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1.
J Arrhythm ; 40(3): 440-447, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38939758

RESUMO

Background: Warfarin is considered the primary oral anticoagulant for patients with atrial fibrillation and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis. Although warfarin can offer significant stroke prevention in this population, the accompanying major bleeding risks make warfarin nearly prohibitive. Apixaban was shown to be superior to warfarin in preventing stroke or systemic embolism, with a lower risk of bleeding and mortality in a large, randomized trial of individuals with mostly normal renal function but none with ESRD. Methods: We systematically reviewed evidence comparing apixaban versus warfarin for atrial fibrillation in this population, and evaluated outcomes of stroke or systemic embolism, and major bleeding using random-effects models. The main safety outcome was major bleeding, and the main effectiveness outcome was stroke or systemic embolism. Results: We found five observational studies of 10 036 patients (2638 receiving apixaban, and 7398 receiving warfarin) meeting inclusion criteria. Pooled analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in major bleeding with apixaban as compared to warfarin (odds ratio [OR] 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42-0.61; p < .0001). Apixaban was also associated with a reduction in intracranial bleeding (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37-0.92; p = .02) and in gastrointestinal bleeding (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.51-0.73; p < .0001). Furthermore, apixaban was associated with a reduction in stroke/systemic embolism (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.50-0.82; p < .0001). Conclusion: Apixaban was associated with superior outcomes and reduced adverse events compared to warfarin in observational studies of patients with atrial fibrillation on dialysis. Randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings.

2.
Transplantation ; 2024 May 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38771099

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Recent data suggest patients with graft failure had better access to repeat kidney transplantation (re-KT) than transplant-naive dialysis accessing first KT. This was postulated to be because of better familiarity with the transplant process and healthcare system; whether this advantage is equitably distributed is not known. We compared the magnitude of racial/ethnic disparities in access to re-KT versus first KT. METHODS: Using United States Renal Data System, we identified 104 454 White, Black, and Hispanic patients with a history of graft failure from 1995 to 2018, and 2 357 753 transplant-naive dialysis patients. We used adjusted Cox regression to estimate disparities in access to first and re-KT and whether the magnitude of these disparities differed between first and re-KT using a Wald test. RESULTS: Black patients had inferior access to both waitlisting and receiving first KT and re-KT. However, the racial/ethnic disparities in waitlisting for (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74-0.80) and receiving re-KT (aHR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.58-0.64) was greater than the racial/ethnic disparities in first KT (waitlisting: aHR = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.90-0.93; Pinteraction = 0.001; KT: aHR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.64-0.72; Pinteraction < 0.001). For Hispanic patients, ethnic disparities in waitlisting for re-KT (aHR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.79-0.88) were greater than for first KT (aHR = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.11-1.16; Pinteraction < 0.001). However, the disparity in receiving re-KT (aHR = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.72-0.80) was similar to that for first KT (aHR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.68-0.79; Pinteraction = 0.55). Inferences were similar when restricting the cohorts to the Kidney Allocation System era. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike White patients, Black and Hispanic patients with graft failure do not experience improved access to re-KT. This suggests that structural and systemic barriers likely persist for racialized patients accessing re-KT, and systemic changes are needed to achieve transplant equity.

3.
Can J Kidney Health Dis ; 11: 20543581241238808, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38680970

RESUMO

Purpose of Review: Chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated pruritus is a common, persistent, and distressing itch experienced by patients across the CKD spectrum. Although the disorder is associated with adverse outcomes and poor health-related quality of life, it remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. The purpose of this narrative review is to offer health care providers guidance on how to effectively identify, assess, and treat patients with CKD-associated pruritus, with the goal of reducing symptom burden and improving patient-important outcomes, such as quality of life (QoL). Sources of Information: A panel of nephrologists and researchers from across Canada and the United States was assembled to develop this narrative review based on the best available data, current treatment guidelines, and their clinical experiences. Methods: A panel of nephrologists who actively care for patients with pruritus receiving dialysis from across Canada was assembled. Two researchers from the United States were also included based on their expertise in the diagnosis and management of CKD-associated pruritus. Throughout Spring 2023, the panel met to discuss key topics in the identification, assessment, and management of CKD-associated pruritus. Panel members subsequently developed summaries of the pertinent information based on the best available data, current treatment guidelines, and added information on their own clinical experiences. In all cases, approval of the article was sought and achieved through discussion. Key Findings: This narrative review provides pragmatic guidance addressing: (1) methods for screening CKD-associated pruritus, (2) assessing severity, (3) management of CKD-associated pruritus, and (4) suggested areas for future research. The panel developed a 3-pillar framework for proactive assessment and severity scoring in CKD-aP: systematic screening for CKD-associated pruritus (pillar 1), assessment of pruritus intensity (pillar 2), and understanding the impact of CKD-associated pruritus on the patient's QoL (pillar 3). Management of CKD-associated pruritus can include ensuring optimization of dialysis adequacy, achieving mineral metabolism targets (ie, calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone). However, treatment of CKD-associated pruritus usually requires additional interventions. Patients, regardless of CKD-associated pruritus severity, should be counseled on adequate skin hydration and other non-pharmacological strategies to reduce pruritus. Antihistamines should be avoided in favor of evidence-based treatments, such as difelikefalin and gabapentin. Limitations: A formal systematic review (SR) of the literature was not undertaken, although published SRs were reviewed. The possibility for bias based on the experts' own clinical experiences may have occurred. Key takeaways are based on the current available evidence, of which head-to-head clinical trials are lacking. Funding: This work was funded by an arm's length grant from Otsuka Canada Pharmaceutical Inc. (the importer and distributer of difelikefalin in Canada). LiV Medical Education Agency Inc. provided logistical and editorial support.


