[The current concept of augmentation of treatment efficiency with antidepressant medication].

The introduction into clinical practice of new and highly effective antidepressants has certainly helped to resolve the problem of depression therapy. However, achieving a complete remission, which is a key point for therapy in depressed patients, remains a difficult task. It is known that a significant number of patients do not respond to antidepressants. So, special attention has been paid in recent years towards investigation of methods that could improve the treatment effectiveness in depressive. In this review presents the results of clinical trials of buspirone as an adjunctive therapy in cases with previous ineffective use of antidepressants in patients with major depressive disorder.

[Clinical potential and possibilities of using buspirone in the treatment of anxiety disorders].

The article reviews current publications on the epidemiology, psychopathology, diagnostic criteria and comorbidity of most frequently encountered in the practice anxiety disorders: generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. Special attention is paid to the pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders in the aspect of efficacy of main classes of drugs, including buspirone. The results of clinical trials of buspirone are presented.

[Phagocytes protection of periodontium and its ways activation].

In the review of the literature modern data on mechanisms phagocytes protection of periodontium, sold monocytes-macrophage system and neutrophil are resulted. The opportunity of programming of a morphological amd functional phenotype of macrophage is analyzed by change of concentration of whey of blood. Data on functioning in gingival sulcus or periodontal pocket << extracellular neutrophil traps>> are resulted. Opportunities to operate by the nonspecific protective answer of fabrics periodontium on microbic aggression are shown.

Alternative reprogramming of M1/M2 phenotype of mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro with interferon-γ and interleukin-4.

An important role in the development of the immune response is played by macrophages that acquire either anti-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype depending on their microenvironment. The possibility of targeted reprogramming of the initial M2 macrophage phenotype towards M1 phenotype and vice versa using macrophage reprogramming factors IFN-γ and IL-4, respectively, was demonstrated. We showed that macrophages of genetically different mouse strains did not practically differ by their reprogramming capacity. Our findings suggest that macrophage programming not only participates in the triggering of the immune response, but also can ensure plasticity of functional activity during the developing response.

Regulation and evolution of malonate and propionate catabolism in proteobacteria.

Bacteria catabolize malonate via two pathways, encoded by the mdc and mat genes. In various bacteria, transcription of these genes is controlled by the GntR family transcription factors (TFs) MatR/MdcY and/or the LysR family transcription factor MdcR. Propionate is metabolized via the methylcitrate pathway, comprising enzymes encoded by the prp and acn genes. PrpR, the Fis family sigma 54-dependent transcription factor, is known to be a transcriptional activator of the prp genes. Here, we report a detailed comparative genomic analysis of malonate and propionate metabolism and its regulation in proteobacteria. We characterize genomic loci and gene regulation and identify binding motifs for four new TFs and also new regulon members, in particular, tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP) transporters. We describe restructuring of the genomic loci and regulatory interactions during the evolution of proteobacteria.

[Post-stroke vascular dementia: risk factors and clinical neuro-imaging features].

To analyze the status of risk factors for post-stroke vascular dementia, 128 patients with post-stroke dementia, aged from 50-79 years, have been studied. A control group included 125 patients, aged 50-79 years, with moderate cognitive impairment after stroke. A coronary heart disease was a significant risk factor for the patients aged from 50-59; coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, overweight and hyperlipidemia were significant risk factors for the aged 60-69, diabetes mellitus, overweight and hyperlipidemia were significant risk factors for the aged 70-79. The stroke-related factors were cerebral infarction in left hemisphere, frontal and temporo-occipital infarction, thalamic, basal ganglion; cerebral white-matter lesions. The mathematical model of post-stroke dementia prediction was created for patients with post-stroke moderate cognitive impairment.

[Risk factors and prediction of poststroke dementia].

