Crystallization Regulation and Lead Leakage Prevention Simultaneously for High-Performance CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells.

All-inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite is striking as a result of the reasonable band gap and thermal stability. However, the notorious air instability, unsatisfactory conversion efficiencies, and toxic water-soluble Pb2+ ions have greatly limited the further development of CsPbI2Br-based devices. Herein, a facile strategy is developed to prepare efficient and air-stable CsPbI2Br-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with in situ lead leakage protection. With the introduction of 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy-5,5'-disulfobenzophenone disodium salt (BP-9) into the CsPbI2Br precursor solution, the crystallization of perovskite can be regulated at a reduced trap density, the uncoordinated Pb2+ ions and electron-rich defects in the structure can be passivated to suppress non-radiative recombination, and the energy level arrangement can be optimized to improve charge carrier transport. Consequently, the optimized PSC achieved a championship efficiency of 17.11%, accompanied by negligible J-V hysteresis and remarkably improved air stability. More importantly, the strong chelation of BP-9 with water-soluble Pb2+ ions minimizes the leakage of toxic lead in the perovskite structure.

Synergistic Lewis and Brønsted Acid Sites Promote OH* Formation and Enhance Formate Selectivity: Towards High-efficiency Glycerol Valorization.

As a sustainable valorization route, electrochemical glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) involves in formation of key OH* and selective adsorption/cleavage of C-C(O) intermediates with multi-step electron transfer, thus suffering from high potential and poor formate selectivity for most non-noble-metal-based electrocatalysts. So, it remains challenging to understand the structure-property relationship as well as construct synergistic sites to realize high-activity and high-selectivity GOR. Herein, we successfully achieve dual-high performance with low potentials and superior formate selectivity for GOR by forming synergistic Lewis and Brønsted acid sites in Ni-alloyed Co-based spinel. The optimized NiCo oxide solid-acid electrocatalyst exhibits low reaction potential (1.219 V@10 mA/cm2) and high formate selectivity (94.0 %) toward GOR. In situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and pH-dependence measurements show that the Lewis acid centers could accelerate OH* production, while the Brønsted acid centers are proved to facilitate high-selectivity formation of formate. Theoretical calculations reveal that NiCo alloyed oxide shows appropriate d-band center, thus balancing adsorption/desorption of C-O intermediates. This study provides new insights into rationally designing solid-acid electrocatalysts for biomass electro-upcycling.

Accelerating electrosynthesis of ammonia from nitrates using coupled NiO/Cu nanocomposites.

Herein, we report a nanocomposite electrocatalyst with coupled Cu and NiO, showing a high Faraday efficiency of 97% and excellent ammonia production rate (450 mg h-1 cm-2) for nitrate reduction. In situ UV-vis spectroscopic studies confirmed that the synergy between NiO and Cu could avoid NO2- enrichment and promote tandem nitrate reduction to ammonia synthesis.

Flow Channel with Recognition Corners in a Stable La-MOF for One-Step Ethylene Production.

Single-step ethylene (C2H4) production from acetylene (C2H2), ethylene (C2H4), and ethane (C2H6) mixtures was realized via the strategy of a flow channel with recognition corners in MOF NTUniv-64. Both the uptake amounts and the enthalpy of adsorption (Qst) showed the same order of C2H2 > C2H6 > C2H4. Breakthrough testing also verified the above data and the C2H4 purification ability. Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations indicated that uneven corners could precisely detain C2H2 and C2H6, in which the C-H···π interaction distance between C2H2 (2.84 Å) and C2H6 (3.03 Å) and the framework was shorter than that of C2H4 (3.85 Å).

Fine Tuning Metal-Organic Frameworks with Halogen Functional Groups for Ethylene Purification.

One-step C2H4 purification from a mixture of C2H2/C2H4/C2H6 could be achieved by metal-organic framework (MOF) NTUniv-70 with an F-functional group. The selectivities of C2H4/C2H6 and C2H4/C2H2 of NTUnvi-70 based on ideal adsorbed solution theory were at least twice that of the original MOF platform, which was in line with the enthalpy of adsorption (Qst) and breakthrough testing. Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations indicated that the C-H···F interactions played an important role in enhanced C2H4/C2H6 and C2H4/C2H2 adsorption selectivities.

