A new autoimmune disease: atopic dermatitis in children

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is mainly considered an allergy, exacerbated by allergic factors. Is there evidence to suggest the existence of autoimmune components in the pathophysiology of the illness? Studies in the literature that dealt with the occurrence of autoimmunity in children with AD were analyzed. We followed the studies published in PubMed for 10 years, from 2001 to 2021. Clinical signs and symptoms were similar to other autoimmune diseases, having periods of remission and relapses. Other correlations between AD and autoimmune diseases have been described, and patients with AD can also present with a wide range of autoimmune comorbidities. Three major factors contribute to the pathogenesis of AD: damage of the skin barrier, disorders of the immune response, and imbalances of the skin microbiome—all based on genetic changes and influenced by environmental factors. Predominant activation of Th 2 cells, with the increase of Th 1, Th 17, and Th 22 subsets, promotes skin inflammation. All this evidence suggests that AD might be classified as an autoimmune disease, not just as an allergic reaction (AU)

Is the evidence of breast feeding protection against coeliac disease real?

Many recent studies discredit breastfeeding protection against coeliac disease. We will try to answer the question: "Is the evidence of breast feeding protection against coeliac disease real?"

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Is the evidence of breast feeding protection against coeliac disease real?

Many recent studies discredit breastfeeding protection against coeliac disease. We will try to answer the question: "Is the evidence of breast feeding protection against coeliac disease real?"

Treatment of Diastolic Heart Failure in Hypertensive Diabetic Patients : between Illusion and Achievements : Review

Hypertension is the most prevalent cardiovascular disease in the world. Because of associated morbidity and mortality; it is in one of the most important public health problems. Hypertension is the most important cause of heart failure with low or preserved ejection fraction. If hypertension develops concomitantly with diabetes mellitus; treatment of the two diseases becomes more complex. It is known that beta-blockers may induce type 2 diabetes; but new generation drugs such as nebivolol do not have this effect.There are many drugs with proven efficacy in lowering blood pressure; but the optimal treatment to prevent progression to heart failure is uncertain. Beta-blockers are a class of drugs with benefits for both hypertension and heart failure. Drugs in this class have different pharmacological properties in terms haemodynamic and cardiovascular effects. Nebivolol is a beta-blocker that causes vasodilatation mediated by nitric oxide release. This medicine lowers blood pressure; prevents endothelial dysfunction and improves coronary flow reserve and diastolic function independent of ventricular geometry changes. The action of nebivolol is superior to classic beta-blockers due to reversibility of subclinical changes in the left ventricle before the onset of heart failure.In the early stages of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction management is not yet established. Therefore it is important to know that in these situations nebivolol has beneficial effects

Arterial hypertension - prevalence of risk factors and morbide associations that increase cardiovascular risk.

Hypertension represents a serious problem in Romania, as there are over 3 million hypertensive people in our country. There is a high incidence of deaths caused by hypertension.WE PERFORMED AN ANALYTICAL PROSPECTIVE STUDY THAT AIMS TO DETERMINE: prevalence of arterial hypertension in a population from Cluj county, distribution on age and gender, arterial hypertension severity, association of hypertension with other cardiovascular risk factors. Our study included 2266 patients, age 14 years old up to over 90 years old, both masculine and feminine gender, known with hypertension and new-diagnosed ones. Each subject was submitted to an interview based on a questionnaire. Diagnosis of arterial hypertension was established according to ESH criteria that consider as hypertension: values over 140/90 mmHg. Out of all subjects submitted to the study 647 (29.74%) were diagnosed with arterial hypertension and, from these, 102 (15.13%) were new-diagnosed patients.We found out a predominance of arterial hypertension at the age of 51-60 and over 60, an increased involvement of feminine sex; an association of hypertension with other major cardiovascular risk factors: obesity, diabetes, dislypidemia.Arterial hypertension represents an important health problem in Romania due to an increased prevalence, major impact on morbidity and mortality by cardiovascular and cerebro-vascular disease. These facts accentuate the necessity of an early diagnosis, of making people aware of the severity of the disease and it's impact on their lifestyle.

Use of the polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent-antibody methods for detecting viable but nonculturable Shigella dysenteriae type 1 in laboratory microcosms.

Epidemiological studies of shigellosis in Bangladesh have demonstrated that surface-water sources can act as foci of infection. Studies of laboratory microcosms have shown that shigellae become nonculturable but remain viable when exposed to environmental samples of water. The present study was carried out to detect viable but nonculturable Shigella dysenteriae 1 from laboratory microcosms by the polymerase chain reaction and the fluorescent-antibody techniques. S. dysenteriae 1 was inoculated into laboratory microcosms consisting of water samples collected from ponds, lakes, rivers, and drains in Bangladesh. The survival of S. dysenteriae in microcosms was assessed by viable counting on MacConkey agar. After 2 to 3 weeks, S. dysenteriae 1 became nonculturable but remained viable. After 6 weeks, this nonculturable but viable S. dysenteriae 1 was detected by both the polymerase chain reaction and the fluorescent-antibody methods. The viable but nonculturable state of S. dysenteriae 1 demonstrated in this study may be important for understanding the epidemiology of shigellosis.