[ANCA-negative granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a case report].

We reported a case of 73-year-old male with multiple pulmonary nodules and cavities. The patient was admitted with a chief complaint of "dry cough with shortness of breath for 3 months". Chest CT showed multiple irregular masses, nodules, and patchy lesions in both lungs, accompanied by the formation of cavities. He also had anemia and renal dysfunction. Despite given empirical anti-infective and anti-tuberculosis treatments, the pulmonary nodules progressed, and the cavities enlarged. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) were negative twice. Bronchoscopic biopsy was performed. The mucosal pathology of the right middle lobe lesion showed little necrosis, focal granulomatous structure formation, and relevant vasculitis and remaining vessel wall structure in the necrosis lesions by elastic fiber staining. A clinical diagnosis of ANCA-negative necrotizing granulomatous polyangiitis was made and the patient was treated with glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide. The nodules and cavities shrank, and some lesions were absorbed.

[Research on friction and wear behaviors of silicon-lithium spray coating on zirconia ceramics].

OBJECTIVE: To study microstructure, friction and wear behaviors of silicon-lithium spray coating on the surface of zirconia ceramics and to preliminarily evaluate its esthetic so as to provide support and guidance for the clinical application. METHODS: Zirconia ceramic specimens were randomly divided into three groups: coating group (two subgroups), polishing group (two subgroups), and glazing group (four subgroups), with 10 samples in each subgroup. The two subgroups of coating group were the zirconia ceramics with the untreated and preliminary polishing surfaces sprayed with silicon-lithium coating, respectively. The two subgroups of polishing group were preliminary polishing and fine polishing of zirconia ceramics, respectively. The four subgroups of glazing group were preliminarily polished zirconia ceramics glazed with Biomic and Stain/Glaze products, respectively; and untreated zirconia ceramics glazed with Biomic and Stain/Glaze products, respectively. The above 8 subgroups of zirconia ceramic specimens were used as friction pairs with 80 steatite ceramics for 50 000 chewing cycles under 50 N vertical load and artificial saliva lubrication using chewing simulation. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the microstructure of the surface and section of the coating group, and the thickness of the coating and glazing were measured. The linear roughness of the coating and polishing groups was mea-sured using a laser confocal scanning microscope. Vickers hardness was measured using a microhardness tester and the esthetic of zirconia ceramic full crown sprayed with silicon-lithium coating was preliminarily evaluated. White light interferometer was used to measure the width, the maximum depth and the volume of the wear scars of each group, and the wear depth of steatite ceramics and wear rate of zirconia ceramic specimens were calculated. Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test and Dunn's multiple comparisons test were used to analyze the wear depth of each group (α=0.05). RESULTS: The microstructures of the silica-lithium spray coatings on the untreated and preliminarily polished zirconia ceramic surfaces showed the protruding defects, and the line roughness of coating group was larger than that of the polishing group. The median thickness of the silica-lithium spray coating on the preliminarily polished zirconia ceramic was 13.0 µm (interquartile range, IQR: 11.6, 17.9), while that of the silica-lithium spray coating on the untreated zirconia ceramic was 4.4 µm (IQR: 4.1, 4.7). The Vickers hardness and wear rate of the coating group were between the polishing group and the glazing group. The wear depths of the wear scars of steatite ceramics were the glazing group, coating group, and polishing group in descending order, and there was statistically significant difference between glazing and polishing groups (P < 0.05). With the increase of polishing procedure, the wear depth of steatite ceramics decreased in each subgroups. The orders of maximum depth and volume of wear scars of zirconia ceramic were the glazing group, coating group, and polishing group in descending order, and there was statistically significant difference in the maximum depth of wear scars between glazing and polishing groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The silica-lithium spray coating on the zirconia ceramic, can be used as a new method for zirconia ceramic surface treatment, because it can increase the esthetic of zirconia ceramics compared with polishing and reduce the wear of steatite ceramics compared with glazing.

[Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis caused by hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis: A case report].