Creating an Ethane Trap in a Ketone-Decorated MOF for One-Step Ethylene Separation from C2 Hydrocarbons.

One-step C2H4 purification from a mixture of C2H2/C2H4/C2H6 by physical adsorption separation was realized via creating an ethane trap in MOF NTUniv-63 by the utilization of a ketone-decorated semirigid ligand, which has further been verified by the breakthrough experiment, isosteric heats of adsorption (Qst), and Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) modeling.

Expanding MOF with Unexpanded Channel via Ketone Decorated Ligand for Ethylene Purification and Stability Enhancement.

The concept of an expanding MOF with unexpanded channel size was realized in MOF NTUniv-61 by the utilization of a ketone-functional-group-decorated semirigid ligand and pillar-layer platform. After this unusual expansion, the preferential C2H6 adsorption was preserved via the unchanged pore size, and the functional group was inserted into the MOF. Interestingly, the C2H2 uptake ability, C2H4 selective adsorption ability, and structural stability were obviously enhanced due to the incorporation of the ketone functional group, which were further verified by isosteric heats of adsorption (Qst), GCMC modeling, and breakthrough experiments.

Degradation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in neutral conditions based on copper-manganese bimetallic catalyst.

There have been many studies on the degradation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) by the Fenton-like method, but the narrow acid-base (pH) range, poor degradation effect, and time-consuming of the Fenton-like method limit its development. Therefore, to improve the shortcomings of the Fenton-like method, the study aimed to synthesize copper-manganese bimetal oxide loaded catalysts (MnCuO@γ-Al2O3) through the impregnation calcination method, and its potential to activate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for the degradation of PVA was evaluated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterizations revealed the chemical composition, structure and morphology of the prepared MnCuO@γ-Al2O3, furthermore the synergistic mechanism was proposed. Results indicated that copper and manganese could successfully attach to γ-Al2O3 and reduce the specific surface area of γ-Al2O3, promoting the transformation of multivalent metals and the generation of oxygen vacancies. In addition, comparative experiments demonstrated that the PVA removal efficiency was significantly improved at the catalyst calcination temperature of 500 °C, reaction temperature of 70 °C, H2O2 dosage of 125 [Formula: see text], and catalyst dosage of 625 [Formula: see text] and more than 96% of PVA was removed within 20 min in neutral conditions. Lastly, four catalyst cycle degradation experiments of PVA were carried out, and the degradation effect could reach more than 96% in a certain time.

Crystal Field Engineering of Pr-Activated Gehlenite with Near Golden Ultraviolet C Emission for 100% Sterilization Efficiency.

Ultraviolet C (UVC) sterilization has the advantages of high efficiency, broad spectrum, and no secondary pollution. However, the emission wavelength of UVC phosphors still suffers from a large deviation from the golden sterilization wavelength of 265 nm and a low luminescence intensity. Herein, we report UVC emission near the golden sterilization wavelength as well as a long afterglow through crystal field engineering, which can lead to 100% sterilization efficiency. Combined with theoretical calculation and experimental studies, substitution of Ca2+ with large-sized Sr2+ could obtain slight expansion and distortion of cationic sites, resulting in a decrease in crystal field intensity and blue shift of Ca1.5Sr0.5Al2SiO7:1%Pr3+, and produce near golden UVC emission. Ca1.5Sr0.5Al2SiO7:1%Pr3+ phosphor can effectively inactivate Staphylococcus aureus within 10 min, showing more efficiency than the traditional mercury lamp. This work provides an effective solution for the design and preparation of UVC phosphors using crystal field engineering toward near golden UVC emission.

Fine-Tuning MOFs with Amino Group for One-Step Ethylene Purification from the C2 Hydrocarbon Mixture.