Motif de la revue: Le prurit associé à l'insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC) est une démangeaison cutanée fréquente, persistante et invalidante que les patients de tout le specter de l'IRC peuvent ressentir. Bien que le prurit soit associé à des effets indésirables et à une mauvaise qualité de vie liée à la santé, il demeure sous-diagnostiqué et sous-traité. L'objectif de cette revue narrative est d'offrir des conseils aux professionnels de la santé sur la façon d'identifier, d'évaluer et de traiter efficacement les patients atteints de prurit associé à l'IRC; ceci dans le but de réduire la charge des symptômes et d'améliorer les résultats importants pour les patients, notamment leur qualité de vie (QdV). Sources de l'information: Un comité de néphrologues et de chercheurs de partout au Canada et des États-Unis a été constitué pour élaborer la présente revue narrative à partir des meilleures données disponibles, des lignes directrices actuelles pour le traitement et de leurs expériences cliniques. Méthodologie: Un groupe de néphrologues canadiens qui s'occupent activement de patients dialysés souffrant de prurit a été constitué. Deux chercheurs des États-Unis ont été inclus au groupe en raison de leur expertise dans le diagnostic et la prise en charge du prurit associé à l'IRC. Le comité s'est réuni tout au long du printemps 2023 pour discuter de sujets clés en lien avec l'identification, l'évaluation et la prise en charge du prurit associé à l'IRC. Les membres du comité ont par la suite rédigé des résumés des informations pertinentes en se basant sur les meilleures données disponibles et les lignes directrices actuelles pour le traitement, auxquels ils ont ajouté des informations issues de leurs propres expériences cliniques. Dans tous les cas, l'approbation du manuscrit a été sollicitée et obtenue par discussion. Principaux résultats: Cette revue narrative offre des conseils pragmatiques sur les points suivants: (1) les méthodes de dépistage du prurit associé à l'IRC; (2) l'évaluation de sa gravité; (3) sa prise en charge; et (4) les domaines suggérés pour de futures recherches. Le comité a développé un cadre à trois piliers pour l'évaluation proactive du prurit associé à l'IRC et l'établissement d'un score de gravité: le dépistage systématique du prurit associé à l'IRC (pilier 1), l'évaluation de son intensité (pilier 2) et la compréhension de son impact sur la QdV du patient (pilier 3). La prise en charge du prurit associé à l'IRC peut inclure l'optimisation de l'adéquation de la dialyse et l'atteinte des cibles du métabolisme minéral (c.-à-d. calcium, phosphate et hormone parathyroïdienne). Cependant, son traitement nécessite habituellement des interventions supplémentaires. Les patients, quelle que soit la gravité du prurit associé à l'IRC, devraient être avisés d'hydrater adéquatement leur peau et informés des autres stratégies non pharmacologiques afin de réduire le prurit. On devrait éviter les antihistaminiques et les remplacer par des traitements fondés sur des données probantes comme la difélikéfaline et la gabapentine. Limites: Aucune revue systématique de la littérature n'a été formellement entreprise, bien que les revues systématiques publiées aient été examinées. La possibilité d'un biais fondé sur les expériences cliniques des experts est envisageable. Les principales conclusions de cette étude sont fondées sur les données probantes actuellement disponibles, pour lesquelles il n'existe pas d'essais cliniques comparatifs. Financement: Ces travaux ont été financés par une subvention indépendante d'Otsuka Canada Pharmaceutical Inc. (l'importateur et distributeur de la difélikéfaline au Canada). Un soutien logistique et éditorial a été fourni par liV Medical Education Agency Inc.

4.
Kidney Med ; 6(5): 100810, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38628463

RESUMO

Rationale & Objective: Patients treated with dialysis are commonly prescribed multiple medications (polypharmacy), including some potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). PIMs are associated with an increased risk of medication harm (eg, falls, fractures, hospitalization). Deprescribing is a solution that proposes to stop, reduce, or switch medications to a safer alternative. Although deprescribing pairs well with routine medication reviews, it can be complex and time-consuming. Whether clinical decision support improves the process and increases deprescribing for patients treated with dialysis is unknown. This study aimed to test the efficacy of the clinical decision support software MedSafer at increasing deprescribing for patients treated with dialysis. Study Design: Prospective controlled quality improvement study with a contemporaneous control. Setting & Participants: Patients prescribed ≥5 medications in 2 outpatient dialysis units in Montréal, Canada. Exposures: Patient health data from the electronic medical record were input into the MedSafer web-based portal to generate reports listing candidate PIMs for deprescribing. At the time of a planned biannual medication review (usual care), treating nephrologists in the intervention unit additionally received deprescribing reports, and patients received EMPOWER brochures containing safety information on PIMs they were prescribed. In the control unit, patients received usual care alone. Analytical Approach: The proportion of patients with ≥1 PIMs deprescribed was compared between the intervention and control units following a planned medication review to determine the effect of using MedSafer. The absolute risk difference with 95% CI and number needed to treat were calculated. Outcomes: The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with one or more PIMs deprescribed. Secondary outcomes include the reduction in the mean number of prescribed drugs and PIMs from baseline. Results: In total, 195 patients were included (127, control unit; 68, intervention unit); the mean age was 64.8 ± 15.9 (SD), and 36.9% were women. The proportion of patients with ≥1 PIMs deprescribed in the control unit was 3.1% (4/127) vs 39.7% (27/68) in the intervention unit (absolute risk difference, 36.6%; 95% CI, 24.5%-48.6%; P < 0.0001; number needed to treat = 3). Limitations: This was a single-center nonrandomized study with a type 1 error risk. Deprescribing durability was not assessed, and the study was not powered to reduce adverse drug events. Conclusions: Deprescribing clinical decision support and patient EMPOWER brochures provided during medication reviews could be an effective and scalable intervention to address PIMs in the dialysis population. A confirmatory randomized controlled trial is needed.


Patients treated with dialysis are commonly prescribed multiple medications, some of which are potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). PIMs can increase a patient's pill burden and are associated with an increased risk of harm (some examples include falls, fractures, and hospitalization). Deprescribing is a proposed solution that aims to highlight medications that can be stopped, reduced, or switched to a safer option, under supervision of a health care provider. We aimed to determine if a quality improvement intervention in the dialysis unit could increase deprescribing compared to usual care. The study took place in 2 outpatient hemodialysis units where usual care involves nurses and nephrologists performing medication reviews twice a year. The intervention was a deprescribing report that was generated with the help of a software tool called MedSafer, along with brochures for patients with information on PIMs they were taking. In the intervention unit, we increased the number of patients who had a medication safely deprescribed by 36.6% more than on the control unit. Although the study was small, a future larger study in dialysis patients might show that a computer software such as MedSafer can prevent harmful complications from taking too many medications.

5.
J Am Soc Nephrol ; 35(6): 795-808, 2024 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38353655

RESUMO

Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), also known as T-cell Ig and mucin domain-1 (TIM-1), is a widely recognized biomarker for AKI, but its biological function is less appreciated. KIM-1/TIM-1 belongs to the T-cell Ig and mucin domain family of conserved transmembrane proteins, which bear the characteristic six-cysteine Ig-like variable domain. The latter enables binding of KIM-1/TIM-1 to its natural ligand, phosphatidylserine, expressed on the surface of apoptotic cells and necrotic cells. KIM-1/TIM-1 is expressed in a variety of tissues and plays fundamental roles in regulating sterile inflammation and adaptive immune responses. In the kidney, KIM-1 is upregulated on injured renal proximal tubule cells, which transforms them into phagocytes for clearance of dying cells and helps to dampen sterile inflammation. TIM-1, expressed in T cells, B cells, and natural killer T cells, is essential for cell activation and immune regulatory functions in the host. Functional polymorphisms in the gene for KIM-1/TIM-1, HAVCR1 , have been associated with susceptibility to immunoinflammatory conditions and hepatitis A virus-induced liver failure, which is thought to be due to a differential ability of KIM-1/TIM-1 variants to bind phosphatidylserine. This review will summarize the role of KIM-1/TIM-1 in health and disease and its potential clinical applications as a biomarker and therapeutic target in humans.


Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda , Receptor Celular 1 do Vírus da Hepatite A , Humanos , Receptor Celular 1 do Vírus da Hepatite A/metabolismo , Injúria Renal Aguda/metabolismo , Injúria Renal Aguda/imunologia , Apoptose , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo
6.
Stud Health Technol Inform ; 310: 896-900, 2024 Jan 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38269938

RESUMO

Frailty is associated with a higher risk of death among kidney transplant candidates. Currently available frailty indices are often based on clinical impression, physical exam or an accumulation of deficits across domains of health. In this paper we investigate a clustering based approach that partitions the data based on similarities between individuals to generate phenotypes of kidney transplant candidates. We analyzed a multicenter cohort that included several features typically used to determine an individual's level of frailty. We present a clustering based phenotyping approach, where we investigated two clustering approaches-i.e. neural network based Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) with hierarchical clustering, and KAMILA (KAy-means for MIxed LArge data sets). Our clustering results partition the individuals across 3 distinct clusters. Clusters were used to generate and study feature-level phenotypes of each group.


Assuntos
Fragilidade , Transplante de Rim , Humanos , Fragilidade/diagnóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Algoritmos , Fenótipo
7.
Can J Kidney Health Dis ; 10: 20543581231217853, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38148768

RESUMO

Purpose of review: Lung ultrasound is a noninvasive bedside technique that can accurately assess pulmonary congestion by evaluating extravascular lung water. This technique is expanding and is easily available. Our primary outcome was to compare the efficacy of volume status assessment by lung ultrasound with clinical evaluation, echocardiography, bioimpedance, or biomarkers. The secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events. Sources of information: We conducted a MEDLINE literature search for observational and randomized studies with lung ultrasound in patients on maintenance dialysis. Methods: From a total of 2363 articles, we included 28 studies (25 observational and 3 randomized). The correlation coefficients were pooled for each variable of interest using the generic inverse variance method with a random effects model. Among the clinical parameters, New York Heart Association Functional Classification of Heart Failure status and lung auscultation showed the highest correlation with the number of B-lines on ultrasound, with a pooled r correlation coefficient of .57 and .36, respectively. Among echocardiographic parameters, left ventricular ejection fraction and inferior vena cava index had the strongest correlation with the number of B-lines, with a pooled r coefficient of .35 and .31, respectively. Three randomized studies compared a lung ultrasound-guided approach with standard of care on hard clinical endpoints. Although patients in the lung ultrasound group achieved better decongestion and blood pressure control, there was no difference between the 2 management strategies with respect to death from any cause or major adverse cardiovascular events. Key findings: Lung ultrasound may be considered for the identification of patients with subclinical volume overload. Trials did not show differences in clinically important outcomes. The number of studies was small and many were of suboptimal quality. Limitations: The included studies were heterogeneous and of relatively limited quality.


Motif de la revue: L'échographie pulmonaire est une technique non-invasive réalisée au chevet du patient qui permet d'évaluer avec précision la congestion pulmonaire en mesurant l'eau pulmonaire extravasculaire. Cette technique facilement accessible est de plus en plus utilisée. Notre principal critère de jugement était de comparer l'efficacité de l'évaluation de la volémie par échographie pulmonaire avec l'évaluation clinique, l'échocardiographie, la bio-impédance ou les biomarqueurs. Les critères d'évaluation secondaires étaient la mortalité toutes causes confondues et les événements cardiovasculaires. Sources: Nous avons recherché sur MEDLINE les études observationnelles et les essais randomisés où une échographie pulmonaire avait été réalisée chez des patients sous dialyse d'entretien. Méthodologie: Sur un total de 2 363 articles, nous avons retenu 28 études (25 observationnelles et 3 randomisées). Les coefficients de corrélation ont été regroupés pour chaque variable d'intérêt en utilisant la méthode générique de variance inverse avec un modèle à effets aléatoires. Les paramètres cliniques qui avaient montré les corrélations les plus élevées avec le nombre de lignes B à l'échographie étaient le statut de l'insuffisance cardiaque selon la classification de la New York Heart Association et l'auscultation pulmonaire, avec des coefficients de corrélation r regroupés respectifs de 0,57 et de 0,36. Les paramètres de l'échocardiographie qui avaient montré les plus fortes corrélations avec le nombre de lignes B étaient la fraction d'éjection du ventricule gauche et l'indice de la veine cave inférieure, avec des coefficients r regroupés respectifs de 0,35 et de 0,31. Trois essais randomisés avaient comparé une approche guidée par échographie pulmonaire aux normes de soins selon des critères cliniques stricts. Bien que les patients du groupe avec échographie pulmonaire aient montré une décongestion plus efficace et un meilleur contrôle de la pression artérielle, aucune différence n'a été observée entre les deux stratégies de prise en charge en ce qui concerne les décès de toutes causes confondues ou les événements cardiovasculaires indésirables majeurs. Principales observations: L'échographie pulmonaire pourrait être envisagée pour identifier les patients qui présentent une surcharge volumique subclinique. Les essais inclus n'ont pas montré de différences dans les résultats cliniquement pertinents. Le nombre d'études incluses était faible et plusieurs étaient de qualité sous-optimale. Limites: Les études incluses étaient hétérogènes et de qualité relativement limitée.

8.
Can J Kidney Health Dis ; 10: 20543581231205160, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37901358

RESUMO

Background: Most patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) appreciate the importance of exercise and would like to increase their physical activity; however, they report a few key barriers, including (1) lack of physician advice to do so, (2) lack of safe and convenient programs (ie, appropriate for home or neighborhood), and (3) cost. Importantly, patients indicated in a previous survey that they would prefer an exercise program that improves muscle strength and symptoms, and are less interested in cardiovascular disease prevention. Objective: To test the feasibility of a simple, prescribed exercise program using Nordic walking poles in patients with ESKD treated with dialysis. Design: Randomized multicenter pilot trial of an exercise intervention that includes Nordic walking poles, personalized physician exercise prescriptions, pedometers, and access to exercise videos, compared with standard of care, in patients being treated with maintenance dialysis. Setting: Multicenter tertiary care centers in Canada. Patients: Ambulatory adult patients with ESKD treated with peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis (HD) for at least 6 months at participating sites are potentially eligible. Inclusion criteria include ability to use Nordic walking poles (either de novo or in place of mobility aid) and to provide informed consent in English or in French. Exclusion criteria include (1) any absolute contraindication to exercise, (2) baseline step count >8000 steps/day, (3) planned living donor kidney transplant, and (4) participation in another interventional trial that may affect the results of this study. Methods: This is a randomized multicenter pilot trial of an exercise intervention that consists of a prescription to exercise using Nordic walking poles, a pedometer to track activity, and access to exercise videos, with the comparator of standard of care (dialysis unit staff encouragement to exercise) in patients being treated with maintenance dialysis. Randomization is concealed and uses a 1:1 ratio for group assignment. Our specific aims are to determine the feasibility of patient recruitment, adherence to the exercise program (verified by step counts), and efficacy of the intervention on patient-important outcomes that were assessed as a priority by patients in a prior survey-specifically strength, fatigue, and sleep. We record days spent in hospital and loss of independent living to inform sample size calculations for a definitive trial of exercise in patient with ESKD treated with dialysis. Adverse events are closely monitored. Outcomes: Primary: Our recruitment goal is 90 to 150 patients over 27 months; adherence success will be defined if >75% of randomized patients, excluding those who are transplanted or deceased, achieve >80% of their prescribed steps at 6 and 12 months. Secondary Efficacy Outcomes: (1) strength-hand grip strength and 5 times sit to stand, (2) energy-Short Form (SF)-36 vitality subscale, and (3) sleep-Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index will be assessed at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Results: Trial recruitment started before the COVID-19 pandemic and the pandemic led to many interruptions and delays. Online exercise Web sites and a tailored video were added to the protocol to encourage activity when participants were unable or reluctant to walk in public places. Limitations: This trial was designed to include ambulatory patients with ESKD and does not address the burden of disease in patients with very restricted mobility. Trial Registration: NCT03787589.