To study the status of risk factors for poststroke dementia, 128 patients, aged 50-79 years, with poststroke dementia have been examined. A control group included 125 patients with moderate cognitive impairment after stroke. Coronary heart disease was a significant factor at the age from 50 to 59; coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, overweight and hyperlipidemia were significant risk factors at the age from 60 to 69 and diabetes mellitus, overweight and hyperlipidemia were significant risk factors at the age from 70 to 79. The neuroimaging study revealed that the development of dementia in patients with moderate cognitive impairment was related to the localization of focal poststroke changes in the left hemisphere, frontal and temporal-occipital areas, frontal white matter, thalamus, basal ganglia as well as to the prevalence and severity of subcortical leukoareosis in the frontal areas, basal ganglia and thalamus. An individual prediction model for poststroke dementia in patients with moderate cognitive impairment has been worked out.

[Vegetative disturbances and dysfunction of the endothelium in patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis].

We assessed vegetative status and parameters of endothelial function in 53 patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis. Balance of autonomic nervous system was characterized by the Kerdo index and heart rate variability at Holter monitoring, endothelial function - by quantity of desquamated endotheliocytes in blood and vasomotor function in test with reactive hyperemia. Patients with higher class of angina and sympatheticotonia had pronounced disturbance of endothelial function appearing as increase in number of circulating desquamated endotheliocytes and diminished sensitivity of brachial artery endothelium to shear stress.

[Treatment of purulent-inflammatory complications of polytrauma, diabetes, infected pancreonecrosis]. / Lechenie gnoino-vospalitel'nykh oslozhnenii, soprovazhdaiushchikh politravmu, sakharnyi diabet, infitsirovannyi pankreonekroz.

Results of Antilympholin-K3 use in combined treatment of purulent-inflammatory complications in polytrauma, diabetes, infected pancreonecrosis are analysed. Thirty-nine patients aged from 19 to 74 years were treated. Double injection of Antilympholin-K3 enhanced phagocytic activity of neutrophils, phagocytic index, chemiluminescence of mononuclears and neutrophils, immunoglobulins concentration. Positive dynamics in immunological indices is accompanied by improving clinical status, cleaning of postoperative wounds from pus, improving of epithelisation.

[Cranial electrostimulation--a new nondrug method of treating the initial stage of hypertension]. / Kranial'naia élektrostimuliatsiia--novyi nelekarstvennyi metod lecheniia nachal'noi stadii gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

The authors relate the data on the hypotensive effect and procedure of cranial electric stimulation (CES). The method was applied to the treatment of 66 patients aged 20-40 years suffering from stage I essential hypertension (EH) (WHO classification). To provide clinical and physiological evidence for CES, the EEG and ECG were recorded. In addition, computer was employed to average out and to design the histograms of the R-R intervals as was echocardiography to examine central hemodynamics. Before the treatment of SAP (179.2 +/- 4.3 mm Hg), DAP (104.2 +/- 2.6 mm Hg) the patients manifested cephalgia, cardialgia, pronounced vegetative dysfunction. The EEG showed phenomena of irritation in the upper stem structures of the brain. The histograms of R-R intervals distribution demonstrated the signs of a decrease of the tonic influence of the parasympathetic nervous system. The hyperkinetic type of hemodynamics was revealed. After CES the patients manifested an improvement of subjective symptomatology: headache attacks ceased in 85% of the patients, heart pains in 76%; AP got stabilized within normal, which correlated with normalization of central hemodynamics. The histograms of R-R intervals distribution demonstrated an increase of the model value, a decline of the mode, and a rise of the variation range, attesting to the changes in vegetative regulation of heart activity, with a reduction of sympathetic regulation and a simultaneous increment of parasympathetic effects. The authors hold that CES is an effective and prospective method of the treatment of the initial stage of EH.

[The oxygen system of an isolated heart during its perfusion with a suspension of human erythrocytes after different periods of their preservation in a solution containing adenine]. / Kislorodnyi rezhim izolirovannogo serdtsa pri perfuzii ego vzves'iu éritrotsitov cheloveka raznykh srokov khraneniia, konservirovannykh na rastvore s adeninom.

Seven series of experiments (68 tests) were conducted on an isolated rat heart with the functioning left ventricle during its coronary vessels perfusion with suspension of human erythrocytes of different storage terms preserved in the solution containing citroglucophosphate with adenine. The main parameters of hemodynamics and oxygen regimen were evaluated. The results of the study have shown that washed human donor erythrocytes preserved in the above solution after 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of storage present a highly efficient gas-carrying medium under conditions of acute anemic hypoxia.