Diffuse-Type Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumour Involving Bone Masquerading as Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis.

We presented a case of diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumour (DTSGCT) of foot masquerading as Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Preliminary diagnosis by needle biopsy was difficult due to the major involvement of bones and the overshadowing effect of the accompanying Langerhans cells. The complete curettage specimen with relevant immunohistochemistry and molecular tests made the final diagnosis of DTSGCT possible. The biomolecular mechanism for the masquerading phenomenon was explained by CSF1 overexpression in the neoplastic cells attracting migration and proliferation of CSF1R-positive Langerhans cells.

Endovascular stenting in the management of malignant superior vena cava obstruction: comparing safety, effectiveness, and outcomes between primary stenting and salvage stenting.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety, effectiveness, and outcomes of primary stenting and salvage stenting for malignant superior vena cava obstruction. DESIGN: Case series with internal comparison. SETTING: Regional hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS: A total of 56 patients with malignant superior vena cava obstruction underwent 59 stentings from 1 May 1999 to 31 January 2014. Patients' characteristics, procedural details, and outcomes were retrospectively reviewed. Of the 56 patients, 33 had primary stenting before conventional therapy and 23 had salvage stenting after failure of conventional therapy. Statistical analyses were made by Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Primary lung carcinoma was the most common cause of malignant superior vena cava obstruction (primary stenting, 22 patients; salvage stenting, 16 patients; P=0.768), followed by metastatic lymphadenopathy. Most patients had superior vena cava obstruction only (primary stenting, 16 patients; salvage stenting, 15 patients; P=0.633), followed by additional right brachiocephalic vein involvement. Wallstents (Boston Scientific, Natick [MA], US) were used in all patients. Technical success was achieved in all but two patients, one in each group (P=1.000). Only one stent placement was required in most patients (primary stenting, 28 patients; salvage stenting, 20 patients; P=0.726). Procedure time was comparable in both groups (mean time: primary stenting, 89 minutes; salvage stenting, 84 minutes; P=0.526). Symptomatic relief was achieved in most patients (primary stenting, 32 patients; salvage stenting, 23 patients; P=0.639). In-stent restenosis and bleeding were the commonest complications (primary stenting, 6 and 1 patients, respectively; salvage stenting, 2 and 2 patients, respectively). Nine patients required further treatment for symptom recurrence (primary stenting, 6 patients; salvage stenting, 3 patients; P=0.725). CONCLUSION: Endovascular stenting is safe and effective for relieving malignant superior vena cava obstruction. No statistically significant differences in number of stents, success rates, procedure times, symptom relief rates, complication rates, and re-procedure rates were found between primary stenting and salvage stenting.

Isolated spinal artery aneurysm: a rare culprit of subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Isolated spinal artery aneurysm is a rare lesion which could be accountable for spontaneous spinal subarachnoid haemorrhage. We describe the case of a 74-year-old man presenting with sudden onset of chest pain radiating to the neck and back, with subsequent headache and confusion. Initial computed tomography aortogram revealed incidental finding of subtle acute spinal subarachnoid haemorrhage. A set of computed tomography scans of the brain showed further acute intracranial subarachnoid haemorrhage with posterior predominance, small amount of intraventricular haemorrhage, and absence of intracranial vascular lesions. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a thrombosed intradural spinal aneurysm with surrounding sentinel clot, which was trapped and excised during surgical exploration. High level of clinical alertness is required in order not to miss this rare but detrimental entity. Its relevant aetiopathological features and implications for clinical management are discussed.

Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle: a rare and challenging diagnosis.

Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle is a rare clinical entity, first described in 1910. We report on a newborn baby girl who presented with a painless lump over mid-portion of right clavicle at her routine newborn examination, which was subsequently diagnosed as a congenital pseudarthrosis. Here we explore its pathogenesis, elaborate on its differential diagnoses in paediatric patients, and comment on its distinct radiological features.

Paediatric thyroid carcinoma in disguise: papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting with thyrotoxicosis and diffuse goiter.

Abstract Papillary thyroid carcinoma is rare in children. Its clinical manifestation may deviate from that observed in adult patients. We present a 14-year-old girl with papillary thyroid carcinoma. We then discuss various distinctive sonographic signs that may aid diagnosis, and we discuss differences in clinical features between children and adults [added].