Association of composite dietary antioxidant index with depression and all-cause mortality in middle-aged and elderly population.

Current research has shown an increasing acceptance of interventions for depression through dietary modifications. However, whether composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) is associated with depression and all-cause mortality in middle-aged and elderly population remains unknown. This study aimed to explore those associations in American middle-aged and elderly population. Weighted logistic regression models and weighted Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess the association of CDAI, covariates, depression, and all-cause mortality, respectively. The stability of the results was also determined by a linear trend test based on CDAI quintiles. Restricted cubic spline curves were employed to test for non-linear relationships. In the model adjusted for all covariates, significant associations were found with the ORs (95% CI) for CDAI and depression [0.77 (0.67, 0.89)] and the HRs (95% CI) for CDAI with all-cause mortality[0.91 (0.83, 1.00)]. Upon conducting restricted cubic spline curves, we found that the association between CDAI and depression was linear, whereas the association between CDAI and all-cause mortality was non-linear with an inflection point of -0.19. Statistical significance was only found before the inflection point. In this study of middle-aged and elderly Americans, CDAI was linearly negatively associated with depression and non-linearly negatively associated with all-cause mortality.

Age and sex differences in the association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and severe headache or migraine: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Migraine and severe headaches are extremely prevalent neurological disorders that plague humans and society. Prior research has revealed that DII may affect the occurrence of migraines, but there are too few relevant studies and more are required. This study aimed to determine the association between severe headache or migraine and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), with particular attention to age and gender differences. METHODS: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we performed a cross-sectional study. In addition, we investigated the association between DII and severe headache or migraine using weighted multivariate logistic regression models, and restricted cubic splines models were plotted to explore their linear correlation. RESULTS: There were a total of 13,439 people participating in the study, and of those, 2745 experienced a severe headache or migraine within the previous three months. The DII was linearly and positively correlated with severe headache or migraine (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-1.08, p = 0.0051). Stratified analysis showed that this relationship persisted among women and those aged < 60 years, with ORs of 1.08 (95% CI = 1.04-1.13, p = 0.0004) and 1.05 (95% CI = 1.01-1.09, p = 0.0071), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We found that greater levels of DII were significantly related to an increased likelihood of migraine onset, especially among women and young and middle-aged populations. Further research is required to validate and expand upon our results.

Association Between Copper Intake and Migraine: a National Cross-sectional Study.

Migraine is a common clinical neurological disorder that adversely affects humans and society. The relationship between copper intake and migraine has been less studied and controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between copper intake and migraine and to guide dietary interventions. The data for this study were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 1999 to 2004, involving a total of 12,724 participants. The relationship between copper intake and migraine was examined using weighted multivariate logistic regression models, and smooth-fit curves were plotted to explore the relationship. After non-linear relationships were found, recursive algorithms and two-stage linear regression models were used to calculate inflection points. Stratified analyses were also performed to explore population differences. In the model corrected for all covariates, the OR (95% CI) of copper intake with migraine was 1.19 (0.97, 1.46), which was not statistically significant. However, the results of the linear trend test suggested that their relationship might be non-linear. Smooth-fit curves confirmed the non-linear relationship between copper intake and migraine, and an inflection point (0.98 mg/day) was identified. There was no statistical significance before the inflection point, but after the inflection point, copper intake was positively associated with migraine attacks. Stratified analyses showed that this non-linear relationship persisted in females, people under 45 years old, and people with BMI less than 30. In this large cross-sectional study, we found a non-linear correlation between copper intake and migraine.

Relationship between composite dietary antioxidant index and depression among overweight and obese adults.

BACKGROUND: The use of specific dietary patterns to alleviate depressive symptoms has gained increasing recognition. The Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) is a crucial criterion for assessing antioxidant diets. We examined the relationship between CDAI and depression among overweight and obese adults through a cross-sectional study conducted in the United States. METHODS: We used weighted multivariate logistic regression models with subgroup analysis to study the relationship between CDAI and depression. Generalized additive models were used to determine whether there was a nonlinear association between them. We developed a two-piece linear regression model to calculate the inflection point utilizing a recursive strategy. RESULTS: After adjusting for confounding variables, the odds ratios (ORs; 95 % CI) for the correlation between CDAI and depression were 0.75 (0.67, 0.84). A saturation effect emerged for the overweight group, following which we calculated the inflection point for the overweight population, which displayed ORs (95 % CI) of 0.62 (0.47, 0.80) before the inflection point of 0.83 and the ORs (95 % CI) of 1.01 (0.77, 1.31) after 0.83. The interaction was statistically significant in the sex stratification of the obese population. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlighted a negative association between CDAI and depression among overweight and obese adults. Saturation effects and sex differences were observed in the overweight population.