Contexte: La plupart des patients atteints d'insuffisance rénale terminale (IRT) comprennent l'importance de l'exercice physique et souhaitent augmenter leur niveau d'activité. Ils signalent toutefois quelques obstacles, notamment 1) le manque de conseils médicaux pour le faire; 2) le manque de programmes sécuritaires et faciles (c.-à-d. pouvant être suivis à la maison ou dans le quartier); et 3) les coûts. Il convient de noter que les patients avaient indiqué dans une enquête précédente préférer un programme d'exercices améliorant la force musculaire et les symptômes liés à la maladie, et être moins intéressés par la prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires. Objectif: Dans une population de patients atteints d'IRT traités par dialyse, tester la faisabilité d'un programme prescrit et simple à suivre d'exercices impliquant l'utilisation de bâtons de marche nordique. Conception: Essai pilote randomisé multicentrique mené chez des patients traités par dialyse d'entretien. L'essai compare les soins habituels à une intervention comprenant des exercices avec bâtons de marche nordique, un programme personnalisé prescrit par un médecin, un podomètre et l'accès à des vidéos d'exercices. Cadre: Plusieurs centres de soins tertiaires au Canada. Sujets: Tous les patients adultes ambulatoires atteints d'IRT traités par dialyse péritonéale ou hémodialyse depuis au moins 6 mois dans les sites participants sont potentiellement admissibles. Pour être inclus, les patients doivent pouvoir utiliser des bâtons de marche nordique (de novo ou en remplacement de l'aide à la mobilité) et fournir un consentement éclairé en anglais ou en français. Les critères d'exclusion sont : 1) toute contre-indication absolue à l'exercice; 2) le fait de marcher déjà au moins 8 000 pas/jour; 3) avoir une transplantation rénale d'un donneur vivant prévue; 4) la participation à un autre essai interventionnel susceptible d'affecter les résultats de la présente étude. Méthodologie: Il s'agit d'un essai pilote randomisé multicentrique examinant une intervention en matière d'activité physique. L'intervention consiste en une prescription d'activité physique à l'aide de bâtons de marche nordique, elle donne accès à un podomètre pour suivre l'activité, ainsi qu'à des vidéos d'exercices; le comparateur est la norme de soins (encouragement par le personnel de l'unité de dialyse à pratiquer une activité physique) pour les patients traités par dialyse d'entretien. La randomisation est masquée et utilise un ratio de 1:1 pour l'affectation aux groupes. Nous examinons la faisabilité du recrutement des patients, l'observance du programme d'exercices (vérifiée par le nombre de pas) et l'efficacité de l'intervention sur les résultats de santé ayant été jugés comme importants et prioritaires par les patients dans une enquête précédente ­ plus précisément la force, la fatigue et le sommeil. Nous enregistrons le nombre de jours passés à l'hôpital et la perte de vie autonome afin d'éclairer les calculs de la taille de l'échantillon d'un essai définitif qui portera sur l'activité physique en contexte d'HD. Les événements indésirables sont étroitement surveillés. Mesures: Primaires : nous souhaitons recruter 90 à 150 patients sur une période de 27 mois; l'observance sera jugée comme un succès si plus de 75 % des patients randomisés (excluant les patients transplantés ou décédés) atteignent plus de 80 % de leur prescription de nombres de pas/jour après 6 et 12 mois. Paramètres secondaires d'efficacité : 1) Force ­ mesure de la force de préhension et 5 fois l'exercice de se lever d'une position assise; 2) Énergie ­ sous-échelle du test de vitalité SF-36; et 3) Sommeil ­ mesure de l'Indice de la qualité du sommeil Pittsburg à l'inclusion et après 6 mois et 12 mois. Résultats: Le recrutement s'est amorcé avant la pandémie de COVID-19, puis celle-ci a entraîné de nombreuses interruptions et retards. Des sites d'exercices en ligne et une vidéo personnalisée ont été ajoutés au protocole afin d'encourager les patients à continuer de faire de l'activité physique lorsqu'ils ne pouvaient pas marcher dans des lieux publics ou étaient réticents à le faire. Limites: Cet essai a été conçu pour inclure des patients ambulatoires atteints d'IRT, il ne traite pas du fardeau de la maladie chez les patients à mobilité très restreinte.

9.
Can J Kidney Health Dis ; 10: 20543581231191836, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37564323

RESUMO

Purpose of program: Adolescents and young adults with chronic disease face many personal and systemic barriers that may impede their successful transition from pediatric to adult care, putting them at risk for treatment nonadherence, loss to follow-up, and poor health outcomes. Such barriers include impaired socioemotional functioning, overreliance on adult caregivers, lack of disease-specific knowledge, and poor coordination between pediatric and adult health care services. In 2007, we established a specialized youth to adult nephrology transition clinic at a tertiary care center to address these barriers and provide adolescents and young adults with renal disease followed at the affiliated children's hospital with a seamless transition to adult care. Sources of information: The attending clinic nephrologist collected data prospectively for this quality improvement report. Methods: The features of this specialized clinic included (1) single point of entry and single triage adult nephrologist, (2) ongoing follow-up with a single adult nephrologist who communicated with the pediatric nephrologists, and (3) a single specialized clinic nurse who provided disease-specific education and helped to ensure ongoing patient engagement and follow-up. Importantly, the transition patients were booked into regular appointment slots in the adult nephrologist's general clinic, which facilitated regular follow-up without additional resources. The salary of the transition clinic nurse was covered by an unrestricted grant. Patient visits were in-person, except between 2020 and 2021 when visits were by telephone due to the pandemic. Key findings: A total of 213 patients were referred and assessed in the transition clinic from February 2007 until October 2022. Most referrals were from pediatric nephrologists. Among the patients, 29% had a hereditary kidney disease; in 71%, the disease was acquired. The most common disease was glomerulonephritis and ~30% of the patients suffered from a "rare" disease. Of the 213 patients, 123 (58%) continue to be followed up (mean follow-up: 4.8 years), 27 (13%) were transferred to other physicians, in part to accommodate treatment closer to patients' homes, and 29 (14%) without ongoing care needs were discharged. Only 33 (15%) were lost to follow-up. There were several advantages to the clinic, including the maintenance of accurate records, a process to minimize loss to follow-up, and a "critical mass" of patients with rare diseases, which facilitated development of special expertise in rare disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and management of complications. Patients with glomerulonephritis demonstrated a stable serum creatinine over 3 to 15 years, and morbidity (as reflected by emergency room visits and hospitalizations) was low. Limitations: Due to the relatively small numbers of patients in the disease categories, it was not possible to determine conclusively whether attendance of patients in the transition clinic reduced the rate of progression of kidney disease or morbidity. Implications: A dedicated referral, triage, and follow-up process post-transition with only modest financial resources and personnel can result in accurate tracking of clinic data, as well as consistent and reliable follow-up and expert patient care.


