[Computer program for the analysis of clinical diagnostic errors based on a pathology database]. / Programma dlia komp'iuternogo analiza defektov klinicheskoi diagnostiki na osnove patologoanatomicheskoi bazy dannykh.

The program is tested on the material of 882 autopsy protocols. All parts of clinical and pathology diagnoses were included into the generation of the data base. Automatized analysis allowed to assess main characteristics of the patient material with a histogram demonstration of group statistics according to all positions considered as well as to obtain information on the influence of more complex pathology diagnosis of a main disease, sex and age on the frequency of clinical diagnosis mistakes.

[Morphofunctional state of the rat supraoptico-neurohypophyseal system in hypoparathyroisis]. / Morfofunktsional'noe sostoianie supraoptiko-neirogipofizarnoi sistemy krys pri gipoparatireoze.

Volumes of nuclei and nucleoli of neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus were investigated morphometrically, and the amount of neurosecretion in the posterior hypophyseal lobe was determined photometrically in rats at varying time of parathyroprivic hypocalcemia. The data obtained were indicative of increased function of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus on the 5th day of parathyroprivic hypocalcemia and a decrease in the amount of neurosecretion in the posterior hypophyseal lobe that can be interpreted as a sign of an increased discharge of neurosecretion into the blood flow. A decrease in function of neurosecretory cells of the supraoptic nucleus in parallel with an increase in the amount of neurosecretion in the posterior hypophyseal lobe on days 15 and 30 of development of parathyroprivic hypocalcemia indicated retention of a discharge of neurosecretion. Return of neurosecretion to normal tended to occur on day 60.

[Immunoenzyme method of determination of human alpha2-macroglobulin]. / Immunofermentnyi metod opredeleniia alpha2-makroglobulina cheloveka.

Highly sensitive, specific immunoenzymatic assay for human alpha 2-macroglobulin was developed using solid phase "sandwich" procedure. The immunoenzymatic assay developed involved the following steps: 1. preparation of highly purified alpha 2-macroglobulin, 2. production of monospecific antiserum against the protein, 3. preparation of the immunoenzymatic assay system components--isolation of antibodies against alpha 2-macroglobulin, conjugation of these antibodies with horseradish peroxidase, standardization of the assay. Sensitivity of the assay was 31,25 ng/ml, duration of the analysis--3 hrs. The assay enabled to estimate the proteinase inhibitor in various human biological fluids. Content of alpha 2-macroglobulin in blood plasma, urine and tears was estimated in normal and some pathological states.

[Morphology and pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis]. / Morfologiia i patogenez khronicheskogo bronkhita.

Histologic and ultrastructural features of the chronic catarrhal bronchitis are presented and its pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed. An important role in the development of bronchitis of the mucociliary transport system damage, retention of the mucus and bacterial contamination of the respiratory tract is analysed. Current hypothesis of the chronic bronchitis development based on the disturbance of the protease-antiprotease and oxidative-antioxidative balance is presented. The data on the role of the specific and non-specific local immune mechanisms of the lung defence in the development of the exacerbations are given.

[Anatomo-stereologic characteristics of the mucous membrane of the major duodenal papilla]. / Anatomo-stereologicheskaia kharakteristika slizistoi obolochki bol'shogo sosochka dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki.

In 55 men and 60 women who had had not any pathology in their biliary-pancreato-duodenal system during life, microrelief of the mucous membrane in the major duodenal papilla has been studied by means of light and scanning electron microscopy. It is defined by variants of fusion of the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct in the papilla. Three main variants of the ducts fusion are defined and, respectively, three main varieties of the structure of the mucous membrane folds. When the ducts flow into the same orifice separately, the mucous membrane relief is even, parvigranular and there are no fold-valves. In the common major duodenal papilla, the architectonics of the mucous membrane resembles the valve that acts as a block-outlet mechanism.

[Use of glass knives for preparing histological sections from wax-embedded blocks]. / Primenenie stekliannykh nozhei dlia izgotovleniia gistologicheskikh srezov s blokov, zalitykh v vosk.

A technique using glass knives for making histological sections without application of epoxy resin is suggested. The method of embedding of the material fixed in formalin is described, according to which instead of paraffin dental wax is used. Sections were made on a rotation microtome "Leitz" modified for the fixation of a glass knife.