A J-shaped association between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and depression: A cross-sectional study from NHANES 2007-2018.

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence indicates that depression is more common in people who partake in a pro-inflammatory diet. The objective of our study was to assess the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and depression through a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2018. METHODS: We used weighted multivariable logistic regression models with subgroup analysis to explore the relationship between DII and depression. Generalized additive models were used to test whether there was a nonlinear association. Then, we constructed a two-piece linear regression model and performed a recursive algorithm to calculate the inflection point. RESULTS: The study enrolled a total of 30,627 individuals from the United States. In the regression model with full confounding variables adjusted, the OR (95 % CI) for the association between DII and depression was 1.05 (1.04, 1.06). A J-shaped association was found between DII and depression, with a turning point of 2.74. After the turning point, the OR (95 % CI) was 1.60 (1.51, 1.69). Only the interaction in the cardiovascular disease (CVD) analysis was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Our study highlighted a J-shaped association between DII and depression in a nationally representative sample of adults from the United States.

Advances in the study of axon-associated vesicles.

The central nervous system is the most important and difficult to study system in the human body and is known for its complex functions, components, and mechanisms. Neurons are the basic cellular units realizing neural functions. In neurons, vesicles are one of the critical pathways for intracellular material transport, linking information exchanges inside and outside cells. The axon is a vital part of neuron since electrical and molecular signals must be conducted through axons. Here, we describe and explore the formation, trafficking, and sorting of cellular vesicles within axons, as well as related-diseases and practical implications. Furthermore, with deepening of understanding and the development of new approaches, accumulating evidence proves that besides signal transmission between synapses, the material exchange and vesicular transmission between axons and extracellular environment are involved in physiological processes, and consequently to neural pathology. Recent studies have also paid attention to axonal vesicles and their physiological roles and pathological effects on axons themselves. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on these two key nodes to explain the role of intracellular vesicles and extracellular vesicles migrated from cells on axons and neurons, providing innovative strategy for future researches.

The Impact of Urbanization on the Relationship between Carbon Storage Supply and Demand in Mega-Urban Agglomerations and Response Measures: A Case of Yangtze River Delta Region, China.

Rapid urbanization in mega-urban agglomerations disturbs the balance of carbon storage supply and demand (CSD) and constrains the achievement of sustainable development goals. Here, we developed a socio-ecological system (SES) framework coupled with ecosystem services (ES) cascade and DPSIR model to systematically analyze the impacts and responses of urbanization affecting CSD. We quantified urbanization and CSD using multi-source remote sensing data, such as land use and night lighting, together with related socio-economic data, such as total energy consumption, population and GDP. We found that from 2000 to 2020, the urbanization of Yangtze River Delta region (YRD) led to a decrease of 2.75% in carbon storage supply and an increase of 226.45% in carbon storage demand. However, carbon storage supply was still larger than carbon storage demand, and the spatial mismatch of CSD is the most important problem at present. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the response measures from the comprehensive perspective of SES. We identified key ecological conservation areas using a Marxan model to protect the carbon storage capacity in ecological subsystems, and promoted a carbon compensation scheme based on both the grandfather principle and the carbon efficiency principle, reconciling the contradiction between ecological conservation and socio-economic development in the social subsystem. Finally, this study quantified the threshold of urbanization based on the carbon neutrality target at which CSD reaches an equilibrium state. This study proposed a SES framework, and a set of methodologies to quantify the relationship between urbanization and CSD, which will help mega-urban agglomerations to promote harmonious development of urbanization and ecological conservation and to achieve the carbon peak and carbon neutrality targets proposed by the Chinese government.

Non-linear association between composite dietary antioxidant index and depression.

Background: Growing evidence has shown that the antioxidant diet is a protective factor against depression. However, the relationship between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI), an important measure of antioxidant diet, and depression has received little attention. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between CDAI and depression through a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018. Methods: The association between CDAI and depression was investigated using a weighted multiple logistic regression model with subgroup analysis. Non-linear correlations were explored using fitted smoothing curves. And we used a recursive method to figure out the turning point and build a weighted two-piece linear regression model. Results: In the multivariate logistic regression model with full adjustment for confounding variables, the ORs (95% CI) for the association between CDAI and depression were 0.83 (0.78, 0.88). Moreover, a non-linear association was found, with 0.16 being the inflection point. Before the inflection point, each unit increase in CDAI was associated with a 30% decrease in the risk of depression. After the inflection point, the risk of depression was found to be reduced by 11% for each unit increase. None of the interactions in all subgroup analyses were statistically significant. Conclusions: Our study highlighted a negative non-linear association between CDAI and depression in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Further clinical and basic research is needed to explore their association better.