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) was a life-threatening syndrome due to the uncontrolled immune activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages. HLH is characterized by primary and secondary causes, the early diagnosis and treatment of patients are closely related to the prognosis and clinical outcome of patients. The clinical presentation is variable but mostly includes prolonged fever, splenomegaly, coagulopathy, hypertriglyceridemia, and hemophagocytosis, none of them is specific and particular for HLH. Tuberculosis (TB) infection is one of the causes of HLH. HLH caused by TB is very rare clinically, but it has a high mortality. For patients with fever of unknown origin, HLH-related clinical manifestations sometimes present before the final diagnosis of TB, and HLH is associated with the most significant mortality rate. This article is mainly about a 28-year-old patient with HLH who suffered from severe TB infection. The patient attended a hospital with a history of 2 months of prolonged fever, 10 days booger and subcutaneous hemorrhage in lower limbs. Before this, he was in good health and denied any history of tuberculosis exposure. Combined with relevant laboratory test results (such as splenomegaly, hemoglobin, platelet count, and hypertriglyceridemia) and clinical manifestations (e.g. fever), the patient was diagnosed with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, but the etiology of HLH remained to be determined. To confirm the etiology, the patient was asked about the relevant medical history (intermittent low back pain) and was performed chest CT scan, bone marrow biopsy, and fundus photography. Finally, he was diagnosed with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis caused by hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis. In response to this, intravenous methylprednisolone and anti-tuberculosis treatment (isoniazid, pyrazinamide, moxifloxacin, and amikacin) were administered to the patient. After more than a month of treatment, the patient recovered from HLH caused by severe TB infection. Therefore, this case suggests that we should be vigilant to the patient who admitted to the hospital with fever for unknown reasons, to diagnose HLH as early as possible and clarify its cause, then perform interventions and treatment, especially HLH secondary to tuberculosis. Also, cases of atypical TB and severe TB should be carefully monitored to achieve early diagnosis and early intervention.

[Preliminary measurement and analysis of the condylar movement envelope surface parameters in healthy adults].

Objective: To measure and analyze parameters of the three-dimensional (3D) model of the condylar movement envelope surface (ES) and provide a reference for the design of the temporomandibular prosthesis. Methods: Thirty-four healthy adults aged (25.4±2.8) years were recruited from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology as subjects. There were 9 males and 25 females, most of them were university students and others outside the university have received undergraduate education or above. Condylar movement ES were obtained using the previous method on the 3D trajectory of condyle. The simulations of condylar movement were projected according to opening movements, protrusion movements, and lateral movements respectively. The total area of the ES and the area proportions of models formed by above different mandibular movements were measured and calculated. The adults' head and maxillofacial 3D models reconstructed by cone beam CT were registered with ES in Geomagic Studio. The inner and outer poles of the condyle, the corrective sagittal axis of the ES, and the median sagittal plane (MSP) were calibrated in registration models using Geomagic Studio, and the parameters were measured as follows: the anteroposterior and medialateral diameters of the condyle, the anteroposterior diameters and the transverse diameters (anterior, middle and posterior parts) of the ES, the angles between the corrective sagittal axis of the ES and MSP (ES-MSP). Pearson correlation analysis was performed by SPSS 24.0. Results: The total area of the ES was (760±133) mm2, the opening movement part accounted for (63.3±15.2)%, the protrusion movement part accounted for (14.9±9.6)%, the lateral movement part accounted for (21.8±13.3)%. Parameter measurements were as follows: mediolateral diameters of condyle was (19.8±2.3) mm; anteroposterior diameter of the ES was (21.2±3.1) mm, the transverse diameters (anterior, middle and posterior parts) of the ES were (20.6±2.4), (20.4±2.4), (22.0±2.6) mm, respectively; the transverse diameters of the ES were about 2 mm larger than that of the condyle. The angle between the corrective sagittal axis of ES and the MSP was 6.8°±6.2°. The coefficient of variation (CV) in these parameters showed: CV of the transverse diameters (anterior, middle and posterior parts) of the ES and mediolateral diameter of the condyle were 0.98, 0.99, 0.93, respectively (P<0.001). CV of aera of ES and mediolateral diameter of the condyle was 0.64 (P=0.002). CV of aera of ES and anteroposterior diameter of ES was 0.62 (P=0.004). Conclusions: The 3D envelope surface model formed by mandibular opening movements accounted for the largest proportion of the ES. The corrective sagittal axis of the ES was at an angle to the MSP, the transverse diameters (anterior, middle and posterior parts) of the ES were approximately 2 mm larger than the mediolateral diameter of the condyle, the transverse diameters (anterior, middle and posterior parts) of the ES were highly positively correlated with the mediolateral diameter of the condyle.

[Nutrition management of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalized in Respiratory Intensive Care Unit].

Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important part of the course of COPD. Patients with life-threatening acute exacerbation need to be admitted to the respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) for treatment in time. Malnutrition is common in COPD patients, and nutritional risk also has a high prevalence in patients with COPD exacerbation, which is closely associated with the clinical outcome and mortality of these patients. Identifying patients with high nutritional risk and providing appropriate nutritional treatment will help to improve survival rate, shorten length of hospital stay and reduce complications. This review describes the potential mechanisms of malnutrition in patients with COPD, the nutritional risk assessment of patients with COPD exacerbation hospitalized in RICU, the selection of nutritional treatment methods and formulas, and the relevant problems of nutritional management of patients required noninvasive ventilation, hoping to provide information for the optimization of nutritional treatment strategy for acute exacerbation of COPD and the exploration of clinical research in the future.

[Significance of aspergillus fumigatus-specific IgG in the diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis].

The data of 18 patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) who received aspergillus fumigatus-specific IgG detection from 2015 to 2021 in Peking University Third Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 11 were male and 7 were female, aged 18-79 years. All patients had a history of asthma or symptoms of cough and asthma, and aspergillus fumigatus-specific IgE was positive; 16 patients had total serum IgE>500 U/ml, of which 13 patients had total serum IgE>1 000 U/ml. Among other diagnostic indicators, peripheral blood eosinophils were >0.5×109/L in 16 cases; lung CT showed bronchiectasis in 15 cases; serum aspergillus fumigatus-specific IgG was positive (>120 AU/ml) in 10 cases. There was no significant difference in serum total IgE level, peripheral blood eosinophil count, and bronchiectasis ratio between positive and negative cases of aspergillus fumigatus-specific IgG (all P>0.05). In this study, the positive rate of aspergillus fumigatus-specific IgG in patients with ABPA was more than 50%, which has auxiliary value in the diagnosis of ABPA.

[Focus on influenza vaccination in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Influenza vaccination has been shown to reduce lower airway infections requiring hospitalization, and reduce mortality and exacerbation frequency in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), and therefore is recommended for all COPD patients by guidelines. However, the coverage of influenza vaccination in Chinese COPD patients is far from satisfactory. The large-scale COVID-19 vaccination may have a positive impact on the attitude towards influenza vaccines, and healthcare professionals should take active measures to improve the rate of influenza vaccination in patients with COPD.

[A survey on the application of diagnostic and evaluation tools for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among respiratory physicians].

Objective: To investigate the current status of the application of diagnostic and assessment tools for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) by respiratory physicians in China. Method: An on-line questionnaire was designed to address the common questions in COPD diagnosis and evaluation, and this survey was conducted through Wechat. Result: A total of 3 204 valid questionnaires were collected. 71.7% of the physicians were from tertiary hospitals. 75.4% of the physicians diagnosed COPD strictly on the basis of lung function results after inhaled bronchodilators, and this percentage was higher in tertiary hospitals than in secondary hospitals(78.71% vs. 66.92%, P<0.01). 99.3% of the physicians evaluated symptoms of dyspnea, but 26.8% of physicians did not use a scoring system(CAT or mMRC) for quantitative assessment. Although 83.8% of physicians would use the guideline-recommended comprehensive assessment(ABCD classification), only 45.1% of them chose initial therapy exactly according to the classification. In addition, 28.3% of physicians did not routinely order blood eosinophil counts and 20.1% did not inquire the history of tuberculosis. Conclusions: Although most respiratory physicians followed the guidelines in the diagnosis and evaluation of COPD, the use of assessment tools was inadequate, which should be addressed in educational programs for COPD management.

[Labelling, segmentation and application of neural network based on machine learning of three-dimensional intraoral anatomical features].

With the advent of the era of big data, artificial intelligence based on machine learning, especially artificial neural network has rapidly developed and applicated in the field of stomatology, owning huge potential in segmentation and labelling of three-dimensional intraoral anatomical features. Automatic segmentation, labelling and diagnosis can assist dentists and technicians to complete heavy and repeat work, change stomatology from subjective perception to objective science, and help to make diagnosis and treatment plan efficiently and accurately. This review briefly summarized related knowledge and development of machine learning and artificial neural network, its application status and existing problems in the field of segmentation and labelling of three-dimensional intraoral anatomical features, and provided an outlook of its future development.

[Independent innovation research, development and transformation of precise bionic repair technology for oral prosthesis].