Objectif du programme: Les adolescents et les jeunes adultes souffrant de maladies chroniques sont confrontés à de nombreux obstacles, tant personnels que systémiques, qui peuvent entraver leur transition des soins pédiatriques vers les soins aux adultes, ce qui augmente le risque d'inobservance du traitement, de perte de suivi et de mauvais résultats de santé. Parmi ces obstacles, on compte notamment un fonctionnement socioémotionnel déficient, une dépendance excessive envers leurs soignants adultes, le manque de connaissances spécifiques sur leur maladie et une mauvaise coordination entre les services de soins de santé pédiatriques et pour adultes. En 2007, dans un centre de soins tertiaires, nous avons créé une clinique spécialisée dans la transition entre les soins de néphrologie pédiatriques et les soins pour adultes; ceci afin d'éliminer les obstacles et de fournir aux adolescents et aux jeunes adultes qui étaient suivis à l'hôpital pour enfants affilié de faire une transition sans heurt vers les soins aux adultes. Sources: Le néphrologue de la clinique a recueilli des données de façon prospective pour la rédaction de ce rapport d'amélioration de la qualité. Méthodologie: La clinique spécialisée comportait les particularités suivantes: i) un seul point d'entrée et un seul néphrologue pour adultes procédait au triage, ii) un suivi continu était effectué par un seul néphrologue pour adultes qui avait communiqué avec les néphrologues pédiatriques, et iii) une seule infirmière clinicienne spécialisée fournissait de l'information spécifique à la maladie et contribuait à assurer la constance dans l'engagement des patients et leur suivi. Surtout, les patients en transition avaient été inscrits pour des rendez-vous réguliers à la clinique générale du néphrologue pour adultes, ce qui a facilité un suivi sans besoin de ressources supplémentaires. Le salaire de l'infirmière de la clinique de transition était couvert par une subvention illimitée. Les visites des patients se faisaient en personne, sauf en 2020-2021, où les rencontres se faisaient par téléphone en raison de la pandémie. Principaux résultats: Au total, 213 patients ont été aiguillés et évalués à la clinique de transition entre février 2007 et octobre 2022. La plupart des aiguillages provenaient de néphrologues pédiatriques. Parmi les patients, 29 % présentaient une néphropathie héréditaire; 71 % avaient une maladie acquise. La glomérulonéphrite était la néphropathie la plus fréquente, et environ 30 % des patients souffraient d'une maladie dite « rare ¼. Sur les 213 patients aiguillés vers la clinique, 123 (58 %) continuent d'y être suivis (suivi moyen de 4,8 ans), 27 (13 %) ont été transférés à d'autres médecins, en partie pour recevoir des soins plus près de leur domicile, et 29 (14 %) sans besoins de soins continus ont reçu leur congé. Seuls 33 patients (15 %) ont été perdus en cours de suivi. La clinique a présenté plusieurs avantages: une tenue précise des dossiers, un processus visant à minimiser la perte de suivi et une « masse critique ¼ de patients atteints de maladies rares, ce qui a facilité le développement d'une expertise particulière dans leur pathogenèse, leur diagnostic, leur traitement et la prise en charge des leurs complications. Les patients atteints de glomérulonéphrite ont conservé un taux de créatinine sérique stable sur 3 à 15 ans, et la morbidité (reflétée par les visites aux urgences et les hospitalisations) était faible. Limites: Le nombre relativement faible de patients dans les différentes catégories de maladies n'a pas permis de déterminer de façon concluante si le suivi des patients à la clinique de transition avait réduit le taux de progression de la maladie ou la morbidité. Conclusion: La présence d'un processus d'aiguillage, de triage et de suivi dédié après la transition, même en disposant de personnel et de ressources financières modestes, peut se traduire par un suivi précis des données cliniques, ainsi que par un suivi cohérent et fiable et des soins spécialisés pour les patients.

10.
Can J Kidney Health Dis ; 10: 20543581231165712, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37435299

RESUMO

Background: Patients on dialysis are commonly prescribed multiple medications (polypharmacy), many of which are potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). Potentially inappropriate medications are associated with an increased risk of falls, fractures, and hospitalization. MedSafer is an electronic tool that generates individualized, prioritized reports with deprescribing opportunities by cross-referencing patient health data and medications with guidelines for deprescribing. Objectives: Our primary aim was to increase deprescribing, as compared with usual care (medication reconciliation or MedRec), for outpatients receiving maintenance hemodialysis, through the provision of MedSafer deprescribing opportunity reports to the treating team and patient empowerment deprescribing brochures provided directly to the patients themselves. Design: This controlled, prospective, quality improvement study with a contemporary control builds on existing policy at the outpatient hemodialysis centers where biannual MedRecs are performed by the treating nephrologist and nursing team. Setting: The study takes place on 2 of the 3 outpatient hemodialysis units of the McGill University Health Centre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The intervention unit is the Lachine Hospital, and the control unit is the Montreal General Hospital. Patients: A closed cohort of outpatient hemodialysis patients visit one of the hemodialysis centers multiple times per week for their hemodialysis treatment. The initial cohort of the intervention unit includes 85 patients, whereas the control unit has 153 patients. Patients who are transplanted, hospitalized during their scheduled MedRec, or die before or during the MedRec will be excluded from the study. Measurements: We will compare rates of deprescribing between the control and intervention units following a single MedRec. On the intervention unit, MedRecs will be paired with MedSafer reports (the intervention), and on the control unit, MedRecs will take place without MedSafer reports (usual care). On the intervention unit, patients will also receive deprescribing patient empowerment brochures for select medication classes (gabapentinoids, proton-pump inhibitors, sedative hypnotics and opioids for chronic non-cancer pain). Physicians on the intervention unit will be interviewed post-MedRec to determine implementation barriers and facilitators. Methods: The primary outcome will be the proportion of patients with 1 or more PIMs deprescribed on the intervention unit, as compared with the control unit, following a biannual MedRec. This study will build on existing policies aimed at optimizing medication therapy in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. The electronic deprescribing decision support tool, MedSafer, will be tested in a dialysis setting, where nephrologists are regularly in contact with patients. MedRecs are an interdisciplinary clinical activity performed biannually on the hemodialysis units (in the Spring and Fall), and within 1 week following discharge from any hospitalization. This study will take place in the Fall of 2022. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted among physicians on the intervention unit to determine barriers and facilitators to implementation of the MedSafer-supplemented MedRec process and analyzed according to grounded theory in qualitative research. Limitations: Deprescribing can be limited due to nephrologists' time constraints, cognitive impairment of the hemodialyzed patient stemming from their illness and complex medication regimens, and lack of sufficient patient resources to learn about the medications they are taking and their potential harms. Conclusions: Electronic decision support can facilitate deprescribing for the clinical team by providing a nudge reminder, decreasing the time it takes to review and effectuate guideline recommendations, and by lowering the barrier of when and how to taper. Guidelines for deprescribing in the dialysis population have recently been published and incorporated into the MedSafer software. To our knowledge, this will be the first study to examine the efficacy of pairing these guidelines with MedRecs by leveraging electronic decision support in the outpatient dialysis population. Trial registration: This study was registered on Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05585268) on October 2, 2022, prior to the enrolment of the first participant on October 3, 2022. The registration number is pending at the time of protocol submission.