Mechanisms of Ferroptosis and Emerging Links to the Pathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a diverse class of diseases attributed to chronic progressive neuronal degeneration and synaptic loss in the brain and/or spinal cord, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. The pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is complex and diverse, often involving mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and epigenetic changes. However, the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases has not been fully elucidated. Recently, accumulating evidence revealed that ferroptosis, a newly discovered iron-dependent and lipid peroxidation-driven type of programmed cell death, provides another explanation for the occurrence and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we provide an overview of the process and regulation mechanisms of ferroptosis, and summarize current research progresses that support the contribution of ferroptosis to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the emerging roles of ferroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases will shed light on the development of novel therapeutic technologies and strategies for slowing down the progression of these diseases.

Circulating Carnitine Levels and Breast Cancer: A Matched Retrospective Case-Control Study.

Introduction: Epidemiological studies investigating the association between carnitine and breast cancer are scarce. Materials and Methods: This 1:1 age-matched retrospective case-control study identified 991 female breast cancer cases and 991 female controls without breast cancer using pathological testing. We used targeted metabolomics technology to measure 16 types of whole blood carnitine compounds, such as free carnitine (C0) and octadecanoylcarnitine (C18). Results: The average age for cases and controls was approximately 50 ± 8.7 years. After adjusting for covariates, each standard deviation (SD) increase in malonylcarnitine (C3DC; OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.83-1.00), decenoylcarnitine (C10:1; OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.79-0.96), and decadienoylcarnitine (C10:2; OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.82-0.99) level was associated with decreased odds of breast cancer. However, higher butyrylcarnitine (C4) levels were associated with increased odds of breast cancer (OR 1.12; 95% CI 1.02-1.23). No statistically significant relationship was noted between other carnitine compounds and breast cancer. The false discovery rates for C3DC, C4, C10:1 and C10:2 were 0.172, 0.120, 0.064 and 0.139, respectively. Conclusions: Higher levels of C3DC, C10:1, and C10:2 were protective factors for breast cancer, whereas increased C4 levels were a risk factor for the disease.

Exosomes Mediate APP Dysregulation via APP-miR-185-5p Axis.

APP misexpression plays a crucial role in triggering a complex pathological cascade, leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD). But how the expression of APP is regulated in pathological conditions remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that the exosomes isolated from AD mouse brain promoted APP expression in neuronal N2a cells. Moreover, exosomes derived from N2a cells with ectopic expression of APP (APP-EXO) also induced APP dysregulation in normal N2a cells. Surprisingly, the effects of APP-EXO on APP expression in recipient cells were not mediated by the direct transferring of APP gene products. Instead, the effects of APP-EXO were highly likely mediated by the reduction of the expression levels of exosomal miR-185-5p. We found that the 3'UTR of APP transcripts binds to miR-185-5p, therefore inhibiting the sorting of miR-185-5p to exosomes. N2a cell-derived exosomes with less amount of miR-185-5p exert similar roles in APP expression to APP-EXO. Lastly, we demonstrated a significant decline of serum exosomal miR-185-5p in AD patients and AD mice, versus the corresponding controls. Together, our results demonstrate a novel mechanism in the exosome-dependent regulation of APP, implying exosomes and exosomal miRNAs as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for AD treatment and diagnosis, respectively.

Propofol Inhibits Microglial Activation via miR-106b/Pi3k/Akt Axis.

Propofol is an established intravenous anesthetic agent with potential neuroprotective effects. In this study, we investigated the roles and the underlying mechanisms of propofol in inhibiting the pro-inflammatory responses of microglia. Propofol significantly reduced the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of Tnf, Nos2, and NF-κB pathway related genes Ticam1, Myd88, Irf3, and Nfkb1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated primary microglia. After screening the miRNA profiles in microglia under LPS and propofol treatment conditions, we found propofol abrogated the LPS-induced misexpression of miRNAs including miR-106b, miR-124, miR-185, and miR-9. Perturbation of function approaches suggested miR-106b as the core miRNA that mediated the anti-inflammatory effects of propofol on microglial activation. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis further identified Pi3k/Akt signaling as one of the most affected pathways after miR-106b perturbation of function. The treatment of Pi3k/Akt signaling agonist 740Y-P elevated miR-106b-reduced Akt phosphorylation and abolished the inhibitory effects of miR-106b on the pro-inflammatory responses of microglia. Our results suggest propofol inhibits microglial activation via miR-106b/Pi3k/Akt axis, shedding light on a novel molecular mechanism of propofol-mediated immunomodulatory effects and implying propofol as potential therapeutics for treating neuroinflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases.

A mechanically strong and tough anion exchange membrane engineered with non-covalent modalities.