According to the fourth national oral health epidemiological survey report (2018), billions of teeth are lost or missing in China, inducing chewing dysfunction, which is necessary to build physiological function using restorations. Digital technology improves the efficiency and accuracy of oral restoration, with the application of three-dimensional scans, computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), bionic material design and so on. However, the basic research and product development of digital technology in China lack international competitiveness, with related products basically relying on imports, including denture 3D design software, 3D oral printers, and digitally processed materials. To overcome these difficulties, from 2001, Yuchun Sun's team, from Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, developed a series of studies in artificial intelligence design and precision bionics manufacturing of complex oral prostheses. The research included artificial intelligence design technology for complex oral prostheses, 3D printing systems for oral medicine, biomimetic laminated zirconia materials and innovative application of digital prosthetics in clinical practice. The research from 2001 to 2007 was completed under the guidance of Prof. Peijun Lv and Prof. Yong Wang. Under the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Science and Technology Support Program, National High-Tech R & D Program (863 Program) and Beijing Training Project for the Leading Talents in S & T, Yuchun Sun's team published over 200 papers in the relevant field, authorized 49 national invention patents and 1 U.S. invention patent and issued 2 national standards. It also developed 8 kinds of core technology products in digital oral prostheses and 3 kinds of clinical diagnosis and treatment programs, which significantly improved the design efficiency of complex oral prostheses, the fabrication accuracy of metal prostheses and the bionic performance of ceramic materials. Compared with similar international technologies, the program doubled the efficiency of bionic design and manufacturing accuracy and reduced the difficulty of diagnosis and cost of treatment and application by 50%, with the key indicators of those products reaching the international leading level. This program not only helped to realize precision, intelligence and efficiency during prostheses but also provided functional and aesthetic matches for patients after prostheses. The program was rewarded with the First Technical Innovation Prize of the Beijing Science and Technology Awards (2020), Gold Medal of Medical Research Group in the First Medical Science and Technology Innovation Competition of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (2020) and Best Creative Award in the First Translational Medical Innovation Competition of Capital (2017). This paper is a review of the current situation of artificial intelligence design and precision bionics manufacturing of complex oral prosthesis.

[Effect of porous zirconia ceramics on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of porous surface morphology of zirconia on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. METHODS: According to different manufacturing and pore-forming methods, the zirconia specimens were divided into 4 groups, including milled sintering group (M-Ctrl), milled porous group (M-Porous), 3D printed sintering group (3D-Ctrl) and 3D printed porous group (3D-Porous). The surface micromorphology, surface roughness, contact angle and surface elements of specimens in each group were detected by scanning electron microscope (SEM), 3D laser microscope, contact angle measuring device and energy-dispersion X-ray analysis, respectively. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on 4 groups of zirconia discs. The cell morphology of MC3T3-E1 cells on zirconia discs was eva-luated on 1 and 7 days by SEM. The cell proliferation was detected on 1, 3 and 5 days by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). After osteogenic induction for 14 days, the relative mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type Ⅰ collagen (Colla1), Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) and osteocalcin (OCN) in MC3T3-E1 cells were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The pore size [(419.72±6.99) µm] and pore depth [(560.38±8.55) µm] of 3D-Porous group were significantly larger than the pore size [(300.55±155.65) µm] and pore depth [(69.97±31.38) µm] of M-Porous group (P < 0.05). The surface of 3D-Porous group appeared with more regular round pores than that of M-Porous group. The contact angles of all the groups were less than 90°. The contact angles of 3D-Ctrl (73.83°±5.34°) and M-Porous group (72.7°±2.72°) were the largest, with no significant difference between them (P>0.05). Cells adhered inside the pores in M-Porous and 3D-Porous groups, and the proliferation activities of them were significantly higher than those of M-Ctrl and 3D-Ctrl groups after 3 and 5 days' culture (P < 0.05). After 14 days' incubation, ALP, Colla1, Runx2 and OCN mRNA expression in 3D-Porous groups were significantly lower than those of M-Ctrl and 3D-Ctrl groups (P < 0.05). Colla1, Runx2 and OCN mRNA expressions in M-Porous group were higher than those of 3D-Porous group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The porous surface morphology of zirconia can promote the proliferation and adhesion but inhibit the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.