Due to the similar kinetic diameters of C2H2, C2H4, and C2H6, one-step purification of C2H4 from a ternary C2H2/C2H4/C2H6 mixture by adsorption separation is still a challenge. Based on a C2H6-trapping platform and crystal engineering strategy, the N atom and amino group were introduced into NTUniv-58 and NTUniv-59, respectively. Gas adsorption testing of NTUniv-58 showed that both the C2H2 and C2H4 uptake capacities and the C2H2/C2H4 separation ability were boosted compared with the original platform. However, the C2H4 uptake value exceeds the C2H6 adsorption data. For NTUniv-59, the C2H2 uptake at low pressure increased and the C2H4 uptake decreased; thus, the C2H2/C2H4 selectivity was enhanced and the one-step purification of C2H4 from a ternary C2H2/C2H4/C2H6 mixture was realized, which was supported by the enthalpy of adsorption (Qst) and breakthrough testing. Grand canonical monte carlo (GCMC) simulation indicated that the preference for C2H2 over C2H4 originates from multiple hydrogen-bonding interactions between amino groups and C2H2 molecules.

Bismuth Vacancy-Induced Enhancement of Luminescence Intensity and Irradiation Resistance for Bi4Ge3O12.

Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) is a traditional scintillator, widely used in high-energy physics and nuclear medicine. However, it not only suffers from low scintillation intensity but also tends to be damaged by high-energy rays. Herein, we prepare pure-phase BGO materials enriched with Bi vacancies by rationally reduced Bi content, showing significantly enhanced luminescence intensity and irradiation resistance ability. The optimized Bi3.6Ge3O12 shows 178% of luminescence intensity compared to BGO. After 50 h of ultraviolet irradiation, Bi3.6Ge3O12 possesses ∼80% of original luminescence intensity, much superior to the 60% for BGO. The existence of the Bi vacancy is identified by advanced experimental and theoretical studies. The mechanism studies show the Bi vacancies could cause the symmetry destruction of the local field around the Bi3+ ion. It enhances scintillation luminescence by increasing the probability of radiative transition while resisting nonradiative relaxation caused by irradiation damage. This study initiates vacancy-induced performance enhancement for inorganic scintillators.

Multifunctional anthraquinone-sulfonic potassium salts passivate the buried interface for efficient and stable planar perovskite solar cells.

SnO2-based planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered as potential photovoltaic candidates due to their simple structures and cost-effective preparation processes. However, the extensive defects accumulated at the buried interface between perovskite and SnO2 greatly hinder the further improvement of PSC efficiency and stability. Herein, the potassium salt of anthraquinone-1,8-disulfonate (ASPS) is used as a novel multifunctional interfacial modifier to improve the carrier transport performance at the buried interface and optimize the quality of the upper perovskite light absorber layer (PVK) in PSCs. Owing to the synergistic effect of sulfonic acid groups, carbonyl groups and potassium ions in ASPS, the accumulated defects at the buried interface are passivated, the energy level arrangement of the interface is optimized, and the crystalline quality and optoelectronic properties of the PVK films are improved. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) improved significantly from 21.36% for the controlled device to 23.96% for the ASPS-modified device. Furthermore, the unencapsulated ASPS-modified device also exhibited better storage stability and thermal stability than the controlled device.

High-Efficiency CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells with over 83% Fill Factor by Synergistic Effects of a Multifunctional Additive.

All-inorganic CsPbI2Br with outstanding thermal stability and excellent photoelectric properties is considered as a promising candidate for photovoltaic applications. However, the efficiency of CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is still much lower than that of their organic-inorganic hybrid counterparts or CsPbI3-based devices. Herein, we obtained an optimized CsPbI2Br PSC (0.09 cm2) with a champion efficiency of 17.38% and a record fill factor of 83.6% by introducing potassium anthraquinone-1,8-disulfonate (DAD) in the precursor solution. The synergistic effect between the electronegative functional groups and K+ ions in the DAD structure can not only effectively regulate the crystallization growth process to improve the crystalline quality and stability of photo-active CsPbI2Br but also optimize the energy level alignment and passivate the defects to improve the carrier transport properties. The efficiency of the corresponding large-area device (5 cm × 5 cm with an active area of 19.25 cm2) reached 13.20%. Moreover, the optimized CsPbI2Br PSC exhibited negligible hysteresis and enhanced long-term storage stability as well as thermal stability. Our method produces more stable photo-active CsPbI2Br with excellent photoelectric properties for industrial applications or perovskite/silicon tandem cells.