A mechanically robust and tough anion exchange membrane was constructed using the strategy of supramolecular modalities. After introducing a secondary amide as a hydrogen-bonding crosslinking motif into the side chain of the PPO backbone, the membrane exhibits high mechanical strength and excellent flexibility (101% elongation at break), as well as suppressed water uptake, enhanced thermal stability and good fuel cell performances.

[CT measurement and clinical application of double-row suture anchor reconstruction for the treatment of Tossy type III acromioclavicular joint dislocation].

OBJECTIVE: To study feasibility and reliability of reconstruction of the acromioclavicular ligament with double-row suture anchor for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation through coracoid coronal CT measurement, and to provide a new operation method for treating acromioclavicular joint dislocation. METHODS: Total 60 healthy people received CT examination of shoulder joint, including 30 males and 30 females, ranging in age from 18 to 50 years old. The coronal width, thickness and 20 degree camber angle in the medial part of the toot of coronal were measured using CT scan. The results were applied to clinical treatment for 12 patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocation of Tossy III type. RESULTS: The width in the medial part of the root of the coracoid was(17.65±1.82) mm(left side) and (17.67±1.80) mm(right side) in males; (16.55±1.78) mm(left side) and (16.52±1.74) mm (right side) in females. The vertical thickness of the roots of the coracoid: (13.11±2.11) mm(left side) and (13.16±2.09) mm(right side) in males;(12.79±2.21) mm(left side) and (12.76±2.19) mm (right side) in females. The thickness of 20 degrees camber angle of the coracoid roots: (16.32±1.74) mm (left side) and (16.30±1.69) mm(right side) in males; (15.68±1.44) mm(left side) and (15.67±1.43) mm(right side) in females. Total 12 patients were treated with anchor nail with extraversion 20 degrees. The postoperative X-ray films showed bone anchors were located in the coracoid process, no bone splitting. CONCLUSIONS: Double-row suture anchor of 5 mm diameter nails can be placed into coracoid with extraversion 20 degrees, which is safety.

Damping in yttrium iron garnet nanoscale films capped by platinum.

Strong damping enhancement in nm-thick yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films due to Pt capping layers was observed. This damping is substantially larger than the expected damping due to conventional spin pumping, is accompanied by a shift in the ferromagnetic resonance field, and can be suppressed by the use of a Cu spacer in between the YIG and Pt films. The data indicate that such damping may originate from the ferromagnetic ordering in Pt atomic layers near the YIG/Pt interface and the dynamic exchange coupling between the ordered Pt spins and the spins in the YIG film.

Control of ferromagnetic relaxation in magnetic thin films through thermally induced interfacial spin transfer.

Relaxation control in magnetic thin films via thermally induced interfacial spin transfers was demonstrated for the first time. The experiments used a trilayered structure that consisted of an yttrium iron garnet (YIG) thin film grown on a gadolinium gallium garnet substrate and capped with a nanometer-thick Pt layer. As a temperature gradient is applied across the thickness of the structure, there exists a spin angular momentum transfer across the YIG/Pt interface. This spin transfer results in a torque on YIG magnetic moments. The torque can either speed up or slow down the relaxation in the YIG film, depending on the sign of the temperature gradient with respect to the trilayered structure.

Control of spin waves in a thin film ferromagnetic insulator through interfacial spin scattering.

Control of spin waves in a ferrite thin film via interfacial spin scattering was demonstrated. The experiments used a 4.6 µm-thick yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film strip with a 20-nm thick Pt capping layer. A dc current pulse was applied to the Pt layer and produced a spin current across the Pt thickness. As the spin current scatters off the YIG surface, it can either amplify or attenuate spin-wave pulses that travel in the YIG strip, depending on the current or field configuration. The spin scattering also affects the saturation behavior of high-power spin waves.

Spin pumping at the magnetic insulator (YIG)/normal metal (Au) interfaces.

Spin injection across the ferrimagnetic insulator (YIG)/normal metal (Au) interface was studied by ferromagnetic resonance. The spin mixing conductance was determined by comparing the Gilbert damping in bare YIG films with those covered by a Au/Fe/Au structure. The Fe layer in Au/Fe/Au acted as a spin sink as displayed by an increased Gilbert damping parameter α compared to that in the bare YIG. In particular, for the 9.0 nm YIG/2.0 nm Au/4.3 nm Fe/6.1 nm Au structure, the YIG and Fe films were coupled by an interlayer exchange coupling, and the exchange coupled YIG exhibited an increased Gilbert damping compared to the bare YIG. This relationship between static and dynamic coupling provides direct evidence for spin pumping. The transfer of spin momentum across the YIG interface is surprisingly efficient with the spin mixing conductance g(↑↓) ≃ 1.2 × 10(14) cm(-2).