[Finite element analyses of retention of removable partial denture circumferential clasps manufactured by selective laser melting].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the retentions of different designs of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr), pure titanium (CP Ti), and titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) removable partial denture (RPD) circumferential clasps manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) and to analyze the stress distribution of these clasps during the removal from abutment teeth. METHODS: Clasps with clasp arm size A (1.9 mm width/1.1 mm thickness at the body and 0.8-taper) or B (1.2 times A) and 0.25 mm or 0.50 mm undercut engagement were modeled on a prepared first premolar die, named as designs A1, A2, A3, and A4, respectively. The density and elastic modulus of SLM-built Co-Cr, CP Ti, and Ti-6Al-4V were measured and given to different groups of clasps. The density, elastic modulus, and Poisson ' s ratio of enamel were given to the die. The control group was the cast Co-Cr clasp with design A1, to which the density and elastic modulus of cast Co-Cr alloy were given. The Poisson's ratio of all metals was 0.33. The initial 5 N dislodging force was applied, and the maximum displacement of the clasp along the insertion path was computed. The load was reapplied with an increment of 5 N than in the last simulation until the clasp was completely dislodged. The retentive force range of different groups of clasps was obtained. The retentive forces of the SLM-built Co-Cr, CP Ti, and Ti-6Al-4V clasps with equivalent computed retentive force range to the control group were validated through the insertion/removal experiment. The von Mises stress distributions of these three groups of SLM-built clasps under 15 N loads were analyzed. RESULTS: SLM-built Co-Cr, CP Ti, and Ti-6Al-4V clasps with designs B1 or B2, and Co-Cr clasps with design A2 had higher retentive forces than those of the control group. SLM-built CP Ti and Ti-6Al-4V clasps with design A1 had lower retentive forces than those of the control group. SLM-built Co-Cr clasp with design A1 and SLM-built CP Ti and Ti-6Al-4V clasps with design A2 had equivalent retentive forces to those of the control group. The insertion/removal experiment showed that the measured retentive forces of these three groups of SLM-built clasps were (21.57±5.41) N, (19.75±4.47) N, and (19.32±2.04) N, respectively. No statistically significant measured retentive force difference was found among these three groups of SLM-built clasps (P>0.05). The maximum von Mises stress of these three groups of SLM-built clasps exceeded their responding yield strength except for the Ti-6Al-4V one. CONCLUSION: SLM-built Co-Cr circumferential clasps had higher retention than CP Ti and Ti-6Al-4V ones with the same clasp arm size and undercut engagement. The retention of SLM-built circumferential clasps could be adjusted by changing the undercut engagement and clasp arm size. If SLM-built circumferential clasps are used in clinical practice, the Ti-6Al-4V clasp with clasp arm size A and 0.50 mm undercut engagement is recommended considering the long-term use of RPD in the patient's mouth.

[Accuracy analysis of full-arch implant digital impressions when using a geometric feature].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of adding a geometric feature on the accuracy of digital impressions obtained by intraoral scanners for implant restoration of edentulous jaw quantitatively. Methods: A dentiform model of the maxilla of completely edentulous arch with 6 implant analogs+scan bodies (No. 1-6) was selected as the reference model. Without geometric feature, the dentiform model was scanned by dental model scanner and repeated for 5 times as true value group. Before and after adding the geometric feature, the same operator used intraoral scanner A (Trios 3) and B (Aoralscan 2) to scan the dentiform model with the same scanning path. Each type of intraoral scanner scanned 10 times and ".stl " datas were obtained. The results were imported into reverse engineering software (Geomagic Studio 2015). The linear distances of center point of upper plane between sacn body 1 to 6 was calculated, denoted as D12, D13, D14, D15 and D16. Trueness was the absolute value subtracted from the measured value of the intraoral scanner groups and true value; precision was the absolute value of pairwise subtraction of the measured values in the intraoral scanner groups.The smaller the value, the better the accuracy or precision.With or without the feature, all scan data were statistically analyzed, and the effect of adding geometric feature on the trueness and precision of the two intraoral scanners were evaluated. Results: As for intraoral scanner A, with the feature in place, significant differences were found in D14, D15, D16 for tureness(t=2.66, 2.75, 2.95, P<0.05); the trueness for D16 decreased from (101.9±47.1) µm to (49.6±30.3) µm. On the other hand, with features on the edentulous area, the precision was significantly increased in D15 and D16 (U=378.00, 672.00, P<0.05); the precision for D15 decreased from 40.8 (45.1) µm to 13.1 (17.0) µm. As for intraoral scanner B, the trueness of D12, D13 and D14 after adding geometric features was significantly better than before (t=3.02, 2.66, U=22.00, P<0.05). With feature on the edentulous area, the trueness for D13 decreased from (116.6±41.2) µm to (70.8±35.5) µm. There was no statistical significance in the trueness of D15 and D16 with or without geometric feature (P>0.05), however, the precision of D15 and D16 after adding geometric feature was significantly better than before (U=702.00, 489.00,P<0.05). The precision of D16 decreased from 112.5 (124.7) µm to 35.9 (85.8) µm. Conclusions: The use of geometric feature in edentulous space improves the trueness and precision of the different principle intraoral scanners tested.

