (6/71, 8%) patients with advanced stages. For all 71 patients, the 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) estimates were 50 and 56%, respectively. There was no statistical difference in 5-year PFS and OS estimates between patients receiving Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) containing eradication (HPE) (p=0.189) and those receiving non-HPE (p=0.359). Upon the Cox regression model, advanced stages were the only independent prognostic factors associated with shorter PFS, and m-IPI was independently associated with shorter PFS and OS. There was no specific clinical manifestation for patients with HT. HPE is thus a promising therapeutic approach for such patients. Moreover, advanced stages and m-IPI significantly influenced patient outcome.

Analysis and Management of Complications in a Cohort of 1,065 Minimally Invasive Cochlear Implantations.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze complications associated with minimally invasive cochlear implantation by comparing data from different centers, to discuss major reasons for complications, and to refine implantation techniques to decrease them. PATIENTS: Patients who underwent cochlear implantation at our center by the same surgeon (the corresponding author of this article) from March 2006 to March 2015 were enrolled. INTERVENTION: First, a retrospective analysis of the complications associated with minimally invasive cochlear implantation at our center was performed. Second, published reports from other centers that describe complications were reviewed. Differences between complications in our cohort and other studies were evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Strategies for reducing complications were assessed and modifications in surgical protocol proposed accordingly. RESULTS: In total, 1,014 patients underwent 1,065 cochlear implantations. There were 28 complications (7 major, 21 minor) and only 2 reimplantations for the entire cohort, with no case of severe infection, flap necrosis, or device extrusion. The major complications were electrode misplacement, magnet displacement, implant failure secondary to trauma, and temporary cerebrospinal fluid leakage. The rates of major complications in our cohort were very low (0.6%) compared with those in the literature. CONCLUSION: Preoperative surgical planning based on individual patient anatomy and employment of soft surgical techniques can minimize surgical complications.

Evaluation of the clinical characteristics, management, and prognosis of 103 patients with gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.

The diagnosis of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is difficult owing to its non-specific symptoms and various endoscopic findings. Treatments such as radiotherapy (RT) for localized and chemotherapy (CT) for advanced stages of the disease are employed. The aim of the present study was to examine the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication (HPE) in patients with gastric MALT lymphoma. The medical records of 103 patients with gastric MALT lymphoma for the period 2001-2013, were analyzed. The 103 median age of the patients was 53 years and the male to female ratio was 1:1. Serum lactate dehydrogenase and ß2-microglobulin were within normal range. Macroscopically, the most commonly involved site was the antrum, followed by the corpus and fundus. A total of 97 patients (94%) tested positive for H. pylori. Forty patients (39%) had stage I, 35 patients (35%) had local or distant nodal involvement, 20 of 103 patients had stage IIIE (19%) and 8 of 103 patients had stage IV (7%) disease. Complete remission, after HPE, was achieved in 54 of the 69 patients (78%) that were H. pylori-positive and in 2 of the 4 patients (50%) that were H. pylori-negative. HPE had a superior trend in the H. pylori-positive patients although no significant difference was identified in the two groups (p=0.194). In patients with advanced disease, the 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) estimates were significantly improoved for patients receiving HPE with CT or RT than those receiving CT or RT (p=0.046 and 0.035, respectively). The multivariate analysis revealed that, the advanced stages were independently associated with shorter PFS, and the modified-International Prognostic Index (m-IPI) (≥2) was associated with shorter OS. In conclusion, gastric MALT lymphoma had a favorable outcome with a high OS rate. HPE was an effective treatment for gastric MALT lymphoma. The patients with advanced stages and m-IPI (≥2) had a much worse prognosis.

Tension-relaxing method-A simplified revision of the endoscopic septoplasty technique: For both aesthetic appearance and functionality.