Water-soluble phosphate-pillar[5]arene (WPP5)-based artificial light-harvesting system for photocatalytic cross-coupling dehydrogenation.

A novel water-soluble phosphate-pillar[5]arene (WPP5)-based artificial light-harvesting system (LHS) was successfully fabricated through the supramolecular assembly of phenyl-pyridyl-acrylonitrile derivative (PBT), WPP5, and organic pigment Eosin Y (ESY). Initially, after host-guest interaction, WPP5 could bind well with PBT and form WPP5 âŠƒ PBT complexes in water, which further assembled into WPP5 âŠƒ PBT nanoparticles. WPP5 âŠƒ PBT nanoparticles performed an outstanding aggregation-induced emission (AIE) capability because of the J-aggregates of PBT in WPP5 âŠƒ PBT nanoparticles, which were appropriate as fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) donors for artificial light-harvesting. Moreover, due to the emission region of WPP5 âŠƒ PBT overlapped well with the UV-Vis absorption of ESY, the energy of WPP5 âŠƒ PBT (donor) could be significantly transferred to ESY (acceptor) via FRET process in WPP5 âŠƒ PBT-ESY nanoparticles. Notably, the antenna effect (AEWPP5⊃PBT-ESY) of WPP5 âŠƒ PBT-ESY LHS was determined to be 30.3, which was much higher than that of recent artificial LHSs for photocatalytic cross-coupling dehydrogenation (CCD) reactions, suggesting a potential application in photocatalytic reaction. Furthermore, through the energy transfer from PBT to ESY, the absolute fluorescence quantum yields performed a remarkable increase from 14.4% (for WPP5 âŠƒ PBT) to 35.7% (for WPP5 âŠƒ PBT-ESY), further confirming their FRET processes in WPP5 âŠƒ PBT-ESY LHS. Subsequently, in order to output the harvested energy for catalytic reactions, WPP5 âŠƒ PBT-ESY LHSs were used as photosensitizers to catalyze the CCD reaction of benzothiazole and diphenylphosphine oxide. Compared to free ESY group (21%), a significant cross-coupling yield of 75% in WPP5 âŠƒ PBT-ESY LHS was observed, because more UV region energy of PBT was transferred to ESY for CCD reaction, which suggested more potential in improving the catalytic activity of organic pigment photosensitizers in aqueous systems.

Lanthanide Single-molecule Magnets: Synthetic Strategy, Structures, Properties and Recent Advances.

Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) show wide potential applications in the field of ultrahigh-density storage materials, quantum computing, spintronics, and so on. Lanthanide (Ln) SMMs, as an important category of SMMs, open up a promising prospect due to their large magnetic moments and huge magnetic anisotropy. However, the construction of high performance for Ln SMMs remains an enormous challenge. Although remarkable advances are focused on the topic of Ln SMMs, the research on Ln SMMs with different nuclear numbers is still deficient. Therefore, this review summarizes the design strategies for the construction of Ln SMMs, as well as the metal skeleton types. Furthermore, we collect reported Ln SMMs with mononuclearity, dinuclearity, and multinuclearity (three or more Ln spin centers) and the SMM properties including energy barrier (Ueff ) and pre-exponential factor (τ0 ) are described. Finally, Ln SMMs with low-nuclearity SMMs, especially for single-ion magnets (SIMs), are highlighted to understand the correlations between structures and magnetic behavior of the detail SMM properties are described. We expect the review can shed light on the future developments of high-performance Ln SMMs.

Rationalizing Functionalized MXenes as Effective Anchor Materials for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries via First-Principles Calculations.