[Application and research progress of digital virtual simulated design in dental esthetic rehabilitation].

In dental esthetic rehabilitation, patients pay great attention to the rehabilitative esthetic effect before teeth preparation, and this is also an important content of doctor-patient communication. Along with the development and combined application of intraoral scan, three-dimensional (3D) face scan, digital design, numerical control machining and 3D printing technology, digital technology is gradually applied to the virtual simulated design before irreversible operation in dental esthetic rehabilitation. Digital technology can be used in dentistry to simulate the esthetic outcome in advance, to assist communication among the dentists, patients and dental technicians, and to realize satisfactory outcome in the final restorations precisely, which, as a result, increases the clinical satisfaction. This review focuses on the application of digital virtual simulated design technology in dental esthetic rehabilitation, analyzes the current research development, deficiency and future prospects, so as to provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

[Identification of serum peptide biomarker for ovarian cancer diagnosis by Clin-TOF-II-MS combined with magnetic beads technology].

Objective: To explore the serum cyclic polypeptide biomarkers for ovarian cancer diagnosis. Methods: A total of 54 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer confirmed by pathology in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from March 2018 to September 2018 were selected as the study subjects, and 40 healthy women with normal examination results in the cancer screening center were selected as the control. All of the samples were randomly divided into training set and validation set at the ratio of 1∶1 with a random number. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) combined with magnetic bead technology was used for detecting peptide profiling in serum samples to screen significantly differently expressed peptides between ovarian cancer group and control group of the training set (score>5). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to screen differential peptide peaks with area under curve (AUC) ≥0.8, sensitivity and specificity>90% in the training set and validation set. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was further used to determine the composition of differentially expressed peptides. Results: By comparing the peptide profiles of the two groups, 102 differential peptide peaks were initially detected in the mass-to-charge ratio range of 1 000 to 10 000. ROC curve analysis showed that there were 42 differential peptide peaks with AUC ≥0.8 in both training set and validation set, 19 of which were highly expressed in ovarian cancer group, and 23 were lowly expressed. There were 15 different peptide peaks in highly expressed ovarian cancer group with sensitivity and specificity over 90%. The mass-to-charge ratios were 7 744.27, 5 913.41, 5 329.87, 4 634.21, 4 202.02, 3 879.26, 3 273.35, 3 253.79, 3 234.34, 2 950.33, 2 664.51, 2 018.38, 1 893.37, 1 498.69 and 1 287.55. There were 15 different peptide peaks in lowly expressed ovarian cancer group with sensitivity and specificity over 90%, the mass-to-charge ratios were 9 288.46, 7 759.77, 5 925.24, 4 652.77, 4 210.42, 3 887.02, 3 279.90, 3 240.82, 2 962.15, 2 932.70, 2 022.42, 1 897.16, 1 501.69, 1 337.38 and 1 290.13. No protein composition was identified in 15 different peptide peaks in lowly expressed ovarian cancer group. The two protein compositions identified in 15 different peptide peaks in highly expressed ovarian cancer group were recombinant serglycin (SRGN) and fibinogen alpha chain (FGA), the mass-to-charge ratios of which were 1 498.696 and 5 913.417, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the two proteins for ovarian cancer diagnosis were 100%, 100% and 90.9%, 100%, respectively. Conclusion: SRGN and FGA are highly expressed in the serum of ovarian cancer patients, which may be potential diagnostic markers for ovarian cancer.

[Quantitative study of intraoral scanners' accuracy].

