[Effects of Rutin on Myocardial Enzyme and Cardiac Morphology in Diabetic Mice].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of rutin on myocardial enzyme in serum and myocardial morphology in diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin (STZ). METHODS: A model of type 1 diabetic mice was established in 48 male kunming mice with daily intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) 62.5 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days. 12 male Kunming mice were selected as normal group randomly. The established successfully diabetic mice were randomly divided into the model group, irbesartan group [45 mg/ (kg?d)], low-, high-dose rutin groups [50, 100 mg/ (kg?d)]. The mice in the normal and the model groups were given sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution (CMC-Na, 1 g/L) by intragastric administration respectively. After administration for 8 weeks, the levels of creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB), hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum were detected by blood biochemical analyzer. The cardiac myocardial morphology was observed by HE staining, Masson trichrome staining and electron microscope. RESULTS: Compare to the normal group, the levels of the myocardial enzyme in serum evidently increased in the model group (P<0.01); Compare to the model group, the levels of the myocardial enzyme in serum decreased in low-, high-dose rutin groups; The levels of HBDH and LDH declined remarkably in the high-dose rutin group relative to the low-dose group (P<0.05); Compared to the high-dose group, the level of LDH increased in the irbesartan group (P<0.05).Moreover, relative to the model group, the morphology of myocardial tissue, the degree of fibrosis and the ultrastructure of myocardial tissue in mice were significantly improved in low-, high-dose rutin groups, and the effects were more significant in the high-dose rutin group. CONCLUSION: Rutin could decrease the levels of myocardial enzyme in serum in diabetic mice, improve the cardiac cell morphology and alleviate myocardial injury.

The Metabonomic Studies of Tongue Coating in H. pylori Positive Chronic Gastritis Patients.

In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), tongue diagnosis (TD) has been an important diagnostic method for the last 3000 years. Tongue coating can be used as a very sensitive marker to determine the progress of chronic gastritis. Therefore, the scientific, qualitative, and quantitative study for the pathophysiologic basis of tongue coating (TC) emerged as a major direction for the objective research of TD. In our current report, we used GC/MS technology to determine the potential changes of metabolites and identify special metabolic biomarkers in the TC of H. pylori infected chronic gastritis patients. Four discriminative metabolites were identified by GC/MS between the TC of H. pylori infection (G + H) and without H. pylori infection (G - H) patients: ethylene, cephaloridine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and 5-pyroglutamic acid, indicating that changes in amino acid metabolism are possibly involved in the formation of TC, and the amino acid metabolites are part of the material components of TC in G + H patients.

Pulse signal analysis of patients with coronary heart diseases using Hilbert-Huang transformation and time-domain method.

OBJECTIVE: To explore characteristic of pulse signal to distinguish patients with coronary heart diseases (CHD) from patients without CHD and healthy adults, and accordingly evaluate the potential role of pulse signal to diagnosis CHD. METHODS: Totally 407 patients enrolled from 4 collaborating medical centers were assigned to a CHD group (205 patients) and a non-CHD group (202 patients). The healthy control group (62 adults) enrolled from Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Pulse signals were collected using the synchronous multiplex pulse signal acquisition system. The pulse signals were analyzed and extracted using Hilbert-Huang transformation (HHT) and time-domain, respectively. The time-domain parameters of pulse signal were processed by the analysis of variance (SNK test). RESULTS: Special patterns in the CHD group pulse signal were found in this study: (1) time-domain parameters of pulse signal, h1, h3, h4, h3/h1, ts, t4/t were increased and w was wider; (2) 44% of C2 waves in HHT were chaotic and disordered and 72% of C waves were exhibited irregularly with average amplitude over 10 g-forces, which were all significantly different from controls. CONCLUSION: Characteristic wave and time-domain parameters of pulse signal were extracted using HHT and time-domain which could be served as a non-invasive approach for assessing patients with CHD.

Metabolic markers and microecological characteristics of tongue coating in patients with chronic gastritis.