OBJECTIVE: This article describes a simplified endonasal approach compared with traditional techniques for the correction of crooked noses by using endoscopic tension-relaxing septoplasty in the absence of nasal splints, with attempts to improve both the aesthetic appearance and functionality. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study was conducted at our institution with all 26 patients who underwent tension-relaxing rhinoseptoplasty by endoscope between November 2008 and January 2013. METHODS: Patients who were concerned about their aesthetic appearance and nasal obstruction were subjected to anterior rhinoscopy, endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity, and computed tomography for the evaluation of correlations among deformity of the nasal structures and nasal airway. The tension-relaxing method was used in the endoscopic rhinoseptoplasty by an endonasal approach. We introduced this technique in the surgery for patients with a C- or an I-shaped crooked nose. Subjective (visual analog scale) and objective (quantitative electronic meter measurement) assessments were used to evaluate aesthetic appearance. Validated Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale and active anterior rhinomanometry were used to assess nasal obstruction. RESULTS: All the patients indicated cosmetic satisfaction and reduced nasal obstruction. In cases with I-shaped and C-shaped crooked nose deformities, pre- and postoperative angle values (mean ± standard deviation) were 13.35 ± 3.36° versus 1.85 ± 1.66° (n = 15) and 153.69 ± 6.48° versus 176.64 ± 2.32° (n = 11), respectively. Postoperative correction rates were statistically significant (p < 0.001) in both groups. Results from active anterior rhinomanometry indicated significant improvement in objective nasal obstruction from a mean baseline value of 0.56 ± 0.07 Pa/cm(3)/s (range, 0.43- 0.69 Pa/cm(3)/s), to a 12-month value of 0.26 ± 0.02 Pa/cm(3)/s (range, 0.23-0.29 Pa/cm(3)/s) (p < 0.001). The mean rhinoseptoplasty duration time was 19.00 ± 3.53 minutes. The nose deformities were significantly improved, with no recurrences of septal deviation or crooked nose, nor complications of septal perforation and nasal infection 12 months after the operation. CONCLUSION: This simple technique is feasible and minimally invasive, and may be particularly beneficial to patients with a deviated septum who seek to improve both their aesthetic appearance and nasal functionality. However, this method is not appropriate for those with a crooked nose caused by nasal bone deformity, lateral cartilages, and severe septal deformity.

Correlation analysis of phenotype and genotype of GJB2 in patients with non-syndromic hearing loss in China.

BACKGROUND: Disease-associated mutations in GJB2 gene are one of the major reasons that can cause non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss (NSHL). GJB2 gene deafness has various clinical phenotypes. This study aims to analyze characteristics and relationships of clinical phenotypes through analyzing 1481 NSHL cases and 190 GJB2 deafness patients (with dual gene mutations). PATIENTS AND METHODS: All the patients diagnosed as deaf disease molecular diagnostics were obtained from the people's liberation army general hospital from March 2007 to March 2011. The accession number of GJB2 was NM_004004 in GenBank, and sequence alignment and annotation were performed using GeneTool software. RESULTS: In NSHL patients, mutated allele frequency in GJB2 was 20.57%, and the preponderant type was c.235delC (11.84%) followed by c.109G>A (3.75%). Mutation rate of double allelic gene was 16.18%, including 8.43% of homozygous mutation rate and 7.75% of recombination heterozygosis mutation. Moreover, auditory threshold of GJB2 biallelic marker was associated with ages of onset, while no significant correlation was detected with disease time and whether the inner ear malformation. Similar clinical phenotype could be detected between patients with c.109G>A dual gene mutation and dual gene mutation. However, in the aspect of hearing impairment, the phenomenon of pathopoiesia caused by mutation of c.109G>A was poorer than the other mutations, and even near those patients without pathogenic mutations. CONCLUSION: Our study further shows the definite relationship of clinical phenotype and genotype in GJB2 gene correlated deafness, and these results can provide basis for revealing pathogenesis, gene diagnosis and consult of deafness. The level of evidence in the study is level 4 (case series).

[Study on 2,747 cases of inner ear malformation for its classification in patient with sensorineural hearing loss].