Objective: To establish a standard method to evaluate the scanning accuracy of intraoral scanner (IOS) and to investigate six IOS's scanning accuracy and the relationship between different scan span. Methods: Five simplified six abutments full arch model were fabricated by high accuracy (5 µm) milling machine with 7075 aluminum alloy. The machining accuracy, which was verified by a coordinate measuring machine with higher accuracy (0.7 µm), was considered as the reference accuracy. The model with the highest machining accuracy was considered as the test model in IOS's scanning accuracy test, and computer-aided design (CAD) data of the model was used as the reference data. Six IOS scanned the test model 10 times with the same scanning path, obtained 60 test data. CAD data and test data were input into Geomagic Studio 2014. The preparation part above the margin of the abutments of the data was isolated and divided into 4 segments of interest: single crown, three-unit bridge, five-unit bridge, and full arch. The test data were then best-fit aligned to CAD data or each other followed by deviation analysis. Scanning trueness and precision were then calculated. Results: The mid-value of scanning trueness and precision of six IOS in single crown, three-unit bridge, five-unit bridge and full arch were 13.3-29.6 µm and 7.6-20.7 µm, 15.4-30.9 µm and 8.7-26.5 µm, 17.0-66.1 µm and 11.3-44.2 µm, 24.0-107.9 µm and 24.6-150.1 µm respectively. Conclusions: Long-span scanning can affect the accuracy of IOS to a varying extent.

[Application and outlook of robotics in prosthetic dentistry].

At present, robotic system has been applied in many aspects of the field of prosthetic dentistry, such as tooth preparation, oral implant surgery, full denture arrangement, prosthodontic material testing and robotic education of prosthodontics. The advantages of prosthodontic robotics lie in their ability to perform quantitative and precise operations whilerepeating the work flow indefinitely, which assist dentists to complete heavy and complicated daily treatment. In the research and development of prosthodontic robotics, the limitation of oral operation space should be fully considered, and robotics should have high safety and flexibility. The review briefly summarizes the application and existing problems of robotics in prosthodontics, and provides references for further development and design.

[Research and application progress of mechanical measures for oral plaque control].

Effective removal of dental plaque is a key measure to prevent and control common oral diseases and to maintain the long-term effect of dental prostheses. The methods of oral plaque control are mainly depending on mechanical measures, including regular toothbrushing, interdental cleaning and oral irrigation. Toothbrushing is the most common and effective method for mechanical removal of dental plaque.How ever the effect of toothbrushing alone to remove dental plaque is limited. It is necessary to control the interdental plaque using tools such as dental floss and interdental brushes. Oral irrigation is an assistant method to improve oral hygiene. Toothbrushing combined with the use of oral irrigator can significantly improve the removal rate of dental plaque. The present article reviews the research progress of the mechanical plaque control methods and their application results.

[Quantitative evaluation of printing accuracy of multi-color and multi-hardness three-dimensional printing dental model with photopolymer jetting].

Objective: To quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of multi-color and multi-hardness dental models printed by using the photopolymer jetting (PJ) technology, and to provide protocol for the clinical application. Methods: A maxillary partially edentulous (Kennedy class Ⅱ subclass 1) standard digital model obtained through scanning and processing was selected as reference data. Five monochromatic DLP (digital light processing) models with single hardness were printed by printer DLP-800d based on DLP technology (DLP group), and five multi-color and multi-hardness PJ models were printed by printer J300Plus based on PJ technology (PJ group). Scan the printed model and register the scanning data to the reference data in Geomagic Studio 2013 software. The three-dimensional (3D) deviations of the whole and each area, including residual dentition, abutments adjacent to the edentulous area, gingiva, gingiva in the distal-extended edentulous area, gingiva in other edentulous areas, gingiva supporting the removable partial denture (RPD), were calculated and represented by the root mean square error (RMS) value. The smaller the RMS value was, the higher the trueness of printing was. The scanning data of the five models in the same group were registered in pairs to calculate the 3D deviation. The smaller the RMS value was, the higher the precision of printing was. The threshold of clinical acceptability was 200 µm. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the difference of trueness and precision between the two groups. Results: The overall trueness of the DLP group [57.70 (2.10) µm] was significantly better than that of the PJ group [71.00 (7.70) µm]. The overall precision of the DLP group [15.20 (5.05) µm] was significantly better than that of the PJ group [37.55 (15.55) µm]. The overall trueness and precision of both groups were within the clinically acceptable range. Conclusions: The domestic PJ printer used in this study can print multi-color and multi-hardness dental models with good trueness and precision, which can provide integrated 3D printing technology support for realizing the simulation of regional hardness differentiation between soft and hard tissues of dental models.