Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis resembling Rasmussen's encephalitis on magnetic resonance imaging.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare, slowly progressing but invariably fatal disease that is related to a prior measles virus infection and most commonly affects paediatric patients. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is the modality of choice for determining such changes in white matter. SSPE typically demonstrates bilateral but asymmetric periventricular and subcortical white matter involvement. We herein report a rare case of unilateral white matter involvement in a 13-year-old boy with SSPE that closely simulated Rasmussen's encephalitis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an atypical presentation on MR imaging in which SSPE was a rare cause of unilateral brain parenchymal involvement in a patient with intractable seizures.

Appendix in Inguinal Hernia-Amyand's Hernia.

Inguinal hernia containing vermiform appendix as its content is termed as Amyand's hernia. Though an unusual condition, however it is important for the radiologists as well as the surgeons to be aware of this entity especially if the herniated appendix is inflamed so as to avoid delay in treatment and decrease the associated morbidity and mortality.

MRI findings in acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy resulting from decompensated chronic liver disease.

Hyperammonemic encephalopathy is a type of metabolic encephalopathy with diversified etiology. Hyperammonemia is the end result of several metabolic disorders such as congenital deficiencies of urea cycle enzymes, hepatic encephalopathy, Reye's syndrome and other toxic encephalopathies. Non-specific clinical presentation poses a great challenge in early diagnosis of this entity. Irrespective of the underlying etiology, hyperammonemia causes a distinctive pattern of brain parenchymal injury. The cingulate gyrus and insular cortex are more vulnerable to this type of toxic insult. Characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings in combination with laboratory parameters can help to differentiate this entity from other metabolic encephalopathy and thus aiding in early diagnosis and treatment.

Congenital distal tibiofibular synostosis.

Congenital distal tibiofibular synostosis is a very rare anomaly. The cases of congenital tibiofibular synostosis reported in the literature so far have been confined to the proximal tibiofibular joint. We present an unusual case of tibiofibular synostosis that involves the distal part of the tibia and fibula based on characteristic X-ray, CT, and MRI findings.

Magnetic resonance imaging findings in adult-form myotonic dystrophy type 1

The adult form of myotonic dystrophy type 1 is a neuromuscular disorder with multisystem involvement, including the central nervous system (CNS). The presenting clinical features of this condition include distal muscle weakness, myotonia, intellectual decline, cataract, frontal baldness and testicular atrophy. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging shows characteristic white matter changes in the CNS. The clinical presentation, characteristic white matter changes in the brain on MR imaging and electromyographic findings aid in the diagnosis of this disorder.

Idiopathic chondrolysis of hip.

An uncommon case of idiopathic chondrolysis of the hip in an 11-year-old girl is reported. It was characterized by clinical presentation, laboratory tests, and imaging techniques. A differential diagnosis is discussed highlighting the radiological features for quick diagnosis.

Magnetic resonance imaging findings in a fatal case of Salmonella typhi-associated encephalopathy: a case report and literature review.

We describe MRI findings in a fatal case of culture proven Salmonella typhi-associated encephalopathy. MRI findings included symmetrical diffuse abnormal signal in centrum semiovale, periventricular and deep white matter, splenium of corpus callosum and cerebellar deep white matter with central area of restricted diffusion. There was no contrast enhancement, significant edema or mass effect. Previous literature is also reviewed for imaging findings in Salmonella associated encephalopathy.

Spondyloarthropathy occurring in long-standing idiopathic hypoparathyroidism.

Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism can rarely present with extensive spondyloarthropathic changes that closely resemble ankylosing spondylitis, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, or fluorosis. Clinical presentation of the patient, typical laboratory parameters, and radiological findings aid in their differential diagnosis. Extensive spondyloarthropathy with normal sacroiliac joints in patients with neuromuscular symptoms like tetany, paresthesia, and hypocalcemia should raise the possibility of this entity.

MRI findings in cranial eumycetoma.

Cranial eumycetoma (CE) due to direct inoculation of Madurella grisea into the scalp is extremely rare. We describe a case of CE caused by direct inoculation of M. grisea with the characteristic MRI findings of the "dot-in-circle" sign and a conglomeration of multiple, extremely hypointense "dots."

Intraosseus and extraosseus juxtaarticular calcification: Osteopoikilosis with synovial osteochondromatosis - an association.

Osteopoikilosis presents as round or ovoid sclerotic lesions with an appearance like enostosis on pathology. Synovial osteochondromatosis occurs due to cartilaginous metaplasia with synovial villous proliferation with calcified nodules in proximity to joints. A case of osteopoikilosis associated with synovial osteochondromatosis is described. Intraosseus and juxta osseus sclerotic bone lesions were identified on radiographs and computed tomography in a patient with knee pain. The association of osteopoikilosis with synovial osteochondromatosis is rare and to our knowledge has received little attention in the literature.