BACKGROUND: In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), tongue diagnosis has been an important diagnostic method for the last 3000 years. Tongue diagnosis is a non-invasive, simple and valuable diagnostic tool. TCM treats the tongue coating on a very sensitive scale that reflects physiological and pathological changes in the organs, especially the spleen and stomach. Tongue coating can diagnose disease severity and determine the TCM syndrome ("Zheng" in Chinese). The biological bases of different tongue coating appearances are still poorly understood and lack systematic investigation at the molecular level. METHODS: Tongue coating samples were collected from 70 chronic gastritis patients and 20 normal controls. 16S rRNA denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (16S rRNA-DGGE) and liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were designed to profile tongue coatings. The statistical techniques used were principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminate analysis. RESULTS: Ten potential metabolites or markers were found in chronic gastritis patients, including UDP-D-galactose, 3-ketolactose, and vitamin D2, based on LC-MS. Eight significantly different strips were observed in samples from chronic gastritis patients based on 16S rRNA-DGGE. Two strips, Strips 8 and 10, were selected for gene sequencing. Strip 10 sequencing showed a 100% similarity to Rothia mucilaginosa. Strip 8 sequencing showed a 96.2% similarity to Moraxella catarrhalis. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in glucose metabolism could possibly form the basis of tongue coating conformation in chronic gastritis patients. The study revealed important connections between metabolic components, microecological components and tongue coating in chronic gastritis patients. Compared with other diagnostic regimens, such as blood tests or tissue biopsies, tongue coating is more amenable to, and more convenient for, both patients and doctors.

[Metabolite changes in the greasy tongue coating of patients with chronic gastritis].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes in metabolites in the greasy tongue coating in patients with chronic gastritis. METHODS: Forty chronic gastritis patients presenting with greasy tongue coating, 30 chronic gastritis patients presenting with non-greasy tongue coating, and 20 healthy control persons presenting with light red tongues and thin white coating were enrolled, and the tongue coating was detected by combining artificial diagnosis and the Z-BOX Tongue Digital Analyzer's diagnosis. Samples of all the tongue coatings were collected before treatment. The metabolic fingerprinting of the tongue coating samples was obtained using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), and the metabolic components in the tongue coating samples were detected. After this, principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to identify potential metabolic markers. Finally, the components were identified using the Chemspider and HMDB searching. RESULTS: UPLC-MS results were analyzed by OPLS-DA and showed that the metabolites among the three groups were distributed in different regions. The different potential metabolic markers between the patients with or without greasy coating were 3-ketolactose, 2-deoxy-D-ribose, UDP-D-galactose metarhodopsin, ascorbate, picolinate and histidine. The different potential metabolic markers between the greasy coating group and the normal group were 3-ketolactose, UDP-D-galactose, leukotriene A4 and vitamin D(2). CONCLUSION: The metabolites of the greasy coating group, the non-greasy coating group and the normal group show significant differences in energy metabolism, mainly of glucose metabolism. This demonstrated that glucose metabolism may be one of the mechanisms leading to the formation of greasy coating.

[Study on micro-behaviours shock ignition for epoxypropane using spectrum techniques].

The micro-behaviours of shock ignition of epoxypropane were studied by OMA (optical multii channal system) and monochromator techniques. The radicals O, CH2O, C2, CH, CH3O, CO2 and H2O were observed by OMA spectrometer. The delay time and critical condition of shock ignition were determined using three monochromators and gauge. The emergence of intermediate product of O for epoxypropane after shock ignition is always the earliest.

[Determination of reaction products of epoxypropane in the process of deflagration to detonation transition by emission spectroscopy].

After solving problems of the synchronization of the measuring system, the detection of weak light, and the avoidance of false trigger signal, the instantaneous emission spectra of epoxypropane in the process of deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) with the exposure time of 1-16 micros and the resolution of 0.2 nm were measured. The spectra were acquired from side windows of an explosion shock tube 0.1 m in inner diameter and 4.0 m in length. The measuring system is made up of an intensified spectroscopic detector ICCD, a SpectraPro-275 spectrograph, and a digital delay generator DG535. By analyzing the spectra obtained, the reaction products OH, CH, C2, C3, CO, CO2, CHO and CH2O were identified according to their characteristic electronic and vibrational bands, which indicates that these molecules and radicals were produced during the DDT process of epoxypropane. The determination of reaction products can provide experimental basis for analyzing and understanding the microscopic mechanism of DDT process.