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the data of the patients with sensorineural hearing loss in China and study the classification and incidence of inner ear malformationsby the high-resolution computed tomography. METHOD: The investigation took a retrospective review of CT findings relating to the 2,747 cases of outpatients. The inner ear malformations diagnosed by CT were classified according to the methods proposed by Sennaroglu. RESULT: (1)843 cases of inner ear malformations were found in 2747 cases of patients with sensorineural hearing loss by CT examination. The incidence of inner ear malformation was 30.69%(843/2747). (2) The epidemiological information of 843 cases of inner ear malformation according to Sennaroglu's classification was as follows: cochlea was 52. 31%(441/843), simple vestibular aqueduct was 40.33%(340/843), simple vestibular/ semicircular canal/internal auditory canal were 7. 35%(62/843) of the group. (3) 441 cases of cochlea malformation were consisted of these types of malformation: Michel deformity was 1.13% (5/441), cochlear aplasia was 1. 81% (8/441), common cavity deformity was 3. 17% (14/441), incomplete partition type I was 8. 62% (38/441), cochlea hypoplasia was 9. 07% (40/441) and incomplete partition type II was 76. 19% (336/441) of the group. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that 30. 69% cases of inner ear malformation can be found in patients with sensorineural hearing loss, which is more higher than reported by the high-resolution computed tomography. Sennaroglu's classification is instructively significant in investigating the status of inner ear malformations.

Facial palsy in Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome and Bell's palsy: familial history and recurrence tendency.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare genetic predilection and recurrence tendency between facial palsy in Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) and Bell's palsy METHODS: We carried out an investigation on patients with facial palsy in MRS and those with Bell's palsy who visited the outpatient department in our hospital between February 2009 and February 2013. They were asked about familial history and whether it was the first episode, with the results recorded and compared. RESULTS: There were 16 patients with facial palsy in MRS and 860 patients with Bell's palsy involved in the study. Familial history was positive in 5 of 16 patients (31.3%) with facial palsy in MRS and 56 of 860 patients (6.5%) with Bell's palsy (P < .01). Twelve of 16 cases (75%) with facial palsy in MRS and 88 of 860 cases (10.2%) with Bell's palsy had a history of facial palsy in the past (P < .01). CONCLUSION: Compared to Bell's palsy, facial palsy in MRS has an obvious genetic predilection and recurrence tendency.

The prognostic role of the cancer stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1)-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and clinicopathological features and its effect on survival. A meta-analysis based on published studies was conducted to accurately evaluate the association between the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in clinical samples and clinical outcome. METHODS: A search in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Wanfang databases (up to May 1, 2014) was conducted. Publications assessing the clinical or prognostic significance of ALDH1 expression in HNSCC were identified and reviewed until May 1, 2014. A meta-analysis was performed to clarify the association between ALDH1 expression and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 9 publications satisfied the criteria and comprised 749 cases. ALDH1 expression was not significantly associated with tumor T stage [I+II vs. III+IV; odds ratio (OR)=1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.70-2.15, P=0.48]. However, in the identified studies, ALDH1 expression was highly correlated with tumor differentiation (G1+G2 vs. G3; OR=3.30, 95% CI=1.92-5.67, P<0.001), lymph node metastasis (OR=4.07, 95% CI=1.18-14.10, P=0.03), decreased overall survival [relative risk (RR)=1.84, 95% CI=1.43-2.36, P<0.0001], and decreased disease-free survival (RR=2.34, 95% CI=1.37-4.00, P=0.002). CONCLUSION: ALDH1-positive HNSCC patients had worse prognosis, which was associated with common clinicopathological features and poor prognostic factors.

Coblation plus photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of juvenile onset laryngeal papillomatosis: case reports.