Contexte: Les patients sous dialyse se voient souvent prescrire de nombreux médicaments (polypharmacie), dont plusieurs médicaments potentiellement inappropriés (MPI). Les MPI sont associés à un risque accru de chutes, de fractures et d'hospitalisations. MedSécure est un outil électronique qui génère des rapports individualisés et classés par ordre de priorité indiquant les possibilités de déprescription. L'outil fonctionne en croisant les données sur la santé des patients et les médicaments sous ordonnance avec des lignes directrices pour la déprescription. Objectifs de l'étude: L'objectif principal est de favoriser la déprescription par rapport aux soins habituels (Medication Reconciliation [MedRecs] ou bilan comparatif des médicaments) chez les patients ambulatoires recevant une hémodialyse d'entretien, en fournissant des rapports MedSécure de déprescription à l'équipe soignante et des brochures encourageant la déprescription aux patients. Conception: Cette étude prospective et contrôlée (témoin contemporain) d'amélioration de la qualité s'appuie sur la politique existante dans les centers d'hémodialyse ambulatoires où un bilan des médicaments (MedRecs) est effectué deux fois par année par le néphrologue traitant et l'équipe de soins infirmiers. Cadre: L'étude a lieu dans deux des trois unités d'hémodialyse ambulatoire du Center universitaire de santé McGill à Montréal (Québec, Canada). L'unité d'intervention est l'Hôpital de Lachine et l'unité témoin est l'Hôpital général de Montréal. Sujets: Une cohorte fermée de patients ambulatoires sous hémodialyse qui visitent plusieurs fois par semaine un center d'hémodialyse pour leurs traitements. La cohorte initiale de l'unité d'intervention compte 85 patients, tandis que l'unité témoin compte 132 patients. Seront exclus les patients qui recevront une greffe, qui seront hospitalisés pendant leur MedRecs ou qui décèderont avant ou pendant le MedRecs. Mesures: Nous comparerons les taux de déprescription entre les unités témoin et d'intervention après un seul MedRecs. Dans l'unité d'intervention, le MedRecs sera associé aux rapports MedSécure (l'intervention); dans l'unité témoin, le MedRecs aura lieu sans rapports MedSécure (soins habituels). Au sein de l'unité d'intervention, les patients recevront également des brochures encourageant la déprescription pour certaines classes de médicaments (gabapentinoïdes, inhibiteurs de la pompe à protons, hypnotiques sédatifs et opioïdes pour les douleurs chroniques non cancéreuses). Les médecins de l'unité d'intervention seront interviewés après le MedRec pour déterminer les obstacles et les facilitateurs à la mise en œuvre. Méthodologie: Le principal critère d'évaluation sera la proportion de patients dans l'unité d'intervention chez qui au moins un MPI sera déprescrit après un MedRec semestriel, par rapport à l'unité témoin. L'étude s'appuiera sur les politiques existantes visant à optimiser la médication chez les patients suivant des traitements d'hémodialyse d'entretien. L'outil électronique d'aide à la décision de déprescription MedSécure sera testé en contexte de dialyse, où les néphrologues sont régulièrement en contact avec les patients. Les MedRecs sont une activité clinique interdisciplinaire effectuée semestriellement sur les unités d'hémodialyse (au printemps et à l'automne) et dans la semaine suivant un congé de l'hôpital. Cette étude aura lieu à l'automne 2022. Des entretiens semi-structurés seront menés avec les médecins de l'unité d'intervention afin d'établir les obstacles et les facilitateurs à la mise en œuvre du processus MedRec complété par MedSécure, puis analysés selon une théorie fondée sur la recherche qualitative. Limites: La déprescription peut être limitée par des contraintes de temps des néphrologues, des troubles cognitifs résultant des maladies et des régimes médicamenteux complexes des patients sous hémodialyse ou par un manque de ressources pour éduquer les patients sur les médicaments qu'ils prennent et leurs méfaits potentiels. Conclusion: Un outil électronique d'aide à la décision peut faciliter le processus de déprescription pour l'équipe clinique en fournissant un rappel, en réduisant le temps nécessaire à l'examen et à l'application des recommandations, et en limitant les obstacles liés au moment et à la façon de réduire le nombre de médicaments. Des lignes directrices sur la déprescription dans la population des patients sous dialyse ont récemment été publiées et incorporées au logiciel MedSécure. À notre connaissance, il s'agit de la première étude à examiner l'efficacité du couplage des lignes directrices avec le MedRecs en tirant parti de l'outil électronique d'aide à la décision en contexte d'hémodialyse ambulatoire.

11.
Can J Kidney Health Dis ; 10: 20543581231172407, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37168686

RESUMO

Background: Emerging data favor central blood pressure (BP) over brachial cuff BP to predict cardiovascular and kidney events, as central BP more closely relates to the true aortic BP. Considering that patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high cardiovascular risk and can have unreliable brachial cuff BP measurements (due to high arterial stiffness), this population could benefit the most from hypertension management using central BP measurements. Objective: To assess the feasibility and efficacy of targeting central BP as opposed to brachial BP in patients with CKD G4-5. Design: Pragmatic multicentre double-blinded randomized controlled pilot trial. Setting: Seven large academic advanced kidney care clinics across Canada. Patients: A total of 116 adults with CKD G4-5 (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] < 30 mL/min) and brachial cuff systolic BP between 120 and 160 mm Hg. The key exclusion criteria are 1) ≥ 5 BP drugs, 2) recent acute kidney injury, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure or injurious fall, 3) previous kidney replacement therapy. Methods: Double-blind randomization to a central or a brachial cuff systolic BP target (both < 130 mm Hg) as measured by a validated central BP device. The study duration is 12 months with follow-up visits every 2 to 4 months, based on local practice. All other aspects of CKD management are at the discretion of the attending nephrologist. Outcomes: Primary Feasibility: Feasibility of a large-scale trial based on predefined components. Primary Efficacy: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity at 12 months. Others: Efficacy (eGFR decline, albuminuria, BP drugs, and quality of life); Events (major adverse cardiovascular events, CKD progression, hospitalization, mortality); Safety (low BP events and acute kidney injury). Limitations: May be challenging to distinguish whether central BP is truly different from brachial BP to the point of significantly influencing treatment decisions. Therapeutic inertia may be a barrier to successfully completing a randomized trial in a population of CKD G4-5. These 2 aspects will be evaluated in the feasibility assessment of the trial. Conclusion: This is the first trial to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of using central BP to manage hypertension in advanced CKD, paving the way to a future large-scale trial. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05163158).