[Postinfarct defects of the interventricular heart septum in hypertension]. / Postinfarktnye defekty mezhzheludochkovoi peregorodki serdtsa pri gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

Six autopsy observations of postinfarction defects of the interventricular septum developing in the presence of transmural myocardial infarctions in men of 64-69 who had suffered from hypertension for 10-15 years are described. Five patients with such defect died within the first week after the development of the defect of the interventricular septum, but one patient with this defect lived for 2 years and died with repeat infarction. This complication was diagnosed intravitally in 3 patients.

[Intracardiac volumetric parameters in chronic cardiovascular insufficiency based on autopsy data]. / Vnutriserdechnye ob"emnye parametry pri khronicheskoi serdechnososudistoi nedostatochnosti po materialam autopsii.

The available methods of direct measurement of volumes of cardiac ventricle cavities cannot be always applied in pathological practice and do not allow the assessment of the residual volumes of ventricles, the amount of the outflowing and inflowing blood. This paper presents a method for the determination of the volume of the blood inflow and outflow as well as the reserve volume of the heart ventricles on the basis of measurements of inflowing and outflowing tracts and perimeters of the valve orifices of the heart ventricles. On the material of 50 autopsy observations (of them 13 controls), changes in the above parameters in hypertension, sudden coronary death and pulmonary-cardiac insufficiency have been demonstrated. In all these kinds of pathology a decrease in the reserve volume (P less than 0.05) and an increase in the outflow volume are observed. Strong correlation associations have been found between the volumetric values in each kind of pathology. The proposed volumetric indices may be used for the assessment of the degree of loading on the ventricular myocardium and of the reserve of hemodynamics compensation.

[Pathogenetic and morphological aspects of sudden cardiac death]. / Patogeneticheskie i morfologicheskie aspekty vnezapnoi serechnoi smerti.

The epidemiology, risk factors, pathological anatomy, and pathogenesis of sudden cardiac death are characterized on the grounds of literature data and the results of the authors own study. The main attention was focused on sudden death in ischemic heart disease. Information on acute and chronic morphological changes in the coronary arteries of the heart, the myocardium, and the conducting system is given. The pathogenic importance of myocardial ischemia, local metabolic damages, and microcirculatory disorders in the heart muscle is discussed. It is indicated that the principal role in thanatogenesis is played by the electrical instability of the myocardium and disorders of cardiac rhythm caused to a definite measure by the structural and functional changes in the conducting system of the heart.

[Correlation analysis of the organometric heart parameters under normal and pathological conditions]. / Korreliatsionnyi analiz organometricheskikh parametrov serdtsa v norme i v patologii.

An organometric study of 27 heart parameters normally, in hypertension, chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases and ischemic heart disease was carried out. Significant differences in the heart weight values under normal and pathological conditions were found. A correlation analysis of the heart parameters normally and pathologically was performed revealing specific associations for each group of pathology. Increased associations were observed between heart weight values and its parts and the linear-planimetric parameters in the groups of ischemic heart disease and chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases.

[Effect of age, sex and season factors on sudden death in ischemic heart disease]. / O vliianii vozrasta, pola i sezonnogo faktora na vnezapnuiu smert' pri ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa.

Statistical analysis of 525 cases of sudden death was done on the data of forensic medical examinations of cadavers of subjects suffering from ischemic heart disease (IHD). In the structure of cases of sudden death in IHD the percentage of men was shown to be approximately twice as high as that of women. An increase in the percentage of women in older age groups and a stronger effect of the age factor in women on the frequency of sudden death in IHD were noted. There was a strong correlation between the frequency of sudden death in IHD and the heart mass. Most cases of sudden death in IHD were registered in the autumn-winter period.

[Method of quantitative assessment of morphological changes in the central nervous system]. / K metodike kolichestvennoi otsenki morfologicheskikh izmenenii v tsentral'noi nervnoi sisteme

The author present a variant of quantitative assessment of the degree of morphological changes in the central nervous system neurons. It is suggested that the following groups of the changed neurons should be distinguished: swollen neuron with the initial manifestations of breaking large tigroid lumps into smaller ones; swollen neuron with marked phenomena of breaking large tigroid lumps into smaller ones and initial phenomena of hypochromatosis; swollen neuron with total tigrolysis with hyper- and hypochromatosis; dehydrated hyperchromic neuron; vacuolized neuron; contracted atrophic neuron; perished neuron. Each of the mentioned groups is given a mark, characterizing the degree of morphological changes. A formula for the assessment of the degree of morphological changes for individual formations and zones of the central nervous system is suggested.