BACKGROUND: In treating juvenile-onset laryngeal papillomatosis, the most difficult aspect is preventing recurrence. After a single treatment, recurrence can begin after as soon as 20 days and the recurrent rate can be higher than 90%. The causes of recurrence include the presence of mucosal cells infected with papilloma virus, which are undetectable with the naked eyes, and surgery-induced infection. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) could effectively solve this problem. Virus-infected cells have a very high metabolic energy for capturing and internalizing the photosensitizer, which, after light stimulation, subsequently induces active oxygen species inside the nucleus, which kill infected cells. The second generation of photosensitizer agents (PA) are locally applied to avoid the intravenous systemic damage caused by first-generation PAs, and this method is widely used for the treatment of genital warts to very good effect. METHODS: We used the photodynamic method to treat laryngeal papillomatosis in children and obtained significant efficacy. We followed three juvenile subjects with recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis through a course of treatment (each course includes three PDT sessions), with a follow-up after 6 months. RESULTS: The characteristic procedures involve exposing the larynx with a laryngoscope and using low-temperature plasma technology to visualize the tumor resection, as the effects of plasma technology can reduce postoperative laryngeal edema and reduce intraoperative metastasis. PDT was performed during the first surgery, 20 days after and 30 days after surgery. At the 6-month follow-ups, there was no recurrence. CONCLUSION: This was the world's first successful reported case of the use of PDT treatment for juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis.

Clinical effect analysis of microscopic surgery for epiglottis cysts with coblation.

This study aims to explore the effects and advantages of coblation combined with microscopy to treat epiglottis cysts. Ninety patients with epiglottis cysts were randomly assigned to three groups: the first group: marsupialisation + electric coagulation group, n = 30; the second group: marsupialisation + coblation, n = 30; and the third group: marsupialisation + coblation + microsurgery, n = 30. To compare the cure rate, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative pain, operation time and postoperative complications were investigated among these three groups. The comparison among three procedures showed a significant difference for intraoperative bleeding volume, operation time and postoperative pain (P < 0.05), whereas no significant difference was observed for cure rate (P > 0.05). These three procedures are effective in treating epiglottis cysts. Microscopic surgery with coblation has the advantages of less bleeding, short procedure duration, less pain and few complications. Thus, microscopic surgery is worthy of clinical application.

Experimental studies on the inhibition of adenovirus-ING4-OSM therapy on nasopharyngeal carcinoma proliferation in vitro and in vivo.

In the present study, the effects of the co-transfer of the tumor growth inhibitor 4 gene (ING4) together with the Oncostatin M (OSM) were investigated on tumor regression and subsequent tumor recurrence. We constructed a recombinant adenovirus carrying ING4 and OSM, which could induce high-level expression of these three genes in NPC CNE-1 cells. Ad-ING4, Ad-OSM and Ad-ING4-OSM infection all inhibited the growth of CNE-1 cells in vitro, while the Ad-ING4-OSM exerted the strongest inhibitory effect. In CNE-1 xenograft tumor models mice, an intratumoral injection of Ad-ING4, Ad-OSM and Ad-ING4-OSM resulted in a reduced tumor burden, compared to normal saline controls. Therefore, we suggested that the introduction of adenovirus-mediated ING4 and OSM genes could synergistically decrease the recurrence or metastases and develop a control of NPC tumors, which advocate a promising therapeutic future in NPC treatment.

[Analysis the relationship between SLC26A4 mutation and current diagnosis of inner ear malformation in children with sensorineural hearing loss].

OBJECTIVE: Explore the relationship between the pathogenic mutations of SLC26A4 gene and inner ear malformation, and analyze the feasibility of genetic testing to help current diagnosis in part of children with sensorineural hearing loss. METHOD: 2094 cases of children were detected by SLC26A4 with the method of DNA sequence. CT phenotypes of those children were classified according to the method proposed by Sennaroglu. We analyzed the relationship between the pathogenic mutations of gene and the CT phenotypes. RESULT: (1) 685 cases of inner ear malformations were found in 2094 cases of children with sensorineural hearing loss by CT examination (371 cases of cochlea malformation were consisted of the follow types of malformation. Michel deformity was 6 cases, cochlea aplasia was 8 cases, common cavity deformity was 12 cases, incomplete partition type I was 27 cases, cochlea hypoplasia was 30 cases and Mondini malformation was 288 cases); Vestibular aqueduct was 265 cases; Vestibular/semicircular canal/internal auditory canal were 49 cases, normal was 1409 cases. (2) The DNA sequence results revealed that 465 cases carried pathogenic mutations (Bi-allelic mutations) of SLC26A4 gene, among which 135 cases were homozygous, 330 cases were compound heterozygous. (3) Pathogenic mutations of SLC26A4 gene detected 100% (465/465) in the group related to vestibular aqueduct malformation. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that pathogenic mutation of SLC26A4 gene is closely related to the CT phenotype of vestibular aqueduct malformation. Detecting of pathogenic mutations for hearing loss is binging the possibility to identify children with inner malformations at an early stage. As a consequence, it will improve the current diagnosis and therapeutical option.