Contexte: Des données émergentes favorisent la mesure de la pression artérielle (PA) centrale plutôt que brachiale pour prédire les événements cardiovasculaires et rénaux, car la PA centrale est plus proche de la véritable PA aortique. Les patients souffrant d'insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC) de stade avancé présentent un risque cardiovasculaire élevé, et les mesures de la pression artérielle avec brassard brachial ne sont pas toujours fiables (en raison d'une rigidité artérielle élevée). La prise en charge de l'hypertension à l'aide de mesures centrales de la pression artérielle pourrait donc bénéficier à cette population de patients. Objectif: Évaluer la faisabilité et l'efficacité d'un ciblage de la PA par mesure centrale plutôt que brachiale chez les patients atteints d'IRC de stade G4-5. Conception: Essai pilote pragmatique, contrôlé et randomisé, mené en double aveugle dans plusieurs centers. Cadre: Sept grandes cliniques universitaires de soins rénaux avancés de partout au Canada. Sujets: 116 adultes atteints d'IRC de stade G4-5 (DFGe < 30 ml/min) avec une mesure de PA systolique mesurée par brassard brachial entre 120 et 160 mm Hg. Les principaux critères d'exclusion sont 1) la prise d'au moins 5 médicaments associés à la PA; 2) un épisode récent d'insuffisance rénale aiguë, d'infarctus du myocarde, d'accident vasculaire cérébral, d'insuffisance cardiaque ou une chute avec blessure; et 3) des antécédents de thérapie de remplacement rénal. Méthodologie: Randomization en double aveugle vers une cible de PA systolique centrale ou brachiale (toutes deux à < 130 mm Hg) mesurée par un appareil validé de mesure de la PA centrale. La durée de l'étude est de 12 mois avec visites de suivi tous les 2 à 4 mois, selon la pratique locale. Tous les autres aspects de la gestion de l'IRC sont à la discrétion du néphrologue traitant. Résultats: Faisabilité principale: faisabilité d'un essai à grande échelle fondé sur des paramètres prédéfinis. Efficacité principale: vitesse de l'onde de pouls carotido-fémorale à 12 mois. Autres: efficacité (déclin du DFGe, albuminurie, médicaments pour la PA, qualité de vie); événements (événements cardiovasculaires indésirables majeurs, progression de l'IRC, hospitalization, mortalité); innocuité (faible nombre d'événements liés à la PA, insuffisance rénale aiguë). Limites: Il peut être difficile de déterminer si la mesure de la PA centrale est vraiment différente de celle de la PA brachiale, et ce, au point d'influencer de manière significative les décisions de traitement. L'inertie thérapeutique peut constituer un obstacle à la réussite d'un essai randomisé dans une population de patients atteints d'IRC de stade G4-5. Ces deux aspects seront évalués dans la portion évaluant la faisabilité de l'essai. Conclusion: Il s'agit du premier essai visant à évaluer la faisabilité et l'efficacité de l'utilization de la PA centrale pour la prise en charge de l'hypertension chez les patients atteints d'IRC de stade avancé, ce qui ouvre la voie à un futur essai à grande échelle. Enregistrement de l'essai: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05163158).

12.
Cell Rep Med ; 4(3): 100955, 2023 03 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36863335

RESUMO

Cellular immune defects associated with suboptimal responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccination in people receiving hemodialysis (HD) are poorly understood. We longitudinally analyze antibody, B cell, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell vaccine responses in 27 HD patients and 26 low-risk control individuals (CIs). The first two doses elicit weaker B cell and CD8+ T cell responses in HD than in CI, while CD4+ T cell responses are quantitatively similar. In HD, a third dose robustly boosts B cell responses, leads to convergent CD8+ T cell responses, and enhances comparatively more T helper (TH) immunity. Unsupervised clustering of single-cell features reveals phenotypic and functional shifts over time and between cohorts. The third dose attenuates some features of TH cells in HD (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα]/interleukin [IL]-2 skewing), while others (CCR6, CXCR6, programmed cell death protein 1 [PD-1], and HLA-DR overexpression) persist. Therefore, a third vaccine dose is critical to achieving robust multifaceted immunity in hemodialysis patients, although some distinct TH characteristics endure.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2/genética , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos , Vacinas de mRNA
14.
Pharmacol Ther ; 242: 108330, 2023 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36513134

RESUMO

Diabetes drives an increasing burden of cardiovascular and renal disease worldwide, motivating the search for new hypoglycemic agents that confer cardiac and renal protective effects. Although initially developed as hypoglycemic agents, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have since been studied in patients with and without diabetes for the management of heart failure and chronic kidney disease. A growing body of evidence supports the efficacy and safety of SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), based on complex mechanisms of action that extend far beyond glucosuria and that confer beneficial effects on cardiovascular and renal hemodynamics, fibrosis, inflammation, and end-organ protection. This review focuses on the pharmacology and pathophysiology of SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with CKD, as well as their cardiovascular and renal effects in this population. We are focusing on the five agents that have been tested in cardiovascular outcome trials and that have been approved either in Europe or in North America: empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, ertugliglozin, and sotagliflozin.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose , Simportadores , Humanos , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose/farmacologia , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose/uso terapêutico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/efeitos adversos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Glucose , Sódio
15.
CJC Open ; 5(12): 907-915, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38204853

RESUMO

Background: The hypertension specialist often receives referrals of patients with young-onset, severe, difficult-to-control hypertension, patients with hypertensive emergencies, and patients with secondary causes of hypertension. Specialist hypertension care compliments primary care for these complex patients and contributes to an overall hypertension control strategy. The objective of this study was to characterize hypertension centres and the practice patterns of Canadian hypertension specialists. Methods: Adult hypertension specialists across Canada were surveyed to describe hypertension centres and specialist practice in Canada, including the following: the patient population managed by hypertension specialists; details on how care is provided; practice pattern variations; and differences in access to specialized hypertension resources across the country. Results: The survey response rate was 73.5% from 25 hypertension centres. Most respondents were nephrologists and general internal medicine specialists. Hypertension centres saw between 50 and 2500 patients yearly. A mean of 17% (± 15%) of patients were referred from the emergency department and a mean of 52% (± 24%) were referred from primary care. Most centres had access to specialized testing (adrenal vein sampling, level 1 sleep studies, autonomic testing) and advanced therapies for resistant hypertension (renal denervation). Considerable heterogeneity was present in the target blood pressure in young people with low cardiovascular risk and in the diagnostic algorithms for investigating secondary causes of hypertension. Conclusions: These results summarize the current state of hypertension specialist care and highlight opportunities for further collaboration among hypertension specialists, including standardization of the approach to specialist care for patients with hypertension.


