The presence of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is closely associated with poor prognosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

We aimed to confirm the predictive ability of the presence of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) for prognosis and the associations between IDC-P and clinicopathological parameters. Studies were identified in PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and SCOPUS up to December 1, 2019. Hazard ratios (HRs) for survival data and odds ratios for clinicopathological data with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted. Heterogeneity was evaluated by the I[2] value, and quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale criteria. A total of 4179 patients from 13 studies were included. The results showed that IDC-P presence was significantly associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS; HR = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.96-2.73), cancer-specific survival (HR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.28-2.77), and overall survival (HR = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.53-3.01). In the subgroup analysis, IDC-P presence was significantly associated with poor PFS in prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy (HR = 2.48; 95% CI: 2.05-3.00) and treated by radiotherapy (HR = 2.83; 95% CI: 1.65-4.85). Regarding clinicopathological characteristics, patients with IDC-P presence had significantly higher tumor clinical stages, Gleason scores, probabilities of lymph node invasion, positive surgical margins, and positive extraprostatic extension. Our meta-analysis indicates that the presence of IDC-P is closely associated with poor prognosis and adverse clinicopathological characteristics. Our data support the value and clinical utility of the routine detection of IDC-P by pathological examination. These conclusions need further validation, and prospective studies are needed to find better treatment modalities other than traditional first-line therapy for patients with IDC-P.

Differential gene expression profiling of the sciatic nerve in type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The pathogenic mechanisms of DPN and the therapeutic interventions required may be distinct between type 1 (T1) and type 2 (T2) DM. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of DPN in both types of diabetes remain unclear. The aim of the current study was to identify the changes in genes and pathways associated with DPN in sciatic nerves of T1- and T2DM mice using bioinformatics analysis. The microarray profiles of sciatic nerves of T1DM (GSE11343) and T2DM (GSE27382) mouse models were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each. DEGs in the two types of DM (with fold change ≥2 and P<0.05) were identified with BRB-ArrayTools. Gene Ontology (GO) term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins and visualized using Cytoscape. Compared with control samples, 623 and 1,890 DEGs were identified in sciatic nerves of T1- and T2DM mice, respectively. Of these, 75 genes were coordinately dysregulated in the sciatic nerves of both models. Many DEGs unique to T1DM mice were localized to the nucleoplasm and were associated with regulation of transcription processes, while many unique to T2DM mice were localized at cell junctions and were associated with ion transport. In addition, certain DEGs may be associated with the different treatment strategies used for the two types of DM. This analysis provides insight into the functional gene sets and pathways operating in sciatic nerves in T1- and T2DM. The results should improve understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of DPN, and provide information for the development of therapeutic strategies for DPN specific to each type of DM.

Double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial of the effects of diosmectite and basic fibroblast growth factor paste on the treatment of minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effectiveness and safety of topical application of diosmectite (DS) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) paste in the treatment of minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis. STUDY DESIGN: Four pastes, containing bFGF and DS, DS alone, bFGF alone, and vehicle only, were consecutively applied 4 times per day for 5 days. Pain levels and the amount of ulcer amelioration were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 129 participants completed the study. DS+bFGF paste released bFGF continuously and significantly lowered ulcer pain scores (P < .05 for days 3, 4, 5, and 6) compared with the other pastes. The ulcer size was significantly reduced (P < .05 for days 2, 4, and 6) in the DS+bFGF paste group compared with the other groups. No obvious adverse drug effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: DS+bFGF paste was effective in alleviating ulcer pain and promoting healing without significant side effects in the treatment of minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

Efficacy of salvianolic acid B combined with triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and salvianolic acid B (SA-B) intralesional combined injection in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A randomized clinical trial was performed. TA, SA-B, and TA combined with SA-B were consecutively applied intralesionally weekly for 20 weeks. Mouth opening and burning sensation improvement as determined by a 100-mm visual analog scale were evaluated at weeks 10, 20, and 44. RESULTS: Forty-two subjects fulfilled the study without obvious adverse reactions. The net gain in mouth opening was 2.00 ± 1.21 mm in the TA group, 3.48 ± 2.23 mm in the SA-B group, and 5.50 ± 1.80 mm in the TA + SA-B group at week 44. The burning sensation improved by 3.05 ± 0.76 in the TA group, 4.96 ± 0.97 in the SA-B group, and 6.11 ± 0.93 in the TA + SA-B group by the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS: TA + SA-B intralesional injections improved mouth open and burning sensation in these OSF patients.

Clinical evaluation of allicin oral adhesive tablets in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulceration.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effectiveness and safety of topical application of 5 mg allicin adhesive tablets in the treatment of minor recurrent aphthous ulcerations (MiRAU). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, clinical trial was performed. Tablets containing 5 mg allicin or vehicle only were consecutively applied 4 times per day for 5 days. The size and pain level of ulcers were measured and recorded on days 1, 2, 4, and 6. RESULTS: A total of 96 subjects with MiRAU fulfilled the study. Allicin adhesive tablets significantly reduced ulcer size (P < .005, P < .003, P < .001 for days 2, 4, and 6, respectively) and alleviated ulcer pain score (P < .03, P < .001, P < .05 for days 2, 4, and 6, respectively) compared with vehicle tablets. Minor and major adverse reactions were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Allicin adhesive tablets were effective in reducing ulcer size and alleviating ulcer pain of the patients in the treatment of MiRAU without significant side effects.