The practical application of Li-S batteries has been greatly hindered by severe shuttle effects and sluggish kinetics. Anchoring soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) onto host materials by chemisorption is an effective strategy for extending battery life. In this work, we performed systematic density functional theory calculations to evaluate the anchoring performance of O/F-covered MXene (M2TC2) in lithium-sulfur batteries. Our results indicate that the moderate anchoring strength (∼2.5 eV), outstanding sulfur reduction performance (UL > -0.6 V), and low lithium ion diffusion barrier (<0.2 eV) of Mo2CF2 and V2CF2 make them promising host materials for LiPSs. We further revealed the determinants of the strength of binding of LiPSs to M2CT2. On the basis of the strong correlation among QM, χO/F, and Ea, we established a "structure-property" equation to reveal the active origin of M2CT2. We expect that the framework established in this work will accelerate the development of Li-S batteries.

Formation of a Polar Flow Channel with Embedded Gas Recognition Pockets in a Yttrium-Based MOF for Enhanced C2H2/C2H4 and CO2 Selective Adsorptions.

A polar flow channel with embedded gas recognition pockets was made in a 10-connected hexanuclear yttrium-based metal-organic frameworks (MOF) NTUniv-57 (NTUniv = Nantong University) by lowering the symmetry of the ligand, which showed high chemical stability and obviously enhanced gas adsorption selectivities.

A multifunctional chemical linker in a buried interface for stable and efficient planar perovskite solar cells.

The buried interface between a perovskite (PVK) light absorbing layer and an electron transport layer (ETL) plays an utmost important role in further improving the efficiency and stability of planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The interfacial properties greatly affect charge transport, perovskite crystal growth, and device stability. Herein, a variable structure broad-spectrum UV-284 absorber agent 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid (HMBS) is introduced into PSCs based on SnO2 ETLs as an efficient multifunctional chemical linker to modify the buried interface properties. HMBS used to modify SnO2 can simultaneously suppress the surface trap states of ETLs, optimize the ETL/PVK interface energy level arrangement, and improve the crystallization quality of the upper perovskite films. Meanwhile, as an efficient UV absorber, HMBS can also greatly reduce the damage caused by UV light to perovskite films and thus improve the stability of devices. Consequently, HMBS-modified PSCs exhibit champion efficiencies of 23.42% (0.09 cm2) and 20.63% (1.00 cm2) along with remarkably enhanced UV stability. This work emphasizes the importance of appropriate interface treatment strategies for buried interface modification and provides an effective method for fabricating efficient and UV resistant perovskite photovoltaic devices.

Cross-Linking Network of Soft-Rigid Dual Chains to Effectively Suppress Volume Change of Silicon Anode.

Polyacrylic acid (PAA) is a promising binder for the high-capacity Si anode. However, the one-dimensional structure of PAA could cause the linear molecular chains to slide from the Si surface during the charge-discharge processes, leading to insufficient suppression of the massive volume expansion of the Si anode. Herein, a soft-rigid dual chains' network of PAA-sodium silicate (PAA-SS) was successfully constructed by cross-linking PAA and SS in situ at room temperature. The soft chains of PAA and the rigid chains of polysilicic acid synergistically ensure the enhanced adhesion property and mechanical strength. Therefore, the Si electrode with PAA-SS binder delivers a discharge capacity of 1559 mAh/g after 150 cycles at 4.2 A/g (1C) with an initial Coulombic efficiency of 93.2%. Moreover, the PAA-SS based SiC-500 electrode exhibits a discharge capacity of 441 mAh/g with the capacity retention of 88.2% after 500 cycles at 0.5 A/g, implying the PAA-SS binder's great industrial prospect in Si based electrodes.

MOF Pillaring Method: Ligand-to-Ligand and Axial-to-Axial Cross-Linking of "Paddlewheels".

By shortening the previous shortest tetracarboxylate ligand, the first ligand-to-ligand and axial-to-axial pillaring method was realized in the prototype MOF NTUniv-56 (NTUniv = Nantong University), which exhibit a rare (2,4,6)-connected net with a new topology and interesting gas adsorption performance.