[AG200 and polysomnography in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical value of polysomnography (PSG) and ApneaGraph (AG200) in the diagnosis evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). METHOD: From January to December in 2012, 67 OSAHS patients diagnosed by PSG were examined by AG200. The apnea hypopnea index (AHI), hypopnea index (HI), apnea index (AI), the lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO2) was were detected and the results were analyzed statistically. RESULT: Significant differences were observed in AI, AHI, LSaO2 between AG200 and PSG (P < 0.05, respectively). No statistically significant difference was found in HI. The differences in HI between AG200 and PSG were not significant (P > 0.05). AHI, HI and LSaO2 was were significantly correlated between AG200 and PSG (r = 0.870, 0.743, 0.374, 0.716, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: AG200 could not replace PSG but could identify the level of upper airway obstruction.

[The expression of PD4 and its significance in human laryngeal carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of mycoplasma monoclonal antibody PD4 in different laryngeal carcinoma tissues and their clinical significance. METHOD: Using immunohistochemistry methods to detect 256 cases of laryngeal tissues, including 105 cases of laryngeal carcinoma tissues, 31 cases of neck metastasis lymph node tissues, 18 cases of precarcinoma tissues, 53 cases of vocal cord polyps, 20 cases of normal tissues adjacent to laryngeal carcinoma and 29 cases of normal tissues around laryngeal carcinoma. RESULT: (1) The positive rate of PD4 was 44.76% in laryngeal carcinoma, which was much higher than that in other laryngeal tissues (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). (2) The PD4 expression in laryngeal carcinoma was higher in the third and fourth stages than in the first and second stages, higher with cervical metastasis than those without cervical metastasis and higher in the third and second histological grade than in the first histological grade (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). (3) To 3 and 5 years survival, PD4 positive cases had lower chance than PD4 negative cases (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: These results implicate that the occurrence, development and prognosis of laryngeal carcinoma may be closely related to mycoplasma infection.

[Detection of PD4, CD44, PCNA protein and its clinical significance in human laryngeal carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of PD4, CD44 and PCNA proteins in laryngeal carcinoma and their relationships with the pathogenesis, development and prognosis of laryngeal carcinoma. METHOD: Immunohistochemistry was used to study 140 cases of laryngeal carcinoma tissues, 25 cases of precarcinoma tissues, 36 cases of vocal cord polyps and 13 cases of normal tissues adjacent to laryngeal carcinoma. RESULT: 1. The positive rates of PD4, CD44 and PCNA were 45.71% (64/140), 64.29% (90/140) and 77.86% (109/140) in laryngeal carcinoma, which were much higher than in non-carcinoma tissues (P < 0.01). 2. The third and fourth stages laryngeal carcinoma express stronger PD4 and CD44 than those of the first and second stages. Laryngeal carcinoma with cervical metastasis had higher expression than those without cervical metastasis. To 3 and 5 years' survival, PD4, CD44 and PCNA positive cases had lower chance than those negative cases(P < 0.01 or 0.05). 3. The over all positive rate of PD4, CD44 and PCNA was 27.86% (39/140) in laryngeal carcinoma tissues and 5.41% (4/74) in non-carcinoma tissues. CONCLUSION: The high expression of PD4, CD44 and PCNA proteins maybe closely related to the pathogenesis, development and prognosis of laryngeal carcinoma.