Contexte: Le spécialiste de l'hypertension reçoit souvent des patients orientés pour une hypertension sévère, d'apparition précoce et difficile à maîtriser, pour une urgence hypertensive ou pour des causes secondaires de l'hypertension. Les soins spécialisés de l'hypertension complètent les soins primaires pour ces cas complexes et font partie d'une stratégie globale de maîtrise de l'hypertension. Cette étude avait pour objectif de caractériser les centres de traitement de l'hypertension et les habitudes de pratique des spécialistes canadiens qui traitent l'hypertension. Méthodologie: Un sondage a été mené auprès de spécialistes de l'hypertension adulte de l'ensemble du Canada afin de décrire les centres de traitement de l'hypertension et la pratique des spécialistes au Canada, notamment les éléments suivants : la population de patients prise en charge par des spécialistes de l'hypertension, les renseignements sur la façon dont les soins sont prodigués, les variations dans les habitudes de pratique ainsi que les différences relatives à l'accès aux ressources spécialisées en hypertension à l'échelle du pays. Résultats: Le taux de réponse au sondage a été de 73,5 % dans 25 centres de l'hypertension. La plupart des répondants étaient des néphrologues et des spécialistes en médecine interne générale. Les centres de l'hypertension recevaient entre 50 et 2500 patients par année. En moyenne, 17 % (± 15 %) des patients provenaient du service des urgences et 52 % (± 24 %) provenaient d'une unité de soins primaires. La plupart des centres avaient accès à des tests spécialisés (prélèvements veineux surrénaliens, études du sommeil de niveau 1, tests autonomes) et à des traitements avancés pour l'hypertension résistante (dénervation rénale). Une hétérogénéité considérable a été constatée en ce qui concerne la pression artérielle cible chez les jeunes présentant un faible risque cardiovasculaire et les algorithmes diagnostiques pour étudier les causes secondaires de l'hypertension. Conclusions: Ces résultats résument la situation actuelle des soins spécialisés de l'hypertension et font ressortir des occasions d'accroître la collaboration entre les spécialistes de l'hypertension, notamment en ce qui concerne une normalisation de l'approche des soins spécialisés pour les patients hypertendus.

16.
Kidney360 ; 3(10): 1763-1768, 2022 10 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36514720

RESUMO

Patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) have more inflammatory monocytes and less plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs) compared with healthy controls.Patients on HD who have a poor antibody response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine had fewer monocyte-derived DCs and conventional DCs compared with good responders.The defects in antigen presentation might be possible therapeutic targets to increase vaccine efficacy in HD patients.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Imunidade Inata , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos
17.
Kidney Int Rep ; 7(11): 2410-2420, 2022 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36531889

RESUMO

Introduction: Studying existing health systems with variable living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) performance and understanding factors that drive these differences can inform comprehensive system-level approaches to improve LDKT. We aimed to quantify previously identified barriers and estimate their association with LDKT performance. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of health professionals (HPs). Statements, rated on a Likert scale of "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree", captured themes related to communication; role perception; HP's education, training and comfort; attitudes; referral process; patient; as well as resources and infrastructure. The percentage who agreed with these statements was analyzed and compared by LDKT performance (living donation rates higher or lower than the national average) and participant characteristics. Results: We obtained 353 complete responses. Themes related to poor communication, poor role perception, and HPs education or training or comfort emerged as barriers to LDKT. When compared with HPs from high-performing provinces, those from low-performing provinces had lower odds of agreeing that their province promoted LDKT (adjusted odd ratio [aOR] = 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16-0.48). They also had lower odds of initiating discussions about LDKT (aOR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.17-0.55), and higher odds of agreeing that the transplant team is best suited to discuss LDKT (aOR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.60-4.33) and that more resources would increase LDKT discussions (aOR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.25-3.40). Nonphysician role and less than 10 years of experience were associated with the level of agreement across several themes. Creating guidelines, streamlining evaluations, and improving communication were ranked as priorities to increase LDKT. Conclusion: There are system-level barriers to LDKT and some were more prevalent in low-performing provinces. Interventions to eliminate them should be implemented in conjunction with patient-level interventions as part of a comprehensive system-level approach to increase LDKT.

18.
Kidney360 ; 3(6): 1057-1064, 2022 06 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35845331

RESUMO

Background: Hemodialysis patients have faced unique challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. They face high risk of death if infected and have unavoidable exposure to others when they come to hospital three times weekly for their life-saving treatments. The objective of this study was to gain a better understanding of the scope and magnitude of the effects of the pandemic on the lived experience of patients receiving in-center hemodialysis. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 22 patients who were undergoing dialysis treatments in five hemodialysis centers in Montreal from November 2020 to May 2021. Interviews were transcribed and then analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: Most participants reported no negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on their hemodialysis care. Several patients had negative feelings related to forced changes in their dialysis schedules, and this was especially pronounced for indigenous patients in a shared living situation. Some patients were concerned about contracting COVID-19, especially during public transportation, whereas others expressed confidence that the physical distancing and screening measures implemented at the hospital would protect them and their loved ones. Some participants reported that masks negatively affected their interactions with health care workers, and for many others, the pandemic was associated with feelings of loneliness. Finally, some respondents reported some positive effects of the pandemic, including use of telemedicine and creating a sense of solidarity. Conclusions: Patients undergoing hemodialysis reported no negative effects on their medical care but faced significant disruptions in their routines and social interactions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, they showed great resilience in their ability to adapt to the new reality of their hemodialysis treatments. We also show that studies focused on understanding the lived experiences of indigenous patients and patients from different ethnic backgrounds are needed in order reduce inequities in care during public health emergencies.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Humanos , Máscaras , Pandemias , Quebeque/epidemiologia , Diálise Renal
19.
Curr Cardiol Rep ; 24(8): 979-985, 2022 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35751834

RESUMO

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The current care model of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications appears to be "asynchronous" with patient care divided by specialty. This model is associated with low use of guideline-directed medical therapies. RECENT FINDINGS: The use of integrated care models has been well described in the management of patients with T2D; this usually includes an endocrinologist coupled with a nutritionist and nurse. However, physician-based care models are largely "asynchronous," whereby the patient requires multiple different siloed specialties to manage their health care. To date, there has been limited exploration of synchronous care delivery, i.e., whereby multi-comorbid patients with T2D are seen simultaneously by health care providers from endocrinology, cardiology, and nephrology to optimize use of guideline-directed medical therapies (GDMT). Given the rising complexity of patients with T2D, further research is needed on the role of synchronous health care delivery in optimizing the use of GDMT and improving patient outcomes.


Assuntos
Sistema Cardiovascular , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Comorbidade , Atenção à Saúde , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Humanos
20.
Can J Kidney Health Dis ; 9: 20543581221106657